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![Gordon LB, Brown WT, Collins FS. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. 2003 Dec 12 [Updated 2019 Jan 17]. In: Adam MP, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2022. [Female age 11 years and male age six years with HGPS displaying classic features]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1121/figure/hgps.F1/](profile/Eric-Xavier-3/publication/362824471/figure/fig5/AS:11431281080029808@1661042152853/Gordon-LB-Brown-WT-Collins-FS-Hutchinson-Gilford-Progeria-Syndrome-2003-Dec-12.png)
Gordon LB, Brown WT, Collins FS. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. 2003 Dec 12 [Updated 2019 Jan 17]. In: Adam MP, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2022. [Female age 11 years and male age six years with HGPS displaying classic features]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1121/figure/hgps.F1/
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The different types of tissues of the human body age in different ways; Cells that undergo many divisions such epithelial and connective tissues if compared to neurons and muscle have different aging mechanisms. Thus, we propose a thesis that, cell nucleus is composed of a macrostructural machinery, whit mechanisms of control the number of mitotic...
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Cancer cells experience confinement as they navigate the tumour microenvironment during metastasis. Recent studies have revealed that the nucleus can function as a ‘ruler’ for measuring physical confinement via membrane tension, allowing for compression-sensitive changes in migration. Cell nuclei contain many nuclear bodies that form when their com...
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... Thus, to maximize the benefit of light therapy, is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of opsins in physiological processes in skin to define the light parameters that elicit such responses. For example studies, has demonstrated the stimulatory effect on hair follicle stem cells and melanocytes with specific wavelengths of light irradiation, like this PBM could be a new promising treatment for hair loss and skin pigmentation disorders [26,81,95,96,97]. ...
Circadian rhythms, are the basis of homeostasis of organisms like human and other mammals. Violation of circadian rhythms leads to the development of pathological conditions and severe course of preexisting pathologies. For example some work with B16-F1O cells (B16) has shown that molecules like opsins, Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) and clock genes are changed after a white light pulse (WLP). Like this, melanopsin (OPN4) and rhodopsin (OPN2) through UVA irradiation induced B16 pigmentation. Thus, heat shock reduces secreted rhodopsin expression in normal Melan-a melanocytes, while the opposite effect is found in malignant B16 cells. In both cell lines UVA radiation increases the expression of melanopsin and melanin, interfering with several clock genes, and also increasing the DNA repair enzyme xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A (XPA). Furthermore, B16 are more responsive to UVA radiation when compared to normal cells. Thereby, opsins are involved in animal camouflage. And their functions in humans involve different wavelengths, for example in skin the keratinocyte differentiation by (410 nm) involved cone opsin (OPN1) and rhodopsin (OPN2), like this in epidermal keratinocytes irradiation by (447 nm) accelerates closure in wound-healing and violet light (415 nm) induced hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, in B16 cell culture certain wavelengths induce proliferation or inhibition like signs of apoptosis and necrosis. Finally understanding the response of opsins and clock genes to different wavelengths in the skin, we could attribute a therapeutic of photobiomodulation (PBM) to approach various dermatological conditions, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hair growth, wound healing and tissue regeneration.
... For example, Zuclich (1989) reported acute cataract induction by exposure to 337nm laser, in small dose of 1 J cm 2 [30]. Like this, ultraviolet light can accelerate diseases linked to the aging process [31] Thus, it is important to use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). UV radiation is easily absorbed by clothing, plastic or glass. ...
The use of ultraviolet (UV) sources in laboratories requires safety practices. For example, when the ultraviolet light of laminar flow is on, it is important that the researcher or team members do not remain in the environment. There are laminar flows that have glasses with an ultraviolet light filter, but many models do not have any protection against ultraviolet light. Thus, we measured the irradiance inside and outside two types of laminar flows without UV filter and with UV filter respectively. And calculated the radiation levels that a researcher could receive at one meter distance for one hour daily in a time interval of one year. Thus, we found that chronic exposure to UV radiation from laminar flow can cause health risks. And we concluded that all laboratories must adopt safety measures, for example does not allow the presence of people during the disinfection stage of laminar flow with UV light.
