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The upper Eocene Kuh-e Dom granitoids in Central Iran comprise mafic microgranular enclaves ranging from a few centimeters to meters in size. The spherical to ellipsoidal enclaves consist of diorite, quartz-diorite, monzodiorite and quartz-monzodiorite whereas the more felsic host intrusions mainly comprise monzogranite and granodiorite. Most encla...
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... Upper Eocene Kuh-e Dom composite intrusion (47 Ma, zircon U/Pb age, Hassanzadeh, unpublished data) forms an arc segment 110 km northeast of Ardestan (33°54 0 -34°10 0 N and 52°48 0 -52°54 0 E) where it covers an area of about 40 km 2 (Fig. ...
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... plutons intrude Paleozoic phyllites and schists on the western side, Cretaceous limestone on its southern side, and lower Eocene volcanic rocks on its eastern side of the arc segment (Fig. ...
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... is composed of monzogranite, grano- diorite, and locally quartz-monzonite and quartz monzodiorite, surrounded by a composite intrusive belt of gabbro, diorite, quartz-diorite, monzodiorite and monzonite. The intermediate-ba- sic rocks occur as discontinuous band with sharp contacts at the northern, southern and eastern margins of the felsic rocks (Fig. 1). Foliation was not observed in the study ...
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... The silicic ignimbrites investigated here form part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), a ~ 1800-2000-km-long and ~ 50-80-km-wide belt in Iran composed mainly of volcanic and intrusive rocks of calc-alkaline affinity (Alavi, 1994;Babazadeh et al., 2021;Berberian and Berberian, 1981;Honarmand et al., 2014;Kananian et al., 2014;Sarjoughian et al., 2012Sarjoughian et al., , 2018Shahabpour, 2007). The UDMA is related to subduction of the Neotethys before the Arabia-Eurasia collision, which likely started between the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene, probably at ~27-35 Ma (Allen and Armstrong, 2008;Gholami Zadeh et al., 2017;Koshnaw et al., 2018;McQuarrie and Van Hinsbergen, 2013;Mouthereau et al., 2012), giving rise to the Zagros orogen. ...
... For example, silicic magmas of A-type, or anorogenic affinity are known to have higher concentrations of almost all trace elements including Nb and La than equivalent types of silicic magmas (Whalen et al., 1987). (Omrani et al., 2008), Nain (Yeganehfar et al., 2013), Kuh-e Dom (Kananian et al., 2014;Sarjoughian et al., 2012), Kal-e-Kafi (Ahmadian et al., 2016), Chah Zard (Kouhestani et al., 2018), Saveh (Nouri et al., 2018), Zafarghand (Sarjoughian et al., 2018), and the Takht batholith (Pang et al., 2020). ...
... The Eocene magmatism towards the Yazd-Tabas block shows a wide spectrum of compositions, ranging from basaltic trachyandesite to trachyte and rhyolite and is equally spread over sub-alkaline and alkaline domains in the TAS diagram ( Fig. 2g; Torabi, 2011;Kargaranbafghi et al., 2015;Sargazi et al., 2019). Plutonic activity is limited to a few discrete batholith-size granitoid bodies (Ahmadian et al., 2009;Sarjoughian et al., 2012). The Eocene magmatism of the Yazd-Tabas block has been interpreted as supra-subduction zone magmatism developed in a back-arc environment with melts generated by partial melting of the fluid-metasomatized phlogopite-bearing lithosphere and their subsequent interaction with lower crustal garnet-amphibolite to form adakitic magmas (Ahmadian et al., 2009(Ahmadian et al., , 2016Sarjoughian et al., 2012). ...
... Plutonic activity is limited to a few discrete batholith-size granitoid bodies (Ahmadian et al., 2009;Sarjoughian et al., 2012). The Eocene magmatism of the Yazd-Tabas block has been interpreted as supra-subduction zone magmatism developed in a back-arc environment with melts generated by partial melting of the fluid-metasomatized phlogopite-bearing lithosphere and their subsequent interaction with lower crustal garnet-amphibolite to form adakitic magmas (Ahmadian et al., 2009(Ahmadian et al., , 2016Sarjoughian et al., 2012). ...
