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Graph illustrating the linear regression curve used for calculation of total flavonoids content of S. macrathum methanol fruit extract
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Background
The current study undertaken to evaluate antioxidant property of Solanum macranthum fruit methanol extract and its in-vitro cytotoxic effects on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and mice embryo fibroblast (MEF-L929) cell line.
Methods
The total alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids content in the methanol extract of S.macranthum fruit were estimate...
Context in source publication
Citations
... Solanum incanum (also known as the thorn apple, Sodom apple, and bitter apple, Nhundurwa in shona and Intume in IsiXhosa) is widely spread in dry regions or rocky soils in Africa. S. incanum has been used since the dawn of civilization in the agricultural, health, and food industries [1,2,3,4,5] and has drawn increasing attention as a potential source of anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antiobesity, anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, neuroprotective, and hepato-protective compounds [6,7,8,9]. Indigenous people in disadvantaged communities of Southern Africa treat various ailments (sore throats, angina, stomach pains, colic, headaches, painful cutaneous mycotic infections, menstruation) using aqueous extracts from S. incanum species [6,10]. In addition, it is used to treat venereal diseases and skin problems, as well as used to curdle milk for the improvement of flavour in cheese [6]. ...
Solanum incanum L. is a plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family, growing in tropical climates all over the world. Despite the extensive use of the root and fruit sap extract of S. incanum in the agricultural and ethnopharmaceutical industries in Africa, there is minimal scientific documentation regarding its pesticide bioactive phytochemicals and efficacy. The study investigated the photochemical content (phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and alkaloids) of the methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane crude extracts of the root and fruit of S. incanum. The potential radical scavenging, (antioxidant), cytotoxicity, and efficacy activities of all crude extracts were examined using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), propidium iodide (PI) and aphid leaf dip (ALD) assays respectively. The total phenolic, alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid and saponin content were highest in the methanol fruit (MFE), (3.49 ± 1.16 mg GAE/100 mg), steroidal fruit (SAE), (0.14±0.06 mg ATP/100 mg, hexane fruit (HFE), 3.62±1.23 mg QCT/100 mg, hexane root (Hroot), (1.19±0.47 mg LIN/100 mg and saponin (3.74±1.17 mg/100 mg). The aqueous extract of the ethyl acetate fruit had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 35.53±0.53 μg·mL-1 (p < 0.05) The methanol fruit and steroidal alkaloid extracts exhibited potent cytotoxicity against Vero cells demonstrating the highest cell mortality rate of 98% and 70% respectively at 100 μg·mL-1. Melphalan which was used as a positive control had a mortality rate of 75% cell at 100 μg/mL concentration. The methanol fruit extract exhibited the highest efficacy against the cabbage aphids with an LD50 of 13.16±3.78 μg·mL-1 (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the fruit and root of S. incanum have a variety of phytochemicals that may be considered for use as antioxidants and/or pesticides. By exhibiting the most potent cytotoxic activity against Vero cells, S. incanum roots have the greatest potential for the discovery of cytotoxic compounds necessary to develop anticancer drugs. The extracts with high potent efficacy against cabbage aphids need to be investigated further as pesticides to benefit the disadvantaged communities in the Southern African region. Key words: Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, lethal dose, mortality rate, phytochemicals, quantitative analysis
... The seeds of M. pruriens were collected from Karnataka, India. The seed powder was subjected to extraction using methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, and water solvents (Senguttuvan et al., 2014;Kalebar et al., 2020). The qualitative analysis of the solvent extracts revealed that the methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds possessed a superior phytochemical profile additionally supported by the in vitro antioxidant assays (Lampariello et al., 2012;Rane et al., 2019). ...
... Methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds was subjected to determination of total alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols as per standard protocol (Senguttuvan et al., 2014;Kalebar et al., 2020). The antioxidant efficiency of M. pruriens seed extract was determined by hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay as per standard protocol (Brand-Williams et al., 1995;Siddhuraju and Becker, 2003;Keser et al., 2012). ...
