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![Geranium bohemicum L. a. Habit; b. Cotyledons; c. Indumentum of the peduncle; d. Sepal; e. Petal; f. Staminal filament; g. Fruit; h-i. Mericarp; j. Seed. G. lanuginosum Lam. k. Cotyledons; l. Leaf; m. Petal; n. Seed. [a: Montserrat s.n. (MA359961); b, c: Aedo 2440 (MA-534865); d, e, f: Sesé 198.1312 (JACA-131292); g: Montserrat s.n. (MA-252442); h-j: López s.n. (MA213282); k-m: Montserrat s.n. (BC 99741); n: Fontes & al. 1115 (LISE-17735)].](profile/Marisa-Alarcon/publication/224772647/figure/fig8/AS:668927105445889@1536496058110/Geranium-bohemicum-L-a-Habit-b-Cotyledons-c-Indumentum-of-the-peduncle-d-Sepal.png)
Geranium bohemicum L. a. Habit; b. Cotyledons; c. Indumentum of the peduncle; d. Sepal; e. Petal; f. Staminal filament; g. Fruit; h-i. Mericarp; j. Seed. G. lanuginosum Lam. k. Cotyledons; l. Leaf; m. Petal; n. Seed. [a: Montserrat s.n. (MA359961); b, c: Aedo 2440 (MA-534865); d, e, f: Sesé 198.1312 (JACA-131292); g: Montserrat s.n. (MA-252442); h-j: López s.n. (MA213282); k-m: Montserrat s.n. (BC 99741); n: Fontes & al. 1115 (LISE-17735)].
Source publication
Geranium subsect. Mediterranea (Geraniaceae) consists of ten species. The highest diversity of the group is located in the Caucasus and neighbouring areas of Turkey and Iran, with five endemic species. Other species reach western Europe and northwestern Africa. In contrast to the current literature, we consider G. montanum and G. ibericum subsp. ju...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... caeruleum Moench, Methodus: 284. 1794, nom. illeg.-TYPE: CZECH REPUBLIC. Bohemia, Miller s.n. (lectotype: designated by Novoselova 1998: 150, LINN 585.69 colour slide!). Fig. 11. a narrowed apex, with patent, eglandular 0.5- 1.7 mm long, and patent glandular hairs 0.3- 0.7 mm long; stigmatic remains 0.8-2.2 mm long, with 5 hairy lobes. Seeds 2.8-4.4 3 1.5-2 mm, finely reticulate, brownish, mottled; hilum 1/6 as long as the perimeter. Cotyledons with a notch on each ...
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Citations
... Geraniaceae is widely distributed around the world and is generally localized in subtropical and temperate regions with five genera: Erodium L'Hér., California Aldasoro & C.Navarro & P.Vargas & L.Sáez & Aedo, Pelargonium L'Hér., Monsonia L., and Geranium L. Geranium is represented by almost 400 species and is localized in temperate areas and tropical elevations in many regions of the world except deserts, polar regions and tropical plains [1]. In currently accepted classification, genus is divided into three subgenera: subgen. ...
... Erodioidea (Picard) Yeo, [2]. In the following years, while the subgenera included in this classification are accepted, the sectional classification is reevaluated and new subsections were added as well [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. As its systematic situation is always in dispute, Geranium are excellent systems to use for determining diversification and speciation. ...
... Reiche, and Tuberosa (Boiss.) Reiche are distributed in Mediterranean region and western Asia [1,3,7]. ...
Abstract Chromosomal data and karyological relationships provides valuable contributions to understanding speciation and karyotypic phylogeny. Because of the large number of species, wide distribution, morphological differences and chromosomal variations, Geranium is an important genus for determining the relationship between chromosomal alterations and karyotypic phylogeny. In the present study, the chromosomal data of 38 taxa are provided, nine of which are given for the first time (G. eginense, G. gracile, G. ibericum subsp. jubatum, G. lasiopus, G. libani, G. libanoticum, G. petri-davisii, G. ponticum, G. psilostemon), five present new chromosome numbers (G. asphodeloides, G. ibericum subsp. ibericum, G. molle subsp. molle, G. pretense, G. rotundifolium), and 24 agree with previous reports. Eleven different diploid numbers (2n = 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 46, 48, 64, and 84) are detected. In basic numbers, infraspecific variations are encountered. The comprehensive variations of basic numbers and the relatively low rate of polyploid species showed in the present study promote the evolutionary significance of karyotype alterations by dysploidy mechanism. Regarding karyological relationships, G. sanguineum forms a monophyletic group by quite different karyological features, which are different basic number, diploid number, and karyotype sample and high ploidy level. Other clad consists of two subclades with a medium strong monophyletic group. In regression analyses, there are significant positive correlations between THL and 2n/ploidy levels. Asymmetry indices (CVCL and MCA) show weak positive correlations mainly caused by polyploidy. The most asymmetrical karyotypes are G. molle subsp. bruitium in intrachromosomal asymmetry and G. asphodeloides in interchromosomal asymmetry.