In this contribution, we investigate the space and time distribution of the Cenozoic magmatism and the associated porphyry Cu-Mo ± Au and other hydrothermal (mostly epithermal) ore deposits along the south Caucasus-west Iranian tectono-magmatic belt. We use a comprehensive georeferenced database containing whole-rock and geochronological analyses of 3150 samples from the igneous rocks distributed in the study area. Overall, the timing of the ore deposits overlaps with the timing of the Eocene to Miocene diachronous collision between the Arabia and Eurasia plates. This is associated with a change in the geochemical fingerprints of the magmas during and after collisional thickening, with a marked increase in Sr/Y values associated with a general transition towards adakitic signatures. This is interpreted with a change towards an amphibole- (±garnet) rich residue at the arc roots. Clusters of ore mineralization are observed within areas of long-lived magmatism (lasting >10 Myr), usually located at the intersections of basement fault zones, parallel and orthogonal to the collisional boundaries and likely formed along inherited zones of crustal/lithospheric weakness. The isotopic data of the ore-forming magmas show a pronounced correlation with young (<0.7 Ga) Nd depleted mantle model ages (TDMNd) and (87Sr/86Sr)i isotopic ratios ranging from ~0.704 to ~0.706. This evidence attests to post-Cadomian metal- and volatile-rich sources at crust roots, during incremental magmatic underplating. We suggest that optimum conditions to form clusters of ore deposits along the collisional zone are achieved when passive asthenosphere upwelling along slab windows (or induced by lithosphere delamination and/or slab break-off) causes the partial melting of the fertile arc roots in the amphibole ± garnet stability field. The end of hydrothermal mineralization along the west Iran magmatic belt is associated with crust overthickening (as evidenced by the inferred presence of a garnet-dominated residue), either as a consequence of consumption of the fertile metal-enriched sources or after the total removal/foundering of the arc roots.
... The granitoid rocks associated with the magmatic arcs usually contain Mafic Magmatic Enclaves (MME) (e.g., Chen et al., 2015), which have been suggested to represent magma mixing and mingling processes (e.g., Dan et al., 2015;Zhang and Zhao, 2017). Subsequently, the MMEs are commonly used as a valuable tool for better understanding the processes involving interactions of coeval mafic and felsic magmas (e.g., Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Pietranik and Koepke, 2014;Moita et al., 2015;Kazemi et al., 2019). One of the well-preserved examples of a magmatic arc is the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), located entirely in Iran, cor-related to one of the youngest continental collisions in the world and linked to the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean underneath Eurasia following the collision with the Afro-Arabian (Stöcklin, 1986;Verdel et al., 2011;Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Yeganehfar et al., 2013;Kananian et al., 2014;Hosseini et al., 2017;Ma et al., 2017;Kazemi et al., 2019;Khodami, 2019;Shahsavari Alavijeh et al., 2019;Sarjoughian et al., 2020;Chaharlang and Ghorbani, 2020) (Fig. 1a). ...
... Subsequently, the MMEs are commonly used as a valuable tool for better understanding the processes involving interactions of coeval mafic and felsic magmas (e.g., Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Pietranik and Koepke, 2014;Moita et al., 2015;Kazemi et al., 2019). One of the well-preserved examples of a magmatic arc is the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), located entirely in Iran, cor-related to one of the youngest continental collisions in the world and linked to the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean underneath Eurasia following the collision with the Afro-Arabian (Stöcklin, 1986;Verdel et al., 2011;Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Yeganehfar et al., 2013;Kananian et al., 2014;Hosseini et al., 2017;Ma et al., 2017;Kazemi et al., 2019;Khodami, 2019;Shahsavari Alavijeh et al., 2019;Sarjoughian et al., 2020;Chaharlang and Ghorbani, 2020) (Fig. 1a). The UDMA intrusions that occurred throughout Eocene, are mostly porphyritic granitoids including diorite, granodiorite, granite, and tonalite (Shahabpour, 2005), developing mainly metaluminous, calc-alkaline, and I-type characters (Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Kananian et al., 2014;Kazemi et al., 2019). ...
