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Objectives:
(i) To assess reduction in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species count in saliva sample after ten minutes of oil gum massage therapy (massage of gingival tissues) per day for three weeks with sesame oil, olive oil, and coconut oil in three different groups of subjects. (ii) To compare the efficacy between three different oils a...
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Citations
... In surmising, the advantages of massage are: a healthier gingival circulation, periodontal stimulation, abolition of food debris, dwindling bacteria and mucinous plaques, and the keratinization of epithelium encircling the tooth which rms and narrows the ori ce to the pocket [12,13]. A study compared gingival massage of three different oils (sesame, coconut, and olive oil) and chlorhexidine gel in reducing oral microorganisms, they concluded signi cant reduction of microorganisms, plaque scores and gingival scores, and however no signi cant difference was found among the four groups [14]. ...
Background
Inflammation of gingival tissues in response to bacterial plaque accumulation is a key risk factor for the onset of gingivitis and progression towards periodontal inflammation. Thus, control of gingival inflammation is a prerequisite to sustain gingival health. Honey has been used in gingivitis and periodontal diseases for its antibacterial and healing properties, on the other hand, use of aloe-vera gel for its anti-inflammatory properties, has been reported in dentistry for many oral conditions. The main objective of the study was to find out the effects of gingival massage with aloe-vera gel and sidr honey as adjunct as well as the difference in the efficacy of aloe-vera gel and sidr honey in reducing clinical parameters.
Method:
105 patients with gingivitis were selected in this single-blinded Randomized control clinical trial. At recruitment dental prophylaxis i-e ultra-sonic scaling (US) was performed. At baseline all clinical parameters, gingival index, plaque index and bleeding on probing were recorded. All the participants were then randomly divided into three groups, Group A: US & Gingival massage with aloe-vera gel, Group B: US & Gingival massage with Sidr honey and Group C US only. On 30th day of trial all the patients were re-examined for all the clinical parameters.
Results:
Gingival massage with both interventions showed statistically significant improvement in plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing. In Group A and B highly, significant differences were observed in plaque index (<0.001), gingival index (<0.001) and bleeding on probing after gingival massage with interventions when compared with control group. However, when group A was compared to group B significant differences were observed in gingival index.
Conclusion
This clinical trial showed that gingival massage with both naturopath’s aloe-vera gel and sidr honey had significant effect in reducing plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing when used as adjuncts in patients with gingivitis. However, sidr honey gingival massage was more effective than aloe-vera gel in comparison to control group.
Trial Registration no: ClinicalTrials.gov, under the protocol ID NCT05231096 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05231096).
... Terapi oil pulling atau oil swishing merupakan prosedur tradisional dimana para praktisi membilas atau mengoleskan minyak di mulut pasien. Cara ini dapat mengurangi plak penyebab gingivitis (Singla et al., 2014). Hingga saat ini belum ditemukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh ekstrak daun Cemcem dalam menghambat pertumbuhan P. gingivalis sebagai penyebab periodontitis. ...
Cemcem atau Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Bali sebagai obat tradisional secara turun temurun. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan dan didapatkan bahwa ekstrak daun Cemcem memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. P. gingivalis merupakan salah satu penyebab periodontitis. Periodontitis merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut yang banyak dialami oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun Cemcem terhadap pertumbuhan P. gingivalis. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa bioaktif dilakukan uji terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, dan tannin. Uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun Cemcem dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan kontrol positif yaitu chlorhexidine 2%, kontrol negatif yaitu etanol, serta dua konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 60% dan 80%. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Cemcem mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, dan tannin. Zona hambat yang terbentuk memilki perbedaan bermakna antara ketiga perlakuan dan masuk dalam kategori kuat.
... In dentistry, the potential of olive oil as an antimicrobial agent towards periodontal pathogens remains in question. The experimental study by Singla et al. (2014) has shown a reduction in the oral bacterial count and an improvement in the gingival score after gingival massage by using olive oil. Another study has suggested that olive oil has a role in the prevention of periodontal disease through the modification of the bacterial bioadhesion to the oral mucosa (Kensche et al., 2013). ...
