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Golovinomyces chrysanthemi (HAL 3171 F). a. Conidiophore. b. Conidium with germ tube. c. Conidia (dark field). Bars: a = 50 µm, b-c = 20 µm.
Source publication
The taxonomic history of the common powdery mildew of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (chrysanthemum, florist’s daisy), originally described in Germany as Oidium chrysanthemi, is discussed. The position of O. chrysanthemi was investigated on the basis of morphological traits and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Based on the results of this study, this s...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... fig. 1), Sałata (1985, p. 202, fig. 82), Braun (1987, p. 600, pl. 310, fig. C; 1995, p. 297, pl. 93, fig. D), Nordeloos and Loerakker (1989, p. 57, figs. 12-14), Bolay (2005, p. 104, fig. 83), Braun and Cook (2012, p. 333, fig. 365 Herb. Viv. Mycol. 1763; Sydow, Mycoth. Germ. 1736 (no powdery mildew found in the sample deposited as BPI 409361). Additional material examined (all on Chrysanthemum × morifolium): GERMANY. SACHSEN-ANHALT: ...
Context 2
... fig. 1), Sałata (1985, p. 202, fig. 82), Braun (1987, p. 600, pl. 310, fig. C; 1995, p. 297, pl. 93, fig. D), Nordeloos and Loerakker (1989, p. 57, figs. 12-14), Bolay (2005, p. 104, fig. 83), Braun and Cook (2012, p. 333, fig. 365 Herb. Viv. Mycol. 1763; Sydow, Mycoth. Germ. 1736 (no powdery mildew found in the sample deposited as BPI 409361). Additional material examined (all on Chrysanthemum × morifolium): GERMANY. SACHSEN-ANHALT: Bergwitz, Wörlitzer Straße, front garden, 26 Sep 1997, H. Jage (GLM-F048600); ...
Context 3
... fig. 1), Sałata (1985, p. 202, fig. 82), Braun (1987, p. 600, pl. 310, fig. C; 1995, p. 297, pl. 93, fig. D), Nordeloos and Loerakker (1989, p. 57, figs. 12-14), Bolay (2005, p. 104, fig. 83), Braun and Cook (2012, p. 333, fig. 365 Herb. Viv. Mycol. 1763; Sydow, Mycoth. Germ. 1736 (no powdery mildew found in the sample deposited as BPI 409361). Additional material examined (all on Chrysanthemum × morifolium): GERMANY. SACHSEN-ANHALT: Bergwitz, Wörlitzer Straße, front garden, 26 Sep 1997, H. Jage (GLM-F048600); SACHSEN-ANHALT: Kemberg, previous station (now EDEKA ...
Context 4
... material examined (all on Chrysanthemum × morifolium): GERMANY. SACHSEN-ANHALT: Bergwitz, Wörlitzer Straße, front garden, 26 Sep 1997, H. Jage (GLM-F048600); SACHSEN-ANHALT: Kemberg, previous station (now EDEKA supermarket), 28 Jul 1998, H. Jage (GLM- F050261); SACHSEN-ANHALT: Bergwitz, Bahnhofstraße, junction Waldstraße, front garden, 13 Oct 1999, H. Jage (GLM-F047448); SACHSEN- ANHALT: Kemberg, Straße der MTS, front garden, 11 Aug 1999, H. Jage (GLM-F047617); SACHSEN- ANHALT: Magdeburg, old city, tub plant, 7 Jul 2003, W. Lehmann (HAL 3166 F). JAPAN. ...
