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Germination percentage, mean germination time and germination index of control and primed seeds of sugar beet with the combination of different times, concentrations and priming agents
Source publication
Low soil temperature causes delayed and unsynchronized germination, emergence, and seedling growth, which increases the probability of seedling diseases and weed infestation during stand establishment of sugar beet. In this study, different seed priming methods (control, hydration, aerated hydration, preconditioning, GA3, KNO3, and kinetin) were ex...
Context in source publication
Citations
... In our previous study, salt priming enhanced low-temperature stress tolerance by maintaining photosynthetic electron transport and photosynthetic carbon assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and also significantly increased wheat catalase (CAT) activity, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and reduced ROS levels in plants Liu et al., 2022). However, most of the current research in cross tolerance has focused on seed priming and little attention has been paid to the sugar beet as a halophyte (Kaya and Kulan, 2020). The ancestor of Beta vulgaris L. is Beta vulgaris ssp. ...
... In these areas, low temperature is a common abiotic stress in plant growth and development, which is one of the main environmental factors that limits crop yield and geographical distribution . During the vegetation period, the production of sugar beet is limited by late-spring frost and early autumn snow (Kaya and Kulan 2020). In particular, when seeds or seedlings were exposed to freezing temperatures at early developmental stages, the germination rate, survival rate and sucrose yield are severely restricted (Moliterni et al. 2015). ...
Background
Low temperature, which is one of the main environmental factors that limits geographical distribution and sucrose yield, is a common abiotic stress during the growth and development of sugar beet. As a regulatory hub of plant response to abiotic stress, activity in the chloroplasts is related to many molecular and physiological processes, particularly in response to low temperature stress.
Results
The contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrical conductivity (REL), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. The results showed that sugar beet could manage low temperature stress by regulating the levels of Chl, REL and MDA, and the activity of SOD. The physiological responses indicated that sugar beets respond positively to low temperature treatments and are not significantly damaged. Moreover, to determine the precise time to response low temperature in sugar beet, well-known abiotic stresses-responsive transcript factor family, namely DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN ( DREB ), was selected as the marker gene. The results of phylogenetic analyses showed that BvDREBA1 and BvDREBA4 were in the same branch as the cold- and drought-responsive AtDREB gene. In addition, the expression of BvDREB s reached its maximum level at 24 h after low temperature by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, the changes in chloroplast proteome after low temperature at 24 h were detected using a label-free technique. A total of 416 differentially expressed proteins were identified. GO enrichment analysis showed that 16 GO terms were significantly enriched, particularly chloroplast stroma, chloroplast envelope, and chloroplast thylakoid membrane. It is notable that the transport of photosynthetic proteins (BvLTD and BvTOC100), the formation of starch granules (BvPU1, BvISA3, and BvGWD3) and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (BvCu/Zn-SOD, BvCAT, BvPrx, and BvTrx) were the pathways used by sugar beets to respond to low temperatures at an early stage.
Conclusions
These results provide a preliminarily analysis of how chloroplasts of sugar beet respond to low temperature stress at the translational level and provide a theoretical basis for breeding low temperature resistant varieties of sugar beet.
... It is a technique to control the water uptake process followed by re-drying, which allows the seeds to absorb water and induce enzymatic activities responsible for germination, but does not allow the seeds to actually germinate (Kaya, 2008;Ergin et al., 2021;Awasthi et al., 2022). Hydration and various substances such as gibberellic acid, kinetin, potassium nitrate and polyethylene glycol have been used to promote germination and seedling growth of seeds of several crop plants (Kaya et al., 2006;Draganić and Lekić, 2012;Kaya and Kulan, 2020;Shokouhian and Omidi, 2021). Our study concentrated on overcoming the germination inability of wild-sourced castor bean seeds by removing the caruncle and priming with different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ). ...
In this study, we focused on overcoming germination inability in wild castor bean by treatment with different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ). The caruncle of mature seeds of wild castor bean, collected from natural habitats in Türkiye, were removed at the seed tip. Seeds with or without caruncle were immersed in GA 3 and KNO 3 at concentrations of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. Germination and seedling growth parameters were evaluated. Removing the caruncle from the seeds significantly improved germination (from 14.7 to 73.5%) and seedling growth characteristics. Application of KNO 3 to the seeds without caruncle shortened mean germination time. GA 3 promoted root elongation, but shoot growth was induced by KNO 3 . Hydration had a stimulative effect on seedling fresh weight and dry matter, while the highest vigour index was identified in seeds primed with GA 3 . The beneficial effects of KNO 3 and GA 3 were maximal when treated with 500 ppm and 1000 ppm, respectively, while higher germination and better seedling growth were obtained from hydration compared to KNO 3 . It is suggested that the presence of the caruncle restricts germination and 1000 ppm GA 3 acts as a germination promotor in wild castor bean seeds.
