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Geology map of the study area.
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2–D upward continuation of total magnetic field intensity data at Katsina area Northern Nigeria Basement Complex, aimed at identifying major regional features, has been carried out and interpreted in this study. The significance is to update the existing geology map of Nigeria and to guide further exploration studies in the area. Data for six aerom...
Citations
... Workers like Oyinloye, (2002Oyinloye, ( , 2007Oyinloye, ( , 2011 ;Obiora, (2006) ;Dada, (2006) ;Obaje, (2009); Akindele, (2011); Opara, et al., (2014) ;Ayodele, (2015); (Adeoti and Okonkwo, 2016) ;Haruna, (2017); Lawal et al., (2017); (Muhammad and Saad, 2018); (Bassey and Udinmwen, 2019)and Abdulkarim et al.,(2021), Ekeleme et al., 2023a-c, have also studied and classified most axes of the Basement Complex of Nigeria. Some aspects of the geology and geochemistry of the basement rocks of parts of north-central Nigeria have been studied by Onyeagocha, (1984Onyeagocha, ( , 1986, and Obiora and Ukaegbu, (2009). ...
The hydrogeology and groundwater potentials of Tabe and Environs in Gwagwalada Abuja Nigeria were carried out using lithologic logs of 7 boreholes, field measurement data, stream flow / meteorological data and hydrogeochemical data. 17 sampling points (7 boreholes and 10 hand-dug wells) were evaluated to establish the potential of groundwater in the area. Annual rainfall in the area is 800mm and 80%of it is lost through surface runoff and evapotranspiration while about 20% recharges the groundwater system. The area exhibits four aquifer systems from four distinct geologic lithologies-weathered layer aquifer, weathered/fractured or partly weathered aquifer; fractured aquifer and the Quaternary alluvium. Groundwater from the hand-dug wells is mainly from the upper unconfined aquifer with a maximum depth of about 25m, while the boreholes are completed either within the middle semi-confined aquifer 25-45m or the lower confined aquifer 45-65m (depth range of 0-65m). The computed aquifer parameters gave a mean hydraulic conductivity of 5.60 x10-1 m/day, a transmissivity of 28.32m 2 /day groundwater velocity of 2.43m/yr, groundwater discharge of 612.69m 3 /yr, a groundwater reserve of 1.01x10 10 m 3 which is capable of supporting a population of 1.4m for one year on an average of 220/l/day/head and a mean borehole yield of 20 m 3 /hr. Results of the hydrogeochemical analysis indicate that most of the water samples are within the WHO (2006) and the NIS (2007) drinking water quality standards. However isolated samples especially from the upper unconfined aquifer tested moderately hard to very hard (The study reveals that the Gwagwalada area (Tabe and environs) could be considered as a potential source of sustainable groundwater supply and also as a good alternative to the existing sources of supply. It would however require an improved waste management system and proper well completion methods to avoid surface contaminant migration to the groundwater.
... 1,2 Techniques are now available to acquire magnetic data on land, at sea and in air. [3][4][5][6][7] Cost effectiveness and high resolution obtained in ground magnetic surveys, especially for small scale investigations, have made it a very attractive tool for mineral prospecting, ground water and structural studies. [8][9][10][11] Various geophysical methods have been used previously to map possible locations of clay bricks in the study area. ...
Ground magnetic data were acquired, analysed and interpreted for shallow
archaeological investigation at Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia. The
objective is to locate buried archaeological remains, typically in form of baked clay bricks
in the surveyed area. Magnetic field intensity data were acquired using G-856 proton type
magnetometer at 1 m by 2 m grid spacing. During the data acquisition, suitable base
station was established 50 m away from the study area, to take readings at 1-min interval
for diurnal data correction and regional-residual separation. Residual field intensity
values obtained were in the range of –25 nT to 177 nT. The values were generally divided
into two main classes: low magnetic (< 38 nT), and high magnetic (> 38 nT). The data
were gridded and contoured using Oasis Montaj software to obtain the magnetic residual
field intensity map. The gridded data were reduced to magnetic equator to shift peaks of
anomaly over centres of magnetic source. Automatic gain control filter was thereafter
applied to enhance signal in regions of low field variation and to suppress signal in regions
with high field variation. The process revealed sharp anomalies interpreted as signatures
of baked clay bricks at the western and eastern parts of the area.