Citations
... Braun and Cook's (2012) treatment of the powdery mildews took into consideration phylogenetic information on powdery mildews in formulating both generic and species concepts (i.e., Saenz and Taylor 1999;Takamatsu et al. 1998Takamatsu et al. , 1999Mori et al. 2000aMori et al. , 2000bTakamatsu 2004). In the past 10 years, the number of phylogenetic-taxonomic treatments and revisions of genera and species complexes of the Erysiphaceae has increased substantially: Golovinomyces (Takamatsu et al. 2013); Erysiphe, Microsphaera lineage (Takamatsu et al. 2015a); Erysiphe, Uncinula lineage (Takamatsu et al. 2015b); Leveillula, Queirozia, Pleochaeta, and Phyllactinia ; Erysiphe on Papaveraceae (Pastirčáková et al. 2016); Golovinomyces biocellatus complex (Scholler et al. 2016); Golovinomyces chrysanthemi and allied species (Bradshaw et al. 2017); Erysiphe on Viburnum spp. ; phylogeny of various species complexes (Bradshaw et al. 2021f); Erysiphe on Corylus spp. (Bradshaw et al. 2021a); Erysiphe on Lonicera spp. ...
... Notes: This species is only known from Argentina on Calceolaria polyrrhiza and from Galium aparine (Rubiaceae). Previously, collections were likely confused with Golovinomyces riedlianaum and Neoerysiphe galeopsidis (Braun and Cook 2012 Notes: Bradshaw et al. (2017) demonstrated that sequences retrieved from Asian, European, and North American specimens of the chrysanthemum powdery mildew form a well-supported clade within Golovinomyces, suggesting its status as an independent species. So far, G. chrysanthemi is only known in its anamorphic state. ...
... See also notes under G. longipes. Notes: Bradshaw et al. (2017) included Golovinomyces macrocarpus in phylogenetic analyses, neotypified this name, including ex-neotype sequences, and confirmed its status as an independent species. It occurs on hosts belonging to Asteraceae tribe Anthemideae, with Tanacetum vulgare as a common, widespread host. ...
Powdery mildews are a monophyletic group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Powdery mildews are economically important in that they cause damage to many agriculturally significant crops and plants in ecologically important habitats. In this contribution, we introduce a new series of publications focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group, with an emphasis on specimens collected from North America. The first part of the series focuses on the genus Golovinomyces and includes a section detailing the powdery mildew species concept. We conducted analyses of Golovinomyces spp. with available rDNA sequence data from GenBank and supplemented the data set with rDNA (ITS, 28S, IGS) as well as protein-coding (GAPDH) data from 94 North American collections. Many of the species evaluated are included in phylogenetic and morphological analyses for the first time, including the American species G. americanus, G. brunneopunctatus, G. californicus, G. greeneanus, G. hydrophyllacearum, and G. sparsus. A special emphasis was placed on acquiring ex-type or ex-epitype sequences or presenting reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Three new species, G. eurybiarum, G. galiorum, and G. malvacearum, are described, and the new combinations G. fuegianus, G. mutisiae, and G. reginae are introduced. Ex-holotype sequences of Erysiphe sparsa (≡ G. sparsus) reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. ambrosiae, and ex-epitype sequences of G. valerianae reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. orontii. Multiple epitypes are designated with ex-epitype sequences.
... Speer is unique in forming conidia compared to other species of Erysiphales (Glawe, 2008). Previous studies revealed that the main types of PM pathogens parasitizing Asteraceae are Golovinomyces cichoracearum, Golovinomyces chrysanthemi, and Golovinomyces artemisiae (Matsuda and Takamatsu, 2003;Lebeda et al., 2012;Bradshaw et al., 2017). G. artemisiae is described in Europe with Artemisia vulgaris being a type of host, of which a detailed description has been published by Braun (1995). ...
... A holistic approach of combined studies in morphology and analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA regions can accurately identify its causal fungi at the species level (Cunnington et al., 2003). To the best of our knowledge, the G. artemisiae cluster comprises sequences obtained from PM hosts of the genera Artemisia, Chrysanthemum, and Nipponanthemum (Bradshaw et al., 2017). In this study, we observed typical symptoms of PM on A. selengensis (Figure 1). ...