... Several researchers have reported that germination percentages decreased as the seeds were aged in soybean (Rastegar et al. 2011), in sunflower (Balešević-Tubić et al. 2012Kapilan and Thiagarajah, 2015), in maize (Chimwemwe et al. 2018), in groundnut (Sastry et al. 2007), in safflower (Godakahriz et al. 2012Önder et al. 2020) and in rapeseed (Malek et al. 2019). However, it was reported that the decrease in the germination percentage due to aging was partially prevented by priming applications (Kaya and Kulan, 2020). Shorter mean germination time was determined in GA3 than in KNO3 and unprimed seeds needed more germination time than primed seeds. ...
... However, early seedling growth of seeds with reduced viability or exposed to stress conditions could be enhanced by priming applications. Kaya and Kulan (2020) determined that priming applications such as hydration, KNO3, kinetin, and GA3 improved the seedling growth in sugar beet. Kathiresan et al. (1984) and Wahid et al. (2008) indicated that the development of sunflower seedlings increased with priming applications. ...
This research was aimed to investigate the improvement of germination and seedling growth performance in naturally aged sunflower seeds by priming with GA3 and KNO3. The seeds of sunflower hybrid variety Meteor CL stored for 3 years under room conditions with germination percentage of 61% were primed for 16 h with different concentrations (hydration, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) of GA3 and KNO3. Unprimed seeds were used as control. Germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weight, vigor index and dry matter rate were measured. The results showed that seed priming enhanced germination percentage and germination index of aged seeds. Mean germination time was shortened by treatments of hydration, GA3 and KNO3. Germination index was apparently improved by seed priming. Root length, shoot length, seedling fresh weight and vigor index were increased by GA3, KNO3 and hydration. GA3 was found to be a more effective agent in improving germination and seedling growth than KNO3, while hydration gave sufficient germination without using any chemical priming agent. The effective doses of GA3 and KNO3 were 500 ppm and 1000 ppm, respectively, but hydration showed better germination and seedling growth than KNO3. It was concluded that 500 ppm of GA3 should be advised for improvement in germination and seedling performance of naturally aged sunflower seeds.
... Several researchers have reported that germination percentages decreased as the seeds were aged in soybean (Rastegar et al. 2011), in sunflower (Balešević-Tubić et al. 2012;Kapilan and Thiagarajah, 2015), in maize (Chimwemwe et al. 2018), in groundnut (Sastry et al. 2007), in safflower (Godakahriz et al. 2012Önder et al. 2020) and in rapeseed (Malek et al. 2019). However, it was reported that the decrease in the germination percentage due to aging was partially prevented by priming applications (Kaya and Kulan, 2020). Shorter mean germination time was determined in GA3 than in KNO3 and unprimed seeds needed more germination time than primed seeds. ...
... However, early seedling growth of seeds with reduced viability or exposed to stress conditions could be enhanced by priming applications. Kaya and Kulan (2020) determined that priming applications such as hydration, KNO3, kinetin, and GA3 improved the seedling growth in sugar beet. Kathiresan et al. (1984) and Wahid et al. (2008) indicated that the development of sunflower seedlings increased with priming applications. ...
Aristoteles’e göre erdemler, iç iyiler ve dış iyiler olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. İç iyilerin en değerlisi bilgidir. Dış iyilerin en değerlisi ise dostluktur. Aristoteles’e göre dostluk bir erdemdir. Çünkü dostluk sosyal yaşam için zorunlu bir unsurdur. Bütün öteki iyilere sahip olsa bile hiç kimse dostlardan uzak bir yaşamı düşünemez. Çünkü doğası gereği insan ister zengin olsun ister fakir her durumunu paylaşacağı dostlara ihtiyaç duyan sosyal bir canlıdır. Sosyal yaşam ise ancak iyilik üzerine kurulabilir. İyilik düzeni de ancak iyilerin birlik ve beraberliği ile mümkündür ki bu da dostluğu erdem kılan temel nedendir. Birlik ve beraberlik hem kendileri iyiliktir hem de iyilikleri daha iyi ve daha çok yapmanın; çoğaltmanın yegâne yoludur. O halde, yalnızca bireyleri birbirine yakınlaştırıp bir arada tutmakla kalmayan dostluk olgusu, devletlerin de ayakta kalmasını sağlayan temel bir dinamiktir. Bu nedenle yasa koyucular adaletten daha çok dostluk üzerinde dururlar. Çünkü dostluk fikir birliği demektir, uzlaşım ve uylaşım sanatı demektir. Bu nedenle dostlar arasında adalete dahi gerek duyulmayabilir ama adil olanlar dostluğa her zaman gereksinim duyarlar. Çünkü, dostluk birbirinden uzak kuvvetler, farklı dünyalar; boyutlar ve perspektifler arasında bir denge sanatı demektir.