Present study aimed to assess effect of pre-treatment with Mucuna pruriens seed extract and its bioactive molecule(s) on NMDAR and Tau protein gene expression in cerebral ischemic rodent model. Methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds was characterized by HPLC, and β-sitosterol was isolated by flash chromatography. In vivo studies to observe the effect of pre-treatment (28 days) withmethanol extract of M. pruriens seed and β-sitosterol on the unilateral cerebral ischemic rat model.
Cerebral ischemia induced by left common carotid artery occlusion (LCCAO) for 75 min (on day 29) followed by reperfusion for 12 h. Rats (n = 48) divided into four groups. GroupI (control,Untreated + LCCAO)-No pre-treatment + cerebral ischemia; Group II(β-sitosterol + Sham)-pre-treatment with β-sitosterol, 10mg/kg/day + sham operated; Group III(β-sitosterol + LCCAO)-pre-treatment with β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg/day + cerebral ischemia; Group IV(methanol extract + LCCAO)-pre-treatment with methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds, 50mg/kg/day + cerebral ischemia. Neurological deficit score was assessed just before sacrifice. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 12 h reperfusion. Brain histopathology was performed. Gene expression of NMDARand Tau protein of left cerebral hemisphere (occluded side)was performed by RT-PCR. Results revealed that the neurological deficit score was lower
in groups III and IV compared to group I. NMDAR and tau protein mRNA expression in left cerebral hemisphere were upregulated in Group I, downregulated in groups III and
IV. Histopathology of left cerebral hemisphere (occluded side) in Group I showed features of ischemic brain damage. Groups III and IV, left cerebral hemisphere showed less ischemic damage compared GroupI. Right cerebral hemisphere showed no areas of ischemia-induced brain changes. Pre-treatment with β-sitosterol and methanol
extract of M. pruriens seeds may reduce ischemic brain injury following unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.
... The MTT assay also calculates rate of cell proliferation and reduced metabolic activity which results in apoptosis that signifies reduced cell viability. 17 It has been reported that after an incubation period of 72hrs, methanolic extract of Berberis hispanica showed a 50% reduction in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. 18 One more study reported the anti-proliferative effect of Zaleya pentandra extract against MCF-7 cells almost 37% after 24hrs of treatment. ...
Objective:
To investigate the anticancer effect of Illicium verum against human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.
Methods:
An experimental study was conducted in Multidisciplinary and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Aga Khan University in collaboration with Pharmacology Department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan from January 2021 to June 2021. MCF-7 cells of Luminal-A breast cancer were seeded in 96-well plate and treated with I.verum methanol extract. After incubation, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) dye was used for cell viability and cell proliferation assays to determine the number of dead and viable cells, and the absorbance was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plate reader. In cell viability assay, different doses of I. verum methanol extract were used to treat the MCF-7 (0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 25, and 50μg/ml) cells. For apoptosis analysis, the cells were processed with 4´, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescent nuclear dye (DAPI) and were examined for fluorescence intensity and apoptotic cells. For cell proliferation assay and apoptosis the IC50 dose of 5.5μg/ml I. verum methanol extract was used.
Results:
The MCF-7 cells showed a significant reduction (p-value <0.01) in cell viability in the presence of all tested doses of I. verum methanol extract, except for the dose of 0.25μg/ml. The IC50 dose 5.5μg/ml of same extract also showed a significant reduction (p-value <0.01) in cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells.
Conclusions:
Illicium verum methanol extract possesses very potent anticancer action against MCF-7 cells through cytotoxicity, reduction, and inhibition of cancer cells and by inducing apoptosis.
... Similarly, this inhibition was comparable to BSA denaturation inhibition by the standard anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin [31]. In this study, the highest percentage of inhibitory activities of the peel of P. campechiana fruit extract at a concentration of 100 μg/mL was 64.27%, which is comparatively higher than the inhibitory activity of S. macranthum fruit methanol extract (42.73%) [32]. The hemolytic anti-inflammatory activities results shown in Table 4 and Fig. 3 (c and d), reveal that the ethanolic extracts of the peel parts of the P. campechiana fruits at 100 μg/mL concentration can inhibit higher (80.21%) hemolysis prevention activity (p < 0.001) as compared to other concentrations used in this [33]. ...