Artemisia selengensis Turcz. is a valuable edible and medicinal vegetable crop widely cultivated in Northeast China. Powdery mildew (PM) disease occurs during field and greenhouse cultivation, resulting in production losses and quality deterioration. The pathogen in A. selengensis was Golovinomyces artemisiae identified using optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations, morphological identification, and molecular biological analyses. Parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and antioxidant system responses as well as callose and lignin contents in A. selengensis were analyzed with inoculating G. artemisiae. Obvious of PM-infected leaves were confirmed with significantly lower values in electron transport rate (ETR), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), photochemical quenching (qP), and actual photochemical efficiency [Y(II)], but higher values in non-adjusting energy dissipation yield [Y(NO)], supposed that maximal photosystem II quantum yield (Fv/Fm) value and images could be used to monitor PM degree on infectedA. selengensis. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2–), callose, lignin contents, and peroxidase (POD) activity increased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and ascorbic acid (AsA) content decreased significantly in infected leaves compared to mock-inoculated leaves, indicated that lignin and protective enzymes are the key indicators for detecting PM resistant in A. selengensis. These results suggest that PM caused by G. artemisiae disrupted the photosynthetic capacity and induced imbalance of antioxidant system inA. selengensis. The findings were of great significance for designing a feasible approach to effectively prevent and control the PM disease in A. selengensis as well as in other vegetable crops.
... The obtained sequences, including complete ITS and partial 28S rDNA, were deposited in GenBank. The combined dataset of ITS and 28S rDNA sequences was aligned with closely related sequences of the genus Golovinomyces (Table S1) (Kiss et al., 2001;Matsuda and Takamatsu, 2003;Takamatsu et al., 2006;2008;2009;2013;Park et al., 2010;Scholler et al., 2016;Bradshaw et al., 2017;Braun et al., 2018;Meeboon et al., 2018;Ellingham et al., 2019;Qiu et al., 2020). Golovinomyces inulae was selected as the outgroup taxon (Takamatsu et al., 2013). ...
... Golovinomyces, with Euoidium as the synonymous anamorph genus, currently comprises 71 species and five varieties (Braun and Cook, 2012;Liu and Wen, 2013;Bradshaw et al., 2017;Meeboon et al., 2018;Braun et al., 2019;Qiu et al., 2020). Takamatsu et al. (2013) published comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of 33 Golovinomyces spp., which were split into 11 genetically distinct lineages. ...
... specimens (highlighted in bold font inFigure 2). Newly determined sequences were aligned with other closely related sequences that were retrieved from DNA databases, and were based onScholler et al. (2016),Bradshaw et al. (2017), andMeeboon et al. (2018). ...
The Golovinomyces cichoracearum complex is morphologically highly variable and causes powdery mildew on a wide range of Compositae, including Hieracium spp. and Lapsana communis. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Golovinomyces, published in 2013, revealed that G. cichoracearum s. str. was confined to Scorzonera and Tragopogon spp. as hosts (Compositae, tribe Lactuceae, subtribe Scorzonerinae). To clarify the phylogeny and taxonomy of Golovinomyces on Hieracium spp. (Compositae, tribe Lactuceae, subtribe Hieraciinae), which is common in Asia and Europe, morphology and phylogenetic analyses of ITS + 28S rDNA sequences were conducted for 57 powdery mildew specimens of Hieracium spp. and Lapsana communis. Golovinomyces on Hieracium spp. in Asia and Europe, previously referred to as G. cichoracearum, is a previously undescribed, cryptic species, which is described here as Golovinomyces hieraciorum sp. nov.. Since a sequence retrieved from a powdery mildew on Lapsana communis in Switzerland clustered in sister position to the G. hieraciorum clade, numerous German specimens identified as G. cichoracearum were included in the present examinations. All the re-examined collections of “G. cichoracearum” on L. communis were misidentified, and were shown to belong to Neoërysiphe nevoi or Podosphaera ergerontis-canadensis.