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants metabolism and can be found in olive oil. They exhibit antimicrobial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, little is known about the antibacterial activity of the compounds towards periodontopathogens. The study aimed to investigate the potential of these compounds as antibacterial agents towards pathogens, specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Phenolic compounds were extracted from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) through liquid-liquid separation using methanol:water (70:30), and hexane. It was then prepared in various concentrations to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the periodontopathogens. The anti-adhesion activity was quantified using crystal violet staining while the effects on the morphology were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MICs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were 31.25 mg/mL, 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively. The MBCs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively suggesting this compound can eradicate these bacteria. There was no bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis. The adhesion of all the bacteria was interrupted by the compounds at the lowest concentration (1.95 mg/mL). SEM findings showed disruption of bacterial cell surfaces such as blebs and disintegration of cells after exposure to this extract. Phenolic compounds of olive oil exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens, with bactericidal effects on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum and bacteriostatic effects on P. gingivalis.
... This confirms the antibacterial efficacy of both oils. These results were also reported by Singla et al. (2014) who concluded that there was a significant reduction in plaque scores in all chlorhexidine gel, coconut oil, sesame oil, and olive oil groups, but no significant difference was found between the four groups. While the decrease of PI scores in group C was only related to the mechanical removal of plaque and calculus, which are the main local factors that cause gingival inflammation. ...
Objectives:
In our research, we evaluated the effect of coconut and sesame oils using the microneedling technique on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation among patients with gingivitis by creating microholes in the gingiva to facilitate the concentration and entrance of the oils through gingival tissues.
Materials and methods:
Twenty-four patients with clinically diagnosed plaque-induced gingivitis were selected from Vision dental hospital, Riyadh, KSA, and assigned to one of three groups randomly; group A consisted of eight participants who were treated with dermapen and topical coconut oil, group B had eight participants who were treated with dermapen and topical sesame oil, and group C involved eight patients who received periodontal mechanical treatment only. Postintervention gingival status and plaque status for all participants were assessed using a modified average gingival index and a plaque index at Weeks 1, 2, and 4.
Results:
Groups A and B experienced highly significant reductions in gingival indices, while group C showed reduced scores but was not significantly notable. On the contrary, the three studied groups exhibited no significant difference in the reduction of plaque indices when compared altogether.
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated an effective novel technique that revealed a noticeable improvement in gingival status and a reduction in the average gingival index and plaque index.
... Thus, it was clear that coconut oil is promising as a valuable preventive agent for the maintenance and improvement of oral health. [26] Coconut cream is a very safe, promising, and cost-effective medication for the treatment of OLP as seen from the present study. The burning sensation had significantly reduced within 2 weeks of topical application of Coconut cream more effectively than the clobetasol propionate. ...
Context:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a quite common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder affecting the oral cavity and skin. The current treatment relies on systemic or topical corticosteroids but is known to cause side effects thereby demanding a search for an alternative.
Aim:
This study aims to assess and to compare the efficacy of topical Coconut (Cocos nucifera) 50% cream and Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment for the management of OLP.
Settings and design:
An institution-based double-blinded randomized control trial.
Materials and methods:
Sixty clinically diagnosed OLP patients were allotted to two groups (30 in each): Group I (Coconut cream-50%) and Group II (Clobetasol Propionate ointment-0.05%). Patients were examined every 15 days until two months for a change in the lesion size and reduction in the burning sensation. The measurement of lesion size and burning sensation was done using Adobe Photoshop software (version CS3) and Numeric Pain Rating scale (NPS), respectively.
Statistical analysis used:
The recordings were subjected to the statistical analysis using Wilcoxon matched-pairs and Mann-Whitney U tests for intra-group and inter-group comparisons, respectively.
Results:
There was an 85% regression in the size of the lesion in Group I whereas Group II had it to be 95%, and a 100% reduction in the NPS score in Group I whereas Group II had it to be 95%.
Conclusion:
The Coconut cream showed a significant decrease in the size of the lesion and the burning sensation with no side effects neither any signs of toxicity reported during the treatment or follow-up, thereby proving to be a safe and promising medication for OLP.