Pouteria campechiana fruit is newly cultivated in Bangladesh. Nutritional and biological analysis of the peel and pulp of P. campechiana species was done according to standard protocols. The physicochemical parameters revealed that specific gravity, viscosity, total soluble solids (TSS), and pH contents were more evident in the pulp than the peel. According to the nutritional analysis, 7.46% fat, 4.15% dietary fiber, 41.54% carbohydrate and 247.28% energy were found in the peel. These values were higher and significant (p < 0.01) when compared to pulp; in contrast, larger amounts of moisture (54.44%), ash (2.92%) and protein (8.75%) were observed in the pulp of P. campechiana compared to peel, and these values were highly significant (p < 0.001). Large amounts of Cu, Zn, Fe and K were present in the peel of P. campechiana (p < 0.001; p < 0.01), while Ca, Mg and Na were significantly higher in the pulp of P. campechiana. Vitamin A was enrich in pulp (51.15 mg/100g) but vitamin C was enrich in peel (106.42 mg/100g) (p < 0.01). The total phenolics and flavonoids content per 100g ranged from 84 to 205 mg GAE and 256.34–930.33 mg QE, respectively. P. campechiana peel contains a significantly (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) high amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and showed potential antioxidant, anti-inflammation activities as compared to the pulp. Furthermore, a brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality assay revealed the peel was significantly less toxic than the pulp (LC50 = 701.66 μg/mL). The findings suggest that P. campechiana can be a rich source of nutrition as well as potential biological activity.
... The phytocompounds isolated from Solanaceae family have been reported to possess several medicinal values, antioxidant and anticancer properties. [19,20]. ...
Naturalherbalproducts areformulatedwitha combinationofphytoconstituentsfrom plants which play a pivotalrole becauseof their diverse medicinal properties.Limited plants have been screened for their complete biological and pharmacological nature.In the present research workan attempt wasmade to infer the medicinal value of aqueousextract of Solanumtorvum (S.torvum)leaves. Phytochemical analysis of theaqueous extracts of S.torvumleaf in the present study ascertain the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, sterols, proteins and reducing sugars.Further, the potentiality of aqueous extract ofS.torvumleaveswas assessedfor its cytotoxic effecton Normal Verocell lineand anticancer activityonHumanbreast adenocarcinoma cell lineby 3-(4,5dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay.A 24-hour incubationcell proliferation studyreducedthe cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.In vitro studieson cytotoxicity analysis on Vero cell line revealed thattheaqueous leaf extract of S.torvumhasno toxicityand further it was foundtobeeffectiveinthepreventionofcellproliferation by MCF-7celllines.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.
... Further, the extraction procedure did not induce toxicity to the extracts, being these also safe to be used as ingredients. Kalebar et al. (2020) reported that the methanolic extract from Solanum macranthum fruit was found to possess significant antioxidant properties and specific cytotoxic effect toward breast cancer cells while posing no toxic effect on the normal cell line (L929), revealing its potential application as an anticancer agent. Also, in our study the Red eggplant extract showed a slight reduction in the cell viability of Caco-2 cancer cells, comparatively to L929 cells. ...