... The similar results were obtained by Munde et al. (2019) [6] in gladiolus for fusarium wilt disease. While, Bradshaw et al. (2017) [2] reported for powdery mildew in chrysanthemum. Among the genotypes HUBD-5, HUBD-9, HUBD-12, HUBD-17, HUBD-20, HUBD-23, HUBD-26, HUBD-27, HUBD-28, HUBD-33 and HUBD-34 were registered no incidence of aphid. ...
... (Darsaraei et al. 2021), on Fraxinus spp. (Yamaguchi et al. 2021); (3) Golovinomyces -phylogeny at the genus level (Matsuda and Takamatsu 2003;Takamatsu et al. 2013), the G. biocellatus complex (Scholler et al. 2016), G. chrysanthemi and allied species on Asteraceae (Bradshaw et al. 2017), G. cynoglossi complex on Boraginaceae (Braun et al. 2018), the plurivorous G. orontii complex (Braun et al. 2019b), the G. ambrosiae, G. circumfusus and G. spadiceus complex on composites, including G. latisporium on Helianthus spp. (Qiu et al. 2020); (4) Neoerysiphe -phylogenetic revision at genus level Takamatsu et al. 2008a;(5) Phyllactinia -phylogeny at the genus level (Takamatsu et al. 2008b; and (6) Podosphaera -the phylogeny of species on rosaceous hosts , of sect. ...
Powdery mildew diseases on crops and ornamental plants are common and cause significant economic losses, by reducing the yield and quality of crops and downgrading the value of ornamentals. In surveys published annually in the Canadian Plant Disease Survey, powdery mildews were reported frequently. In recent years, the taxonomy of powdery mildew fungi has changed tremendously as the result of the increased application of molecular phylogenetic analyses. Several generic concepts have been re-adjusted. Many traditionally considered species turned out to be a complex of several phylogenetic species. In order to facilitate effective communication in the scientific community, it is important to apply the current correct names for field identifications. In this document, we summarize the powdery mildew fungi reported in the Canadian Plant Disease Survey from 2000 to 2019, address the taxonomic and nomenclatural issues associated with the listed species, and tentatively suggest correct names based on host plants wherever possible. Nevertheless, a reliable identification of the powdery mildew must depend on DNA sequence analyses and morphological examinations.
... Pastirčáková et al. (2016) studied the phylogeny of Erysiphe on Papaveraceae. Bradshaw et al. (2017) disentangled the phylogenetic position of Euoidium chrysanthemi and introduced the new combination Golovinomyces chrysanthemi. Braun et al. (2018) split the G. cynoglossi complex into several species. ...
The phylogeny and taxonomy of several powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae) have been examined. Sequences of the rDNA ITS
region retrieved from several collections of Erysiphe spp. belonging to the E. aquilegiae complex (cluster) and collected on new
hosts are listed and discussed, including a critical assessment of the phylogenetic-taxonomic interpretation of this complex.
Based on results of sequence analyses, E. tortilis proved to pertain to this complex as well. This species is epitypified, which is
supplemented with an ex-epitype reference sequence. The phylogeny and taxonomy of the powdery mildew on Manihot esculenta
(cassava, manioc), which is widespread and common wherever this tuber crop is cultivated, has been examined. Morphological
re-examinations and phylogenetic analyses of collections from Argentina and Brazil revealed that this powdery mildew
belongs to the genus Erysiphe, phylogenetically included in the E. trifoliorum complex. The new combination Erysiphe manihoticola
is introduced for this powdery mildew. Based on the re-examination of type material, it has become clear that the name
Oidium manihotis, which was used in the past for this powdery mildew, is not conspecific with E. manihoticola and most likely
not congeneric with Erysiphe. On the basis of sequences retrieved from type material of Erysiphe baptisiae and a North American
collection on Baptisia, we reveal that E. baptisiae has to be reduced to synonymy with E. guarinonii. Erysiphe euonymicola on
Euonymus fortunei is recorded from North America for the first time.