... Coconut oil-based soaps can lather well and have an increased cleansing action. The lauric acid in the coconut oil can easily react with sodium hydroxide in saliva during oil pulling to form sodium laureate, the main constituent of soap which might be responsible for the cleansing action and decreased plaque accumulation (Peedikayil et al., 2015;Singla et al., 2014;Peedikayil et al., 2016). Another reason for the action of the coconut oil in the oral cavity may be that the lipase enzyme present in the saliva is responsible for the breakdown of Medium Chain fatty acids and therefore lauric acid can enhance the anti-inflammatory effect in the oral cavity (Lai, 2019). ...
This study focuses on the efficacy of virgin and regular coconut oil on plaque-related gingivitis and the perceptions of the subjects regarding its taste and odor. A study was carried out on 80 subjects, divided into 4 groups, 20 participants each. Group A: virgin coconut oil (VCO) gargling, Group B: regular cooking coconut oil (RCCO) gargling, Group C: chlorhexidine mouthwash gargling, and Group D: routine toothbrushing. The Modified gingival Index (MGI) was assessed to check the gingival inflammation on the 15th and 30th days. Perceptions of the subjects on the taste and odor were measured with the Hedonic Scale, and texture of VCO and RCCO in comparison with chlorhexidine. The baseline means MGI values are: 1.62±0.47, 1.74±0.22, 1.78±0.22, 1.68±0.66 for Group A, B, C, and D respectively. There is a significant difference in gingival index scores across all the study groups on the 15th day and 30th day (intra-group comparison). There is a significant difference in mean scores when group VCO, RCCO, and Chlorhexidine are compared with the control (inter-group comparison). Hedonic rating scale shows: chlorhexidine has a better odor (3.2) than VCO (3.1), RCCO (2.9). Chlorhexidine scored (3.4) in taste compared with VCO (3.1) and RCCO (2.8). Texture and mouthfeel scores for Chlorhexidine and VCO (3.6) and RCCO (3.4). VCO and RCCO are as efficient in reducing gingivitis. VCO has better taste, odor, and texture in the mouth than RCCO.
... Singla et al. [21] conducted a study, where chlorhexidine gel, olive oil, sesame oil, and coconut oil was used for gingival massage and concluded that these oils and chlorhexidine gel can be used as valuable preventive agents in maintaining and improving oral health status. Nagayoshi et al. [22] tested the efficacy of three different concentrations of ozone water (0.5, 2, and 4 mg/ml in distilled water) on the time-dependent inactivation of cariogenic, periodontopathogenic and endodontopathogenic microbes (Streptococcus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and endodontalis, Actinomyces actinomycetemcomitans, Candida albicans) in culture and in biofilms and confirm that ozonated water was highly effective in killing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative micro-organisms. ...
Background: Ozone oil has both antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of ozone oil with chlorhexidine gluconate 1.0% w/w gel for the treatment of gingivitis. Methods: A triple-blind, controlled trial with parallel design was conducted for 28 days as a pilot study. Thirty participants aged 14–17 years were recruited. After baseline data collection involving gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI), the products were distributed, scaling of teeth was done, and oral hygiene instructions were given. The participants were asked to apply the gel and oil topically and followed up on days 7 and 28. Results: A statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) was seen within the ozone and chlorhexidine groups at the end of 28 days, showing a reduction in the plaque and gingival scores. At day 28, the reduction in plaque and gingival score was significant for the chlorhexidine group. It was found that chlorhexidine gel showed a greater reduction in the clinical parameters than the ozone oil, which was statistically significant but clinically similar. Both the products showed a substantial reduction in plaque scores. The participants from both the groups showed an improvement, having mild gingivitis post intervention. Conclusion: Ozone oil showed a significant reduction in the clinical parameters of PI and GI similar to chlorhexidine gel, thereby signifying its antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effects on the gingival tissues without any adverse effects, implicating the possession of properties required by a chemotherapeutic agent.
