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The vehicular illumination system has undergone considerable technological advances in recent decades such as the use of a
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS), which represents an industry breakthrough in lighting technology
and is rapidly becoming one of the most important innovative technologies around the world in the...
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The vehicular illumination system has had, in the past decades, huge technological advances such as the use of a light emitting diode (LED) adaptive front-lighting system (AFS), which represents an industry breakthrough in lighting technology and is rapidly becoming one of the most important innovative technologies around the world in the lighting...
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Citations
... 48 The study concluded that the fuzzy controller excellently executed the parameters set for control. In another study, Lukacs et al. 49 presented adaptive front light system (AFS) control alternatives using fuzzy logic (types 1 and 2) to determine operating parameters, considering road conditions in the state of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. The fuzzy logic control technique, or modeling strategy, proved valuable when making multi-parameter decisions or decisions based on human knowledge. ...
The automotive headlight stands out as a critical vehicle component, particularly emphasized during nighttime driving. The high beam, designed for optimal driver visibility on long-distance roads, traditionally relies on manual control by the driver. However, this manual control poses challenges, particularly when the high beam light temporarily blinds oncoming drivers. The resultant dazzle for drivers of opposing vehicles is a significant concern. In response to these issues, there is a growing demand for adaptive and intelligent headlights that can autonomously adjust beam intensity. The intelligent headlight system takes on the responsibility of modifying the beam intensities without requiring explicit input from the drivers. This study aims to systematically review various approaches to controlling intelligent headlight beam intensity. The paper identifies four prominent approaches to intelligent headlight beam intensity control, recognized as widely used techniques. Furthermore, the study uncovers intriguing connections between some of these intensity control approaches. A survey on utilization rates indicates that sensor-based and machine learning (ML)-based intensity control approaches are the most commonly employed methods by automotive headlight designers. The paper concludes by providing insights into the future prospects of intelligent headlight technology, offering guidance for future researchers in this field.
... LED lighting is used in industry for complex manufacturing operations. LED adaptive systems are making a breakthrough in lighting technology in the industry and are quickly becoming one of the most important innovative technologies endorsed by the lighting community [5]. Optical exploration methods in geophysics serve to change traditional geographic approaches [6]. ...
It is impossible to effectively use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in medicine and telecommunication systems without knowing their main characteristics, the most important of them being efficiency. Reliable measurement of LED efficiency holds particular significance for mass production automation. The method for measuring LED efficiency consists in comparing two cooling curves of the LED crystal obtained after exposure to short current pulses of positive and negative polarities. The measurement results are adversely affected by noise in the electrical measuring circuit. The widely used instrumental noise suppression filters, as well as classical digital infinite impulse response (IIR), finite impulse response (FIR) filters, and adaptive filters fail to yield satisfactory results. Unlike adaptive filters, blind methods do not require a special reference signal, which makes them more promising for removing noise and reconstructing the waveform when measuring the efficiency of LEDs. The article suggests a method for sequential blind signal extraction based on a cascading neural network. Statistical analysis of signal and noise values has revealed that the signal and the noise have different forms of the probability density function (PDF). Therefore, it is preferable to use high-order statistical moments characterizing the shape of the PDF for signal extraction. Generalized statistical moments were used as an objective function for optimization of neural network parameters, namely, generalized skewness and generalized kurtosis. The order of the generalized moments was chosen according to the criterion of the maximum Mahalanobis distance. The proposed method has made it possible to implement a multi-temporal comparison of the crystal cooling curves for measuring LED efficiency.
... A fuzzy model can be built-up directly through expertise from human reasoning which can be expressed by a set of heuristic rules quantified according to fuzzy set theory (Wang, Ruan, & Kerre, 2009). Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) have many advantages such as simplicity, robustness, nonlinear behavior and adaptability (Lukacs et al., 2011;Mendel, 2001). ...
The intensification of air traffic worldwide has increased the complexity of the control operations and the search for alternatives to support decision-making in this sector. This paper presents two fuzzy models, structured according to Mamdani, for the control of conflict in the air traffic route, based on the manipulation of the longitudinal speed of the aircraft, considering the rules set out by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Both fuzzy models work jointly following a dynamic approach. The first model proposes a metric to quantify the longitudinal conflict levels between two aircraft in the same direction (located in the same airway) and the second model provides the longitudinal acceleration of the aircraft based on the level of conflict detected. The results show that the proposed approach is able to detect and remove longitudinal conflicts in advance, providing a potential tool to support decision-making and to improve the safety and the optimized use of airspace.
