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Germination percentage and mean daily germination seed averages of the tested varieties in the absence of salinity
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Salinity is one of the major abiotic environmental stresses affecting plant crops. The present study was conducted at the regional lab of the National Seed and Plant Control and Certification Center (CNCC) of Sétif, Algeria. The purpose of this study was to assess the behavior of twenty bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under different s...
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... the absence of salinity, the germination percentage ranged from 78.4 to 97.6% (Fig. 1). This range may be attributed to the quality of seed used. According to the International Seed Testing Association rules (ISTA, 2019), seed with a germination percentage less than 85% is of quality. Seed quality is not only affected by the time between harvesting and sowing, but also by harvesting and storage conditions, including ...
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... for Mezghana (V 1 ), Arz (V 3 ), El Wifak (V 5 ), Anapo (V 7 ), Almirante (V 8 ), Sensas (V 18 ), Florence Aurore (V 19 ) and Painzon (V 20 ) genotypes, with an average estimate greater than 14 seeds day -1 . The lowest rates were observed in Djanet (V 4 ) and Boumerzoug (V 11 ) varieties with average estimates lower than 12.5 seeds day -1 (Fig. 1). These results exhibited a high relationship between the germination rate and daily germination mean, the more germination per day, the higher germination percentage (Fig. 1). These results are in agreement with the earlier reported findings of Aflaki et al. (2017). For growth parameters, the average extreme minimum and maximum values ...
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... estimate greater than 14 seeds day -1 . The lowest rates were observed in Djanet (V 4 ) and Boumerzoug (V 11 ) varieties with average estimates lower than 12.5 seeds day -1 (Fig. 1). These results exhibited a high relationship between the germination rate and daily germination mean, the more germination per day, the higher germination percentage (Fig. 1). These results are in agreement with the earlier reported findings of Aflaki et al. (2017). For growth parameters, the average extreme minimum and maximum values recorded vary according to the trait measured, the variety tested, and the level of stress employed as indicated by the results of the analysis of variance (Table 2). Averaged ...
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The halophytic wild relatives within Triticeae might provide valuable sources of salt tolerance for wheat breeding, and attempts to use these sources of tolerance have been made for improving salt tolerance in wheat by distant hybridization. A novel wheat substitution line of K17-1078-3 was developed using common wheat varieties of Chuannong16 (CN1...
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... This crop is an important component of farming systems integrating livestock and cereal production [1,2]. However, due to the increased demand for cereal products, especially wheat, cereals have to be grown even in stressful areas (arid and Saharan climate zones) where drought, often combined with salinity, represent the most limiting factor to crop production [3][4][5]. Most of these lands are located in arid and semi-arid areas, in North Africa, East Asia, Central Asia and South Asia [6]. ...
... The germination tests conducted, as per Fellahi et al. (2019) [4], adhere to a standardized protocol encompassing procedures for seed preparation, salt concentration gradients, and germination conditions. This systematic approach aimed at ensuring consistency and reliability in the experimental setup. ...
... Moreover, the genotype * stress interaction underscores the importance of considering the complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental stressors in shaping seedling growth responses. Our results contribute to several recent studies that emphasize the contribution of different genotypes, environments, and their interactions to the expression of wheat plants at early growth stage [4,[55][56][57]. ...
Wheat is a vital crop globally, essential for agriculture, economics, and food security. However, in arid and semi-arid conditions, wheat production faces significant challenges due to low water availability, uneven rainfall distribution, and high soil salinity. The germination and early seedling stages are particularly vulnerable to these stresses. Therefore, this study assessed 15 wheat genotypes for their tolerance to salinity stress during early growth stages, using a hydroponic system with four salt stress levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). Significant differences were observed for genotype and salinity main effects and their interaction on all investigated traits, indicating considerable variability in the response to salt stress among the investigated wheat cultivars. High NaCl concentrations led to substantial reductions in measured parameters across genotypes, with some showing resilience while others exhibited heightened sensitivity. Stress tolerance indices, such as mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI), were identified as reliable indicators for selecting salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Consequently, Sidi Okba (G11), Ziad (G12), Tamezghida (G13) and Zidane (G14) emerged as the most promising, displaying acceptable performance under both non-stress and salt-stress conditions. These genotypes could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at enhancing wheat's salinity tolerance, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.
... Around 30% of the agricultural lands are affected by salt stress [6], not only on irrigated areas [7], but also on non-irrigated fields due to the global climate change and other anthropogenic activities, reducing the growth and agricultural yield [8]. High salinity is caused predominantly by NaCl. As reviewed by many authors, under saline conditions water availability decreases causing osmotic stress, but ionic stress also occurs if the ion components of NaCl, especially Na + ions, reach a toxic level which affect many important life processes during germination and growth [9][10][11][12][13]. The nutritional imbalance disturbs the normal metabolism, cellular homeostasis, membrane functions, activities of several enzymes and hormonal balance. ...
... This might cause an inhibition of normal activities of enzymes responsible for nucleic acid and protein metabolism and deteriorates the food reserves of seeds [18]. Furthermore, low water potential and excess sodium ion accumulation often disturb the normal ion uptake and adequate metabolic processes of wheat plants [10,11,13]. All these often increase the level of reactive oxygen species, which disturb biomembrane structure and function thus all of the cellular homeostasis. ...