Aristoteles’e göre dostluk ne yarara ne hazza dayanır; aslolan erdeme dayalı dostluklardır. Çünkü, bir toplumda ancak böylesi dostluklar sayesinde iyilik, fazilet, onur, eleştirel düşünce ve felsefe gibi yüksek değerler yerleşebilir. Ne yazık ki böylesi yüksek ve ulvi düşüncelere sahip insan sayısı her zaman azınlıkta kalmaktadır. Çünkü bu bilgiyi araştırıp uygulayabilecek erdem sahibi insan sayısı son derece azdır. Bu bulgu ayrıca şu hususu da göstermektedir ki, genel bir dostluk anlayışından söz etmek mümkün değildir. O halde, öncelikle yapılması gereken gerçek dostluğun ne olduğunu ortaya koymaktan geçmektedir.
... © 2021 Global Journals Version I [32] found that pre-GA application to sugarcane seeds increased the length and weight values. In our study, radicular and plumula lengths increased with GA+E application compared to E application. ...
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of gibberellic acid (GA), alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) on germination in maize seeds. The seeds were subjected to priming with 250 ppm GA, 300 ppm alpha-tocopherol, 100 ppm ascorbic acid for 24 h. The seeds which has grown at 25°C and 60% mousture, germination rate, germination duration, germination speed, germination index, length of radicle and plumula, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, protein content and catalase enzyme activity were determined after 7 days. The results clearly revealed that GA application has an positive effects on the physiological and biochemical parameters in maize seeds. Otherwise, Vitamin E has a positive effect on germination whereas Vitamin C has a negative effects depending on the application dose. The results of GA and E applications were significiant but others were not. TheEffectsofPretreatmentofGiberellicAcidAlphaTocopherolandAscorbicAcidonGerminationinMaizeSeeds Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Abstract-The present study was conducted to determine the effects of gibberellic acid (GA), alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) on germination in maize seeds. The seeds were subjected to priming with 250 ppm GA, 300 ppm alpha-tocopherol, 100 ppm ascorbic acid for 24 h. The seeds which has grown at 25°C and 60 % mousture, germination rate, germination duration, germination speed, germination index, length of radicle and plumula, fresh and dry weight, relative water content, protein content and catalase enzyme activity were determined after 7 days. The results clearly revealed that GA application has an positive effects on the physiological and biochemical parameters in maize seeds. Otherwise, Vitamin E has a positive effect on germination whereas Vitamin C has a negative effects depending on the application dose. The results of GA and E applications were significiant but others were not.
Background: Low temperature, which is one of the main environmental factors that limits geographical distribution and sucrose yield, is a common abiotic stress during the growth and development of sugar beet. As a regulatory hub of plant response to abiotic stress, activity in the chloroplasts is related to many molecular and physiological processes, particularly in response to low temperature stress.
Results: The contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrical conductivity (REL), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. The results showed that sugar beet could manage low temperature stress by regulating the levels of Chl, REL and MDA, and the activity of SOD. The physiological responses indicated that sugar beets respond positively to low temperature treatments and are not significantly damaged. Moreover, to determine the precise time to response low temperature in sugar beet, well-known abiotic stresses-responsive transcript factor family, namely DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN (DREB), was selected as the marker gene. The results of phylogenetic analyses showed that BvDREBA1 and BvDREBA4 were in the same branch as the cold- and drought-responsive AtDREB gene. In addition, the expression of BvDREBs reached its maximum level at 24 h after low temperature by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, the changes in chloroplast proteome after low temperature at 24 h were detected using a label-free technique. A total of 416 differentially expressed proteins were identified. GO enrichment analysis showed that 16 GO terms were significantly enriched, particularly chloroplast stroma, chloroplast envelope, and chloroplast thylakoid membrane. It is notable that the transport of photosynthetic proteins (BvLTD, BvTOC100, and Toc-Tic complex), the formation of starch granules (BvPU1, BvISA3, and BvGWD3) and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (BvCu/Zn-SOD, BvCAT, BvPrx, and BvTrx) were the pathways used by sugar beets to respond to low temperatures at an early stage.
Conclusions: These results provide a preliminarily analysis of how chloroplasts of sugar beet respond to low temperature stress at the translational level and provide a theoretical basis for breeding low temperature resistant varieties of sugar beet.
