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The quality of sound insulation in buildings is generally described as a single number rating of sound insulation. Many methods have been proposed for single number ratings of partition sound insulation performance. None has been robust enough to be completely satisfactory. The difference in sound levels from one side of a wall to the other indicat...
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... straight line can be drawn through these three points, which can then be extrapo- lated for sounds of higher and lower loudness. Figure 1 shows a graph for translating loudness level in phons to loudness in sones. One point on the graph is the very definition of the sone, the loudness experienced by a per- son hearing a 1 kHz tone at 40 dB sound-pressure level, or 40 phons. ...
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Citations
... In the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] it is frequently discussed that single number ratings based on standard procedures like ISO 717 [8] leads to different results concerning subjectively related judgments. As in [6] stated: "The compilation of data on R w and C 50-3150 of all types of building elements on the one hand and studies on the subjective response on sound insulation on the other hand show that the consideration of the low frequencies down to 50 Hz is very important." ...
... In this study the rating is twofold. First the rating of the Standard ISO 717-1 [1] and the new proposal ISO/NP 16717-1 [10] are compared. Second, a sound signal is investigated using psychoacoustic measures. ...
There is currently a lack of measure to describe airborne sound insulation in terms of subjective evaluation of noise annoyance. With a given sound insulation value, different kinds of sound signals could produce rather different hearing sensation levels. Physical noise measurements to describe airborne sound insulation often cannot solve problems in terms of noise annoyance, and psychoacoustic metrics are increasingly used. Recently, new results of evaluating sound insulation spectra by single-numbers have been adapted for practical applications such as in ISO 16717-1. In this paper, comparisons are carried out to demonstrate how single-number ratings are affected by non-steady-state sounds. The effect of a sound insulation having a frequency dip of 6 dB has also been examined. It is well known that noises with tonal components could be rather annoying, so that it would be of significance to examine if a frequency depending sound insulation can act as a filter for tonal components. In this paper, it will be shown that psychoacoustic magnitudes like loudness, sharpness, and fluctuation strength can largely account for different aspects, especially if airborne sound insulation is supposed to describe hearing sensation.
... The absolute value used in this preliminary field investigation is the standardised sound level difference D nT between two rooms. Since it is well known that a single number quantity is not able to specify an acoustic comfort in dwellings [4] [5] it is proposed to do a comparison on the basis of the spectral corrected standardised sound level difference (D nT,w + C) and the absolute hearing threshold [6]. We do need some sort of subjective unit of loudness in order to judge the human reaction to loudness of sound more close to reality. ...
The sound insulation in buildings has an important bearing on the comfort, health and general amenity of the residents. This is particularly true of the elements separating dwelling units from an adjoining dwelling unit. There are an increasing number of complaints from occu- pants about sound levels being transmitted through the walls and floors. The quality of sound insulation in buildings is generally described as a single number rating of sound insulation. Since the early 1950s and 1960s, where the main body of standards of sound insulation in dwellings are originated, there have been considerable improvements in living standards as- sociated with an increased noise level produced in the room. Performance requirements spec- ify that walls and floors must provide insulation against the transmission of airborne sound that is sufficient to prevent illness or loss of amenity to occupants. The rating systems are lacking on the ability to quantify subjectively related disturbances between dwellings due to audible sounds perceived from neighbour's activities. There is growing concern that stan- dards governing sound insulation between dwellings are not meeting consumer expectations. Due to raised comfort demands concerning the airborne sound insulation in dwellings for ex- ample, it is not sufficient to avoid intelligibility listening through walls but to avoid recogni- tion of transmitted sounds in general. A comparison of measured sound insulation with the absolute threshold of hearing endow with details judging the quality of the real acoustical comfort of dwellings. A comparison between the standardised sound level difference and the hearing threshold depending upon background noise level is proposed.
... Due to raised comfort demands concerning the airborne sound insulation in dwellings, as well as in flats and houses etc., it is very important to know how much the sound insulation should be increased in order to cope with certain expectations. To introduce in a more distinct way the subjective related assessment of sound insulation in buildings it was already shown in [2], and [3] that a subjective related measure like the loudness and the loudness level, respectively, yield a more realistic measure to the standard rating of sound insulation. In this paper a further initial step toward an improvement of a more subjectively related judgment of the sound insulation is proposed. ...
The airborne sound insulation between dwellings describes in general the quality of the in-door living environment. It is common practice to use the current standard method of predict-ing airborne sound insulation according to EN ISO 12354-1. But one also knows, that by us-ing this method the psycho-acoustical standard parameter (especially loudness) cannot be de-duced in an adequate way. A well-defined increase in airborne sound insulation might not be "felt" or subjectively recognised as such. However, in specific sound insulation requirements e.g. in the German Standard DIN 4109 a raised weighted sound reduction index of one and two decibels is supposed to indicate an increased sound insulation. The problem is if such small increases in R w lead to a noticeable difference in "acoustic quality"? The question whether an airborne sound insulation is judged as sufficient or not cannot be answered in a simple way. After the transformation from the sound descriptor into a hearing descriptor such as loudness, it might be possible to predict an increasing sound insulation in a more realistic manner. This research work was therefore primarily focused on how much the sound insula-tion has to be increased to realize a significant difference. As a starting point pink noise was used as noise source replacing a raised spoken voice. The sound insulation used in this inves-tigation, which included two different structures, i.e. a heavy and a lightweight construction, were calculated according to EN ISO 12354-1. The sound level in the receiving room was calculated. The computed results were loudness and loudness level, which were more appro-priate values indicating subjectively judged increase of different airborne sound insulation depending on background noise level. The results show that in a very quiet environment, i.e. with a background noise level below about 15 dB(A), a necessary increment in R' w leading to a halving in loudness is of about ∆R' w = 3 dB. An increase of background noise leads to a dramatic increase of needed increment in R' w . An average background noise of about 18 dB(A) was found yielding a needed 5 dB increase of sound insulation.