... Previous studies identified the center of diversity of the G. subsect. Tuberosa in Iran and Turkey (Aedo and Estrella 2006;Aedo et al. 2007;Esfandani-Bozchaloyi et al. 2018a, 2018b, 2018c, 2018d. The geranium genus has twenty-two to twentyfive species in Iran (Schonbeck-Temesy 1970;Onsori et al. 2010). ...
One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.
... cons.], includes about 350 species, distributed throughout most of the world except in lowland tropical areas (Aedo 2017a, Aedo & Pando 2017, and taxonomically divided into four subgenera (Yeo 1984, Aedo et al. 2007, Aedo 2017a: G. subgen. Geranium, the largest, comprising about 300 species, G. subgen. ...
Geranium lucarinii, a new species from central Italy (Umbria), is described. This species is morphologically closely related to G. macrorrhizum, from which it differs in some features regarding indumentum, leaves and calyx. The morphology, ecology, and conservation status of the new species are examined, as well as G. kikianum is re-evaluated, and an analytical key for the species belonging to Geranium sect. Unguiculata is provided.
... The present study demonstrates that without fire, richness decreases with time both at stand (Fig. 5b) and relevés scales (Fig. 6). Stand fire regimes should therefore be implemented at the landscape scale based on prescribed burning (Fernandes et al. 2013) to establish areas with short fire intervals to maintain diversity of fire ephemeral species such as Geranium bohemicum L. and G. lanuginosum Lam, which is maintained by fire (Risberg and Granström 2014) with a scattered distribution in the northern Mediterranean areas (Aedo et al. 2007). Additionally, other areas should be protected from fire to support species associated with old growth forests (e.g. ...
Changes in community diversity and dynamics after fires in Mediterranean ecosystems are rarely investigated more than a few years after the fire even though pronounced changes can be expected in the longer term due to substitution of canopy species. Pinus halepensis is strongly promoted by wildfire and should therefore be gradually substituted by Quercus species as the time since the last fire increases. We hypothesized that this tree substitution would cause changes in understorey plant diversity by changing resource availability and the abundance and properties of woody debris, leading to changes in biogeochemical processes. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of the time since last fire on vascular plant composition and diversity by studying a 130 years post-fire chronosequence in mixed Mediterranean forests. The canopy composition went from domination by Pinus halepensis to domination by Quercus 70 years after the most recent fire. This transformation was associated with a change in the understorey involving a rarefaction of species present during the first decades after the fire. The plant density or cover also changed with time since the last fire, indicating a succession driven by species rarefaction rather than substitution. The mean richness and Shannon diversity per quadrat were highest shortly after the fire, and were significantly lower 70 or more years after the last fire. Fires are important for supporting highly diversified fire-dependent plant communities, and total plant richness decreases monotonically over time after fires, suggesting that fire suppression may reduce diversity in Mediterranean forests.
... For scanning electron microscopy dry sepal and leaf were directly mounted on metallic stub using double adhesive tape and coated with gold for 6 minutes in sputtering chamber (BAL- TEC, SCDOOS) and observed under SEM. The terminology used in the present study are based previously published studies of Aedo et al. (2003Aedo et al. ( , 2005aAedo et al. ( , 2005bAedo et al. ( , 2007Aedo et al. ( , 2014Aedo et al. ( , 2017). For leaf-division the terminology of Yeo (1984) was used. ...
... Most recent treatments revealed that G. subgen. Geranium is the largest subgenus with over 370 species (in 10 sections) (Aedo et al. 2003, 2005a, 2005b, 2007, Aedo & Estrella 2006. Some of these sections have already been revised (Davis 1970, Carlquist & Bissing 1976), but further studies should be done to attain a satisfactorily knowledge of subg. ...
... Yeo (1984) indicated that G. subsect. Tuberosa was characterized by tuberose rootstock and palmatisect leaves and the highest diversity of the group is found at regions between Turkey and Iran (Aedo & Estrella 2006, Aedo et al. 2007. ...
Species identification is fundamentally important within the fields of biology, biogeography, ecology and conservation. The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) comprises about 430 species distributed throughout most parts of the world. According to the most recent treatments, subg. Geranium is the largest subgenus with over 370 species classified in ten sections. The subg. Geranium is represented in Iran by 13 species. These species are grouped 3 sections. In spite vast distribution of many Geranium species that grow in Iran, there are not any available report on their genetic diversity, mode of divergence and patterns of dispersal.