Salt stress is a stringent problem limiting germination and productivity of wheat all over the world, seed pretreatment can effectively induce salt tolerance. The present experiment conducted to investigate the germination, seedling and chemical parameters response of seven Hungarian wheat Landraces (Szentesi, Nyirádi, Kiszombori, Háromfai, Tapiószelei, Nagykállói and Szajlai) to seed soaking at four levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) i.e . control, 0.5,.0 and 1.5% subjected to five levels of salt stress (control, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 2.0 dSm ⁻¹ ). Treatments were arranged in Factorial Experimental based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Under non-saline and salt stress H 2 O 2 soaking significantly influenced all parameters. Soaking at 1.5% resulted the highest germination ability, seedling parameters, relative water content (RWC%), tolerance index (TI%) and potassium (K+ ppm) as well proline level in parallel with the lowest sodium content. However, wheat landraces responded differently to the treatments. Háromfai landrace came in the first rank followed by Tapiószelei, Kiszombori, Szajlai, Nyirádi, Szentesi and Nagykállói landraces. Háromfai landrace resulted the highest values of germination parameters, RWC, TI, K ⁺ and proline contents. At the same time, the maximum values of Na ⁺ content was detected in reverse order. Increasing salinity stress levels from 3.0 to 12.0 dSm ⁻¹ ’ significantly decreased all studied character except Na ⁺ which was increased as compared with control treatment. Therefore, pretreatment of seeds with 1.5 % of H 2 O 2 increased proline and K+ in contrast to the Na ⁺ content. These results suggest that H 2 O 2 pretreatment helps to increase seedlings growth of Háromfai landrace under high salt stress compared to the other examined wheat landraces.
... It is worth mentioning that the salt ion accumulation around the root zones had an immediate influence on the cellular growth and developments and connected metabolism processes (Munns & Tester, 2008). However, the root growth maintained by particular species or cultivars in extreme salt stress conditions could be noted as salt-tolerant (Fellahi et al., 2019). A previously similar phenomenon had investigated that at low salinity levels, fresh root weight showed enormous salt tolerance, while it reduced progressively with a gradual increase of salinity levels (Akbarimoghaddam et al., 2011). ...
Soil salinity, being world's gravest and increasing environmental threat, limits the
growth and development in nearly all crop plants. The experiment was laid out to
investigate the tomato local and exotic germplasm for morpho-physiological and
photosynthetic attributes under salinity stress (0 (control), 8 and 12 dS m−1). The phenotype data for morpho-physiological traits were collected; meanwhile, photosynthetic pigments were analysed also at seedling stage. Analysis of variance, interaction
plot, PCV and GCV revealed significantly greater diversity among all accessions for
subjecting attributes. Strikingly, principle component analysis (PCA) biplot and cluster
heatmap exposed potentially salt tolerant accessions (NAQEEB, BL1076, PBLA1401,
017859, TINY TIM, BL1174, BL1078, PBLA1932, TOMMY TOE, PAKIT and CLN2413)
under the highest level of salinity for β-carotene, lycopene contents, chlorophyll b,
carotenoids, pheophytin (b) and total pheophytin. The overall performance of the
above-mentioned accessions was found significant and exhibits tolerant attitude
under high salt levels. We suggest that these tolerant accessions might facilitate as a
potential source for further breeding programme to improve the agronomically important traits by exploiting both conventional as well as molecular breeding efforts.
... Salinity levels followed by genotype effect were found highly significant as sources of variance for all measured traits although the first source explained almost all the genetic variation observed in the evaluated plant material (Table 2). Aflaki et al. (2017) and Fellahi et al. (2019) also found that the salinity marked the major effect when compared to the genotype in spring wheat. ...
... The decrease in root and shoot development may be attributed to toxic effects of the higher salt stress intensity as well as unbalanced nutrient uptake by the seedlings. The results are in harmony with those of Yildirim et al. (2015) and Fellahi et al. (2019) who also showed that germination percentage, coleoptile, root and shoot length and fresh weights decreased in wheat varieties with increasing salinity level. These decreases are brought about by modification of ionic balance, water status, mineral nutrition, and carbon allocation and utilization as indicated by Munns and James (2003). ...
Salinity is one of the most abiotic stresses restricting wheat growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. This study was carried out to examine the effect of salt stress induced by sodium chloride (NaCl) at different concentration levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on seed germination rate, root length, roots number, coleoptile length, root and shoot fresh weights of eleven durum wheat varieties. The results revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the measured parameters. The increase in NaCl concentrations showed concomitant decrease in all morphological attributes, but varied depending on cultivars and levels of salinity. Seed germination rate and root length demonstrated a linear response to NaCl treatment, while significant linear and quadratic regression on salinity for roots number, coleoptile length, root and shoot fresh weights were observed. The cluster analysis based on Ward's method sequestrated the studied genotypes into three clusters. Seed germination rate and root length showed the lowest difference among the groups; and the remaining traits: roots number, coleoptile length, root and shoot fresh weights were the most indicative of salt-tolerance. Waha, Megress and GTA dur were the most tolerant genotypes that could be used as donors of choice in wheat breeding programs targeting the improvement of salinity tolerance during the seedling stage.