... Improved water supply which is Page 3 of 36 169 one of the essentials for a healthy living has been constrained by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities (Vijay et al. 2011;Qin et al. 2013;Chen et al. 2016;Chitsazan et al. 2019) and by lesser extent natural conditions (Izah et al. 2016;Makinde et al. 2017;Zadawa and Omran 2018). Characterization of groundwater in Nigeria, is further constrained by lack of data, especially from Basement Complex areas of northern Nigeria (Akinluyi et al. 2018;Olubusola et al. 2018;Oyedele and Olayinka 2019;Tajudeen et al. 2019), owing to difficulties associated with groundwater exploration and accessibility (Betzler et al. 2017;Muhammad and Saad 2018;Oyeyemi and Aizebeokhai 2018;Ahmed and Mansor 2018). ...
Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells < 5 m) and deep groundwater (boreholes > 40 m). Physical parameters (i.e., temperature, TDS, pH, and EC), were determined in situ, using handheld meters. Discrete water samples were obtained for determination of chemical parameters. Results from several-sample ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) suggested that heterogeneity in water table appeared to exert significant influence on groundwater chemistry which is characterized by a significant difference in pH, EC TH, Na⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, PO4³⁻, Cl⁻, HCO3⁻, SO4²⁻, and NO3⁻ concentrations. Also, ions including Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, PO4³⁻, and SO4²⁻ are above World Health Organization (2011) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007) reference guidelines. Most of the groundwater sources are moderately hard. Groundwater classification based on chloride, EC, and TDS revealed water of excellent quality for all types of uses. However, groundwater classification based on nitrate pollution revealed water of poor quality. Rock mineral is the major mechanism controlling water chemistry, as revealed by the Gibbs model. Most of the water sources have positive Scholler index, indicative of overall base exchange reactions in the underlying aquifers. Such condition was well explained by Piper trilinear diagram, which revealed two types of faces: Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–SO4–Cl. The HCA categorized wells into three groups according to their hydrogeochemical physiognomies. Despite the significant difference in ions concentration and chemical indices, groundwater composition is more influenced by rock weathering than anthropogenic inputs. Groundwater evaluation for irrigation use indicates a significant difference in SAR level which is related to poor permeability index in shallow groundwater. Higher values of Kelly’s index and magnesium adsorption ratio threatened groundwater suitability for irrigation use in the study area.
A detailed geologic mapping of various rock units around Pagadna (Tabe) in Gwagwalada area council of Abuja (Nigeria) was carried out on a scale of 1: 12,500. The area lies Paiko sheet 185 SE. The study is aimed at assessing the geology of the area and analyzing the rocks petrographically for the first time. Field observation and petrographic studies indicate that the rocks belong to the migmatite-gneiss complex of north central Nigerian Basement Complex. Major rock types are migmatite and migmatized gneisses, with the latter including the hornblende and epidote rich biotite gneisses of metagabbroic composition. Minor rock types include augen and calcic gneisses and metadiorite. Pegmatite, granitic and dioritic dykes and quartzo-feldspathic veins intrude the rocks. Petrographic and microprobe analyses of the rock samples showed the presence of rock forming minerals such as quartz, plagioclase (oligoclase, and andesine), subordinate K-feldspar (microcline, orthoclase), hornblende, biotite, epidote, pyroxene, muscovite and accessory zircon, calcite, allanite, titanite and opaque minerals. The opaque minerals reveal mostly magnetite± ilmenite, subordinate galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, rare gold and silver. The last two are currently being mined at the north western end of the study area. Structural features in the area include foliation, joints, folds and veins that generally trend NE-SW and NW-SE directions. The presence of "inherited zircon and sphene" in a good percentage of the migmatite and gneiss probably suggest an igneous parentage. Geochemical analysis of the rocks is suggested to determine the petrogenesis.