The identity of Golovinomyces on Cynara and Echinops in North America is discussed. Type material of Golovinomyces echinopis
has been sequenced, and G. montagnei is epitypified with a collection from Germany, which is supplemented by ex-epitype
sequence data. Based on morphological analyses and a comparison of sequence data with ex-holotype sequences, North American
powdery mildew collections on Echinops could be confirmed to belong to G. echinopis. However, a North American powdery
mildew collection on Cynara cardunculus turned out to be close to G. depressus and not, as expected, to G. montagnei. Golovinomyces
verbenae, described from North America, is epitypified with ex-epitype sequence data, and G. glandulariae, recently described
from Australia, is reduced to synonymy with G. verbenae.
The phylogenetic positions of Podosphaera physocarpi and P. spiraeae-douglasii have been revealed on the basis of collections
from North America and Germany (the first record for Germany and the second for Europe of P. physocarpi), including the
first descriptions, pictures and illustrations of the asexual morphs for both of these species. Furthermore, Podosphaera prunicola
is epitypified.
... Purified amplicons were sent to Eurofins (Luxembourg) to be directly sequenced in both the forward and reverse direction using the primer pairs above. In Germany, sequences were obtained as described by Bradshaw et al. (2017). Whole-cell DNA was extracted from infected leaves with the DNeasy plant mini kit (Qiagen, Germany), following the manufacturers protocol. ...
The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews, belonging to the genus Erysiphe, on Lonicera species
throughout the world are examined and discussed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that sequences retrieved from
Erysiphe lonicerae, a widespread powdery mildew species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere on a wide range of
Lonicera spp., constitutes a complex of two separate species, viz., E. lonicerae (s. str.) and Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov.
Erysiphe lonicerae occurs on Lonicera spp. belonging to Lonicera subgen. Lonicera (= subgen. Caprifolium and subgen.
Periclymenum), as well as L. japonica. Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov. occurs on Lonicera spp. of Lonicera subgen.
Chamaecerasus. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have also revealed that Microsphaera caprifoliacearum (≡
Erysiphe caprifoliacearum) should be reduced to synonymy with E. lonicerae (s. str.). Additionally, Erysiphe lonicerina sp.
nov. on Lonicera japonica in Japan is described and the new name Erysiphe flexibilis, based on Microsphaera lonicerae
var. flexuosa, is introduced. The phylogeny of Erysiphe ehrenbergii and E. lonicerae as well as other Erysiphe species on
honeysuckle is discussed, and a survey of all species, including a key to the species concerned, is provided.
... nov., specifically G. asterum with three varieties: asterum, moroczkovskii, solidaginis (on Aster, Solidago), as well as G. circumfusus (on Asteraceae/ Eupatoriae), G. franseriae (on Franseria), G. inulae (on Asteraceae/Inuleae), G. macrocarpus (on Asteraceae/ Anthemideae), G. montagnei (on Asteraceae/ Carduoideae), G. poonaensis (on Goniocaulon), G. prenanthis (on Prenanthes), G. senecionis (on Asteraceae/Senecioneae), and G. spadiceus (Asteraceae/Heliantheae). Later, G. chrysanthemi for powdery mildew on Chrysanthemum × morifolium was introduced by Bradshaw et al. (2017). ...
Powdery mildews on the Asteraceae family were surveyed during 2007–2015 in the Czech Republic with the aim to increase our knowledge about occurrence, morphological characteristics and host specificity of powdery mildews on this family. In total, 32 host species with symptoms of powdery mildew were collected, and the fungal species were identified based on microscopic observations. These showed great variability in their morphological characteristics. Our study confirmed the high host specificity of powdery mildew species to their original hosts. A deeper knowledge of the taxonomy of the Asteraceae has brought substantial changes in the delimitation of powdery mildew species. In particular, delimitation of the three varieties of Golovinomyces asterum was studied and discussed.