... He k + Figure 6 The principle of the preview control of the headlamp bending angle According to the preview control algorithm [20] of the headlamp bending angle, AFS control unit is established, main modules include: preview control algorithm module, stepper motor module, feedback correction module and fuzzy module [21][22][23][24] . ...
Due to the time-lag of both the mechanical transmission and controller area network (CAN) bus transmission of the Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS), the actual bending angle of AFS invariably lags behind the steering-wheel angle, which not only makes the real-time response speed of the AFS system slow, but also makes the system stability and the active safety of the vehicle poor.
To solve the problem, firstly, the geometrical relations among safety braking distance and the rate of steering-wheel angle and turning radius of the vehicle are analyzed. Secondly, the mathematics model among these variables has been set up. Finally, in order to improve the road illumination of the curve, the control method of bending mode of AFS system based on preview control is proposed. Based on preview control algorithm, the simulation model of the AFS has been built as well as the AFS control experiment platform. After the comparison between preview control and servo control, it can be proved that the preview control method proposed is superior to traditional servo control in AFS system.
... In the process of designing traffic controller systems, different parameters are used as inputs to the system. For example, the input parameters can be traffic density, traffic flow, vehicle speed, entering a special car (police car, ambulance and fire), passerby crossing from the intersection and etc [4][5][6]. In this paper, several parameters were used as inputs in the designed intelligent system including the number of vehicles in the intersection of roads that these values can be obtained from sensors at intersections or images processing of traffic, entering special machines to intersection that their presence can be achieved with image processing, GPS or the alarm sound, passerbys attempting to cross the intersection in different directions that these directions are determined by a special key. ...
In order to manage the traffic at the intersection, the traffic lights are often used. These lights are turned on and off at the predetermined time. Intelligent traffic control systems are designed to dynamically treat the problem of traffic and reduce traffic, pollution and transit time of vehicles at the intersection. In this paper we present a design of intelligent traffic control based on fuzzy logic. The input parameters for intelligent controller are selected with the various modes of intersections to be a true simulation of the intersection environment. In order to facilitate the hardware implementation and increasing the computational speed decision algorithm state machine in this system is written in Verilog language and has capability to implement in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The simulation results show that the proposed traffic signal controller system (that has been) designed with fuzzy logic has better performance than other designed systems.
... Metalumen will be designing their products to meet the customer's requirements and will therefore have control over the products' specifications and will allow them to utilize the customization capabilities that they are renowned for. In this same sense, they will have full control of their own processes and will be able to ensure that the quality of their product and the customer service that goes along with it is up to their domestic standards (Lukacs et al. 2011). ...
Metalumen, a Guelph-based lighting solutions manufacturer, is considering the Brazilian market. For Canadian companies, the Brazilian market is not only difficult to enter, but it is also difficult to understand. In this paper, a strategy for Metalumen to enter the Brazilian market is explored. Based on a review of the literature, segmentation, mode of entry and distribution strategies are suggested. Data was also collected by a group who went to Sao Paolo to validate assumptions onsite. The paper suggests that Metalumen, will have the greatest success in entering the market using a Strategic International Alliance (SIA) strategy. Other dimensions of international marketing in Brazil are also presented.
The article presents an analysis of the construction of CHMSL (Centre High-Mounted Stop Lamp) car lamps and a study of the influence of individual components on the photometric parameters (light intensity). The authors have conducted a detailed study of the various design elements and the impact of their settings on each photometric parameter of the tested lamp. There is also a presentation of research results on the impact of plastic injection technologies used to manufacture the lamp, such as holding pressure, holding time and injection speed, on the photometric parameters of the CHMSL lamp's optical system.
We fabricated QD–silica–Au NC hybrid spheres, in which the solid silica core contained QDs while the mesostructured silica shell contained Au NCs, by a two-step synthesis procedure. The hybrid spheres were further characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis to confirm the formation of the ternary hybrid structure. The as-prepared ternary hybrid spheres showed an interesting fluorescence spectrum variation and further could be developed as a precursor for fabricating multicolor fluorescence bar codes by using L-cysteine (L-Cys) as an effective post-encoding adjuster. A small variation of the concentration of L-Cys led to a prominent change of the precursor's fluorescence intensity ratio, which could correspond to a series of distinguishable multicolor fluorescent bar codes. Furthermore, the multicolour fluorescence bar codes fabricated by the post-encoding method showed excellent non-reversibility, batch-to-batch reproducibility of the intensity ratios, photophysical and thermal stability properties and anti-interference capabilities, which are important virtues for them to be used in high-throughput bio-labelling and imaging.