Therefore, we performed molecular (ISSR markers) and morphological studies of 102 accessions from 13 species of Geranium (subg. Geranium ) that were collected from different habitats in Iran. The aims of present study are: 1) can ISSR markers identify Geranium species, 2) what is the genetic structure of these taxa in Iran, and 3) to investigate the species inter-relationship? The present study revealed that combination of morphological and ISSR data can identify the species.
... Tuberosa que fue revisada taxonómicamente por Aedo & Estrella (2006) y la subsect. Mediterranea que lo fue por Aedo et al. (2007). Como consecuencia, la sistemática de este grupo quedaría como sigue: ...
Ajustes nomenclaturales en Geranium L. (Geraniaceae).
... The 19 species having SE-t are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and have been united in sect. Tuberosa (Aedo and Estrella, 2006;Aedo et al., 2007Aedo et al., , 1998bYeo, 1984). In SE-p the abscission line between the mericarp and columella is such that there remains a prong which retains the seed (Fig. 1H). ...
... The previous published phylogenetic studies in Geranium are limited in both taxonomic and geographic coverage, i.e., taxa from Hawaii (Kidd, 2005;Pax et al., 1997), New Zealand (Mitchell et al., 2009), and sect. Tuberosa (Aedo et al., 2007). Several studies have addressed the accelerated evolution of the chloroplast and mitochondrion, which are biparentally inherited in Geraniaceae (Guisinger et al., , 2011Harris and Ingram, 1991;Weng et al., 2014). ...
... Both diversification rate shifts are congruent with the independent evolution of SE syndrome in both clades (Fig. 2) and have coincided in time (about 5 Ma) and space (western Eurasia and the Mediterranean region; Fig. 5; for sect. Tuberosa, see DIVA analysis and Fig. 10 in Aedo et al., 2007). This hypothesis is also supported by our BiSSE and MuSSE results, showing that species possessing the SE syndrome speciated at higher rates than the other species (Fig. 6). ...
... The pollen morphology of Geraniaceae or some of its representatives have been studied by several researchers (Kuprianova and Alyoshina 1972, Moore and Webb 1978, El-Oqlah 1989, Stafford and Blackmore 1991. Recentely, Aedo et al. (2007) and Shehata (2008) have used the palynological data in their taxonomic revision of the genera Pelargonium and Geranium. Boukhris et al. (2013) performed a study of the essential oil composition, and trichomes distribution, morphology, and anatomy of the aerial organs of Pelargonium graveolens L., which is an aromatic and medicinal species originating from Sfax (Tunisia) ...
Citation: Başer B, Fırat M, Aziret A (2016) The pollen morphology of Pelargonium endlicherianum and Pelargonium quercetorum (Geraniaceae) in Turkey. PhytoKeys 75: 153–162. https://doi. Abstract The pollen morphology of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. and Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew. from the family Geraniaceae was examined under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen morphologies are eurypalynous. The pollen grains were tricolporate, prolate-spheroidal and large. Aperture was ectoaperture, colpus was short, and the pores were oblate-spheroidal and large. The exine ornamentations were striate-reticulate and the reticula were heterobrachate. The 2 species are invasive exotics in Turkey.
... The difficulty of preparing monographic treatments of large genera is well known (Frodin 2004) and applies to medium-sized genera as well. As part of an ongoing project to revise Geranium worldwide, the initial strategy was to review sections or subgenera that were well-characterized morphologically (Aedo 1996(Aedo , 2001(Aedo , 2003Aedo et al. 1998Aedo et al. , 2002Aedo et al. , 2003Aedo et al. , 2005aAedo et al. , 2005bAedo et al. , 2007. A complementary strategy has been to revise groups by geographical areas, for instance the species of the New World (Aedo 2012) and those of the Pacific area (Aedo, unpublished). ...
Geranium sect. Trilopha (Geraniaceae) consists of seven species: G. biuncinatum, G. brevipes, G. favosum, G. mascatense, G. ocellatum, G. trilophum, and G. yemense. The highest diversity of the group is located in Iran, the Arabian Peninsula, and adjacent regions of northeast Africa with five endemic species. One species occurs in the Himalayas and another is widespread in the mountains of tropical Africa. In contrast with current literature, we consider G. yemense to be a separate species from G. trilophum, and G. brevipes also to be separate from G. ocellatum. Micromorphological features of indumentum, pollen, mericarps and seeds were investigated by SEM. Two features are present in all species of the section and give strong support to this group: a) pollen with Erodium-type exine ornamentation (first reported here), and b) fruit with twisted rostrum. A new key is provided, as well as new and detailed descriptions. Each species is illustrated and mapped and five lectotypes are designated.