... Golovinomyces is characterized by having chasmothecia with mycelioid appendages, several, mostly 2spored asci, an asexual morph with catenescent conidia that lack fibrosin bodies, and mostly nipple-shaped appressoria. Golovinomyces currently encompasses 57 species and 5 varieties [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. Erysiphe cichoracearum [14] included nearly all of the species that are now assigned to Golovinomyces. ...
Background:
Previous phylogenetic analyses of species within the genus Golovinomyces (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequence data, revealed a co-evolutionary relationship between powdery mildew species and hosts of certain tribes of the plant family Asteraceae. Golovinomyces growing on host plants belonging to the Heliantheae formed a single lineage, comprised of a morphologically differentiated complex of species, which included G. ambrosiae, G. circumfusus, and G. spadiceus. However, the lineage also encompassed sequences retrieved from Golovinomyces specimens on other Asteraceae tribes as well as other plant families, suggesting the involvement of a plurivorous species. A multilocus phylogenetic examination of this complex, using ITS, 28S, IGS (intergenic spacer), TUB2 (beta-tubulin), and CHS1 (chitin synthase I) sequence data was carried out to clarify the discrepancies between ITS and 28S rDNA sequence data and morphological differences. Furthermore, the circumscription of species and their host ranges were emended.
Results:
The phylogenetic and morphological analyses conducted in this study revealed three distinct species named, viz., (1) G. ambrosiae emend. (including G. spadiceus), a plurivorous species that occurs on a multitude of hosts including, Ambrosia spp., multiple species of the Heliantheae and plant species of other tribes of Asteraceae including the Asian species of Eupatorium; (2) G. latisporus comb. nov. (≡ Oidium latisporum), the closely related, but morphologically distinct species confined to hosts of the Heliantheae genera Helianthus, Zinnia, and most likely Rudbeckia; and (3) G. circumfusus confined to Eupatorium cannabinum in Europe.
Conclusions:
The present results provide strong evidence that the combination of multi-locus phylogeny and morphological analysis is an effective way to identify species in the genus Golovinomyces.
... In order to confirm the identify of hemp PM isolates 19001 and 19002, the 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified using the primers PM5G/ NLP2 for the 39 half of the ITS and 28S, and ITS5/PM6G for the 59 half of the ITS (Bradshaw et al. 2017). Primer sequences are relisted ...
In the recent decade, agricultural production of both hemp (Cannabis sativa) and hop (Humulus lupulus) has expanded throughout the Pacific Northwest, Midwest, and Eastern United States to support the growing industries for which these plants are key components. The significant and rapidly expanding overlap of production regions of these two Cannabaceae plant family members creates a potential dispersal route for organisms that are pathogenic to both hosts. Powdery mildew is a disease of high economic impact in both hemp and hop production systems, yet it was largely unknown whether the powdery mildew fungi commonly associated with hemp could also be pathogenic on hop, and vice versa. We isolated Golovinomyces spadiceus growing upon hemp in New York production greenhouses and Podosphaera macularis from feral hop (H. japonicus) plantings also in New York. Herein, we report the pathogenicity of P. macularis associated with hop to C. sativa cultivars ‘Anka’ and ‘Wild Horse’ and pathogenicity of G. spadiceus toward hop. The potential for P. macularis to establish, produce viable, infectious conidia, and undergo sexual recombination on hemp could complicate efforts to exclude the MAT1-2 mating type of P. macularis from western North America and could facilitate the spread of races pathogenic toward ‘Cascade’ hop, and hop cultivars with R6-based resistance to P. macularis, including ‘Nugget’. Further assessment of the pathogenicity of diverse P. macularis isolates, in both geographic origin and the range of hop species, is necessary to better understand the dispersal risk of P. macularis on hemp.