... Likewise, some studies have reported that sucrose monolaurate and the glycolipid component present in coconut have anticaries properties, probably due to the condensed glycolysis and oxidation of sucrose in a non-competitive method affecting Streptococcus mutans (Rukmini et al., 2017). Coconut, sesame and olive oils together with chlorhexidine gel have also been reported to significantly reduce Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus values (Singla et al., 2014) and Coconut oil has been reported to generate a statistically significant decrease in plaque and gingival indices (Peedikayil et al., 2015) however, the controversy lies in the fact that participants were previously exposed to mechanical brushing, attributing the reduction in bacterial numbers to the result of the mechanical removal as well as the strength of the rinsing. Faisal evaluated the inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans strains using commercial FIS brand Cocus nucifera oil and revealed an inhibition halo of approximately 15 mm (Faisal, 2015). ...
The present in vitro study determined the antibacterial effect of Coconut (Cocus nucifera) oil on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Cross-sectional and experimental study. Streptococcus mutans strain ATCC 25175 was seeded on Müeller- Hinton Blood Agar. The effect was determined by inhibition halo and the minimum inhibitory concentration, using procaine penicillin G as a positive control and standard suspension of Streptococcus mutans as a negative control. Twelve replicates per Coconut oil concentration (25 %, 50 % and 75 %) were performed. Coconut oil concentration at 25 % generated an inhibitory mean of 17 mm and 2.23x102 CFU, at 50 % a mean of 21.75 mm and 0.17 x 102 CFU, at 75 % a mean of 22 mm and 0 CFU, procaine penicillin G a mean of 14.25 mm and 0 CFU, the negative control gave a mean of 2.8 x 10 5 CFU. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test detected a highly significant statistical difference of the three concentrations of Coconut oil (p < 0.01). The Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni adjustment determined that the 50 % and 75 % concentration had similar inhibitory action and that both the 75 % concentration and procaine penicillin G gave a mean of 0 CFU. All concentrations of Coconut oil showed inhib itory action on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. 75 % concentration showed the highest inhibitory mean and was the minimum inhibitory concentration that completely eliminated CFU.
... There is a positive relationship between lycopene consumption and a reduction in the risk of development of degenerative diseases caused by free radicals, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, arthritis, stroke, cataractogenesis, hepatitis and also periodontitis [52,53,54] . Tomato Solanum lycopersicum fruit paste is listed as one of the home remedy material which is taken as mouth wash to clear the oral diseases [55] . Oral infectious diseases gives painful conditions as well as cause teeth decay, oral malodor, bleeding gums, halitosis, reduce the strengthening of teeth, gums, and jaw. ...
Since the beginning of human history, Cuminum cyminum seeds are habitually used in several cuisines of different food cultures. In India it is used in both whole and ground form as a traditional ingredient to make innumerable dishes without knowing their medicinal uses and properties. In Kerala, the decoction of the cumin seeds made from drinking water used for drinking purpose instead of ordinary water and in Tamilnadu cumin seeds used in daily to make food items called Rasam(soup) to eat with rice to increase the digestion. The fruits of Solanum lycopersicum are one of the important savoury vegetables used to increase the flavour of cooked foods. The oil and solid albumen ripe of Cocos nucifera (L.) fruits are commonly used in cooking and frying. Hence in the present study, the composition (paste) prepared by mixing of 2 drops of Solanum lycopersicum fruit juice, 2 drops of Cocos nucifera (L.) and 1gram of Cuminum cyminum seed powder were tested on the 100 subjects who are felt bad breath. The result of the present study showed effectively controlled bad breath in 91 patients even after on weak period of clinical trial and except 09 diabetic patients.
... Amazing enough, oil pulling is a conventional remedy in ancient India that can cure over 30 illnesses in our body and not just our mouth. Because of the millions of microorganisms and bacteria in the mouth, the mouth is thought to be a "spectator" for the whole health of the body (Singla et al., 2014). ...
Abstract---Pulling oil involves actually pulling oil in your mouth for about 10 to 15 minutes around a tablespoon (one teaspoon for children). Traditionally, cocoa, vegetables, sesame, olives, rapeseed and sunflower oils are common options for oil. You pull and shake the oil between the teeth, when removing undesirable food particles, you also take dangerous bacteria with them, which can lead to the formation of plaques, caries and inflammations. This cleansing process is accomplished without disrupting the beneficial balance of the oral microbiome that is essential to a healthy mouth due to the non-aggressive nature of natural oils.
Keywords---Ayurvedic practice, oil pulling, oil types, oral hygienic.