Eggplants contain a multitude of biocompounds with nutritional and/or biological activities. The objective of this work was to study the nutritional, chemical and bioactive value of red eggplant from Rotonda, Italy. Ohmic heating (OH) was compared to conventional heating, as different solvents were used (water, ethanol 30, 50, and 90% and methanol) for biocompounds extraction. Extracts were evaluated for their total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and its toxicity was assessed in cells, L929 and Caco-2. The nutritional characterization of Rotonda's eggplant demonstrated that it is rich in carbohydrates (65%), fiber (12.5%), proteins (13%), lipids (7.6%) and minerals. Potassium is the mineral with the highest concentration in the red eggplant (27.24 mg/g). Phenolic composition of the obtained extracts was dependent on the extraction method, as well as on the solvent. The use of OH method increased the extraction of biocompounds, especially when using 50% of ethanol as solvent. The main phenolic compounds found in the extracts of this eggplant variety were ellagic acid, p-coumaricic acid, epicatechin, narginin, taxifolin and kaempferol. Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the total amounts of phenolics. Red Eggplant extracts showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. enterica), however, they did not demonstrate activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The extracts obtained did not show cytotoxic effects in fibroblast and colorectal studied cells. Ohmic heating is a sustainable technology that increases the extraction yield of biocompounds, with reduced energy consumption and the resulting extracts show low toxicity and high biological activity.
... Medicinal plants have always remained a choice of treatment in many diseased conditions with the availability of isolated novel phytoconstituents with minimum side effects. According to the World Health Organization reports, 252 drugs were approved for cancer treatment, out of them 11% drugs were of plant origin [4]. ...
Background
Capparis zeylanica Linn. leaf extract was subjected to phytochemical screening for the determination of antioxidant and anticancer activity on (MCF-7) human breast cancer cells. The phytoconstituents previously determined were subjected to molecular docking studies against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein as a target receptor to support antioxidant and anticancer activities.
Results
Powdered plant leaves were extracted by maceration method using ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and distilled water. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation and total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract were evaluated using biochemical tests. Total antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated using different assays. Anticancer potential of methanolic and ethanolic extracts was studied on human breast cancer cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the binding interactions of phytoconstituents on HER2 protein using AutoDock Vina.
Phytochemical evaluation confirmed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates and proteins. Ethanolic extract showed a maximum total phenolic and flavonoid content in support with antioxidant and anticancer activities. The ethanolic leaf extract showed 66.63% cell growth inhibition against MCF-7 cells. Molecular docking studies revealed the highest binding affinity (− 8.4 Kcal/mol) of α-amyrin followed by quercetin and β-carotene. Glucocapparin, syringic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid showed almost a similar binding affinity to the amino acid residues of HER2 protein as compared to 5-FU.
Conclusion
C. zeylanica leaf extract showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid constituents responsible for antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities. Molecular docking studies showed the binding affinity of phytoconstituents on targeted HER2 protein.
... Antioxidant properties of medicinal plants play an important role in Ayurvedic treatments due to their multifaceted action. The significant positive correlation between phenols, flavonoids with different antioxidant assays such as DPPH, RP, and CUPRAC indicated that these bioactive compounds play a role in the antioxidant property of the plant 32,33 . Earlier reports suggested that phenolic compounds concentrated in the fruit skin contribute to their antioxidant property. ...
The study evaluates the medicinal efficacy of Solanum capsicoides fruits as an antioxidant. Fruit extracts were prepared using acetone, ethanol, HCl, and water for the measurement of antioxidant potential by reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and CUPRAC assay and for the spectrophotometric determination of total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content. Chemical profiling of the fruit extract through GC-MS was also conducted. The total phenolic contents in extracts ranged between 1.2-4.25mg GAE g-1 FW and flavonoid contents in the range of 3.89-22.96mg QE g-1 FW. Among the various solvents used, acetone extract showed maximum antioxidant activity, and the least was observed in the water extract. Correlation coefficient analysis between bioactive compounds and antioxidant property revealed that TPC and TFC were positively and significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. A negative correlation was observed between the pigments, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, with DPPH and CUPRAC activity. The correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and carotenoids as well as TFC was not significant. In the case of RP, except carotenoids, all others showed a significant and positive correlation. From the multivariate analysis, it was clearly observed that the antioxidant activity decreases from acetone extract to water extract. Among different variables, TPC was with the maximum antioxidant property and the least with carotenoids. From this study, it can be considered that the phenolics present in the fruits contribute to the characteristic antioxidant property. The present study demonstrated considerable antioxidant activity of S. capsicoides All.