... Thus, in post finasteride syndrome, the patient's age [12] as length of use finasteride or dutasteride are considerable factors in the severity of side effects [13]. ...
Erectile dysfunction caused by medications are probably caused by the disconnection of synaptic circuits responsible for linking libido to erection. For instance, it is well known that sexual dysfunction may occur in patients treated with finasteride, an inhibitor of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase, prescribed for androgenetic alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Interestingly, sexual dysfunction persists after drug discontinuation. Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been used for the treatment of hypogonadism in men. It acts centrally to increase secretion of luteinizing hormone. Trazodone is a multifunctional drug with hypnotic actions at low doses due to blockade of 5-HT2A receptors, as well as H1 histamine receptors and α1 adrenergic receptors, therefore this drug can cause severe priapism and in many cases causing penile necrosis or permanent loss of erectile function. Therefore, we propose that trazodone and clomiphene can restore libido synaptic circuits, thus these associated drugs can be a treatment for post-finasteride syndrome.
... Thus, in patients with post finasteride syndrome the alpha-adrenergic antagonist properties of trazodone, by someway could change the epigenetic expression of receptors circuits responsible for erection and libido, causing a reversal effect of finasteride in the brain (Figure 2A). Therefore, in post finasteride syndrome, the patient's age [10] as length of use finasteride or dutasteride are considerable factors in the severity of side effects [11]. ...
The action mechanism of finasteride as inhibitor of the 5alpha-reductase enzyme in the brain could cause an epigenetic change imbalance in the messenger RNA of androgen receptor. The decrease of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) followed by an increase of free testosterone in the brain could in theory cause an imbalance in acetylation and methylation of histones in neurons. So, the post finasteride syndrome would be caused by an epigenetic change in androgen receptors of neurons circuits. Thus, the alpha-adrenergic antagonist properties of trazodone, for example cause priapism, and could change the epigenetic expression of androgen receptors in neuronal circuits responsible for erection and libido. Therefore, through this mechanism, the trazodone could reverse the effect of finasteride on the brain.
... Like this, trazodone can act in two areas by directly sensitizing the penile musculature region and amplifying erectile signals in the central nervous system. Thus, some works has been demonstrated that trazodone may prove an effective treatment for impotent patients [29] and in theory it can also improve the loss of sexual potency attributed to the aging process [33]. ...
Erectile dysfunction caused by medications are probably caused by the disconnection of synaptic circuits responsible for linking libido to erection. For instance, it is well known that sexual dysfunction may occur in patients treated with antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, syndrome known as (post-SSRI). A similar side effect has been also reported during treatment with finasteride, an inhibitor of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase, for androgenetic alopecia. Interestingly, sexual dysfunction persists in both cases after drug discontinuation. Trazodone is a multifunctional drug with hypnotic actions at low doses due to blockade of 5-HT2A receptors, as well as H1 histamine receptors and α1 adrenergic receptors therefore this drug can cause severe priaprism as a side effect and in many cases causing penile necrosis or permanent loss of erectile function. Thus the antipsychotic like chlorpromazine also induce priapism because the alpha receptor occupancy property of those drugs. Therefore we propose that these drugs can restore libido synaptic circuits, and trazodone or antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine can also be a treatment for post-finasteride syndrome and post-SSRI.
The use of ultraviolet (UV) sources in laboratories requires safety practices. For example, when the ultraviolet light of laminar flow is on, it is important that the researcher or team members do not remain in the environment. There are laminar flows that have glasses with an ultraviolet light filter, but many models do not have any protection against ultraviolet light. Thus, we measured the irradiance inside and outside two types of laminar flows without UV filter and with UV filter respectively. And calculated the radiation levels that a researcher could receive at one meter distance for one hour daily in a time interval of one year. Thus, we found that chronic exposure to UV radiation from laminar flow can cause health risks. And we concluded that all laboratories must adopt safety measures, for example does not allow the presence of people during the disinfection stage of laminar flow with UV light.