... One of the well-preserved examples of a magmatic arc is the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), located entirely in Iran, cor-related to one of the youngest continental collisions in the world and linked to the subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean underneath Eurasia following the collision with the Afro-Arabian (Stöcklin, 1986;Verdel et al., 2011;Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Yeganehfar et al., 2013;Kananian et al., 2014;Hosseini et al., 2017;Ma et al., 2017;Kazemi et al., 2019;Khodami, 2019;Shahsavari Alavijeh et al., 2019;Sarjoughian et al., 2020;Chaharlang and Ghorbani, 2020) (Fig. 1a). The UDMA intrusions that occurred throughout Eocene, are mostly porphyritic granitoids including diorite, granodiorite, granite, and tonalite (Shahabpour, 2005), developing mainly metaluminous, calc-alkaline, and I-type characters (Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Kananian et al., 2014;Kazemi et al., 2019). The associated volcanic rocks are also compositionally variable ranging from basic to acid, suggested to have erupted within a shallow submarine to a continental setting (Berberian and King, 1981;Verdel et al., 2011). ...
... Our results provide important insights into the metallogenic features in support of developing conceptual models and exploration strategies in other parts of the UDMA. (Zarasvandi et al., 2018(Zarasvandi et al., , 2019 and the barren intrusions are including Tafresh , Haji Abad (Kazemi et al., 2018), Gheshlagh-Aftabrow (Kazemi et al., 2020a(Kazemi et al., , 2020b, Tafresh , Natanz (Honarmand et al., 2012), Kuh-e Dom (Sarjoughian et al., 2012), Nasrand (Sarjoughian, 2017), and Soheyle Pakuh (Mansouri Esfahani et al., 2017) and (b) Simplified geological map of Marshenan intrusion based on 1/100000 map of the Kuhpayeh with slight variations (Radfar et al., 2002). ...
... Data for some barren intrusions (e.g., Tafresh , Gheshlagh-Aftabrow (Kazemi et al., 2020a(Kazemi et al., , 2020b, Haji Abad (Kazemi et al., 2019), Natanz (Honarmand et al., 2012)), Kuh-e Dom (Sarjoughian et al., 2012), Nasrand (Sarjoughian, 2016(Sarjoughian, -2017, and Soheyle Pakuh (Mansouri Esfahani et al., 2017) and fertile intrusions (e. g., Chahfiruzeh, Keder, Sar kuh, Iju, Meiduk, Kahang, Dalli, Daralou, andReagan (Zarasvandi et al., 2018, 2019)) intrusions for porphyry Cu mineralization from around the UDMA are added for comparison with the barren Marshenan intrusion. The geological, petrography, dating, physicochemical parameters, geochemical characteristics, and mineralization potential are noteworthy and presented in Supplementary Tables 1 and 2. ...
... It shows that most of the barren intrusions, including Marshenan, are crystallized at a temperature < 750 • C, and the crystallized temperatures of fertile intrusions are higher than barren intrusions. The previous studies (e.g., Honarmand et al., 2012;Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Mansouri Esfahani et al., 2017;Sarjoughian, 2017;Kazemi et al., 2018;Kazemi et al., 2020aKazemi et al., , 2020bRaeisi and Mirnejad, 2019) revealed that the average calculated P-T results for barren intrusions, 1.3 to 3.0 kbar and 633 • C to 822 • C are relatively lower compared to those obtained from the amphiboles from the fertile intrusive rocks with average pressure between 1.6 and 3.8 kbar and average temperatures between 780 • C and 1017 • C ( Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). Looking at the chemical compositions of the amphiboles in the UDMA, it is seems that they have close genetic relationship with each other. ...
The Early Miocene Marshenan intrusion, in the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), central Iran, includes granodiorite-granite and diorite; it is a classic example of a CuAu barren intrusive system. Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the diorite display an age of 20.32 ± 0.36 Ma, coeval with granodiorite rocks (20.5 ± 0.8 Ma). These rocks are composed of feldspar, quartz, amphibole, biotite, titanite, and magnetite. In the granodiorites, the plagioclase composition ranges from oligoclase to bytownite, the amphiboles are magnesio-hornblende and biotites is Mg rich, related to calc-alkaline orogenic suites in the region. Plagioclase phenocrysts exhibits oscillatory zoning and marked changes in the abundance of elements, such as Ba, Sr, and Fe, suggesting magma mixing/mingling may have had a role in generating these parental magmas. The average calculated P–T conditions of the granodiorite and diorite rocks are about 730 °C and 2.1 kbar and 733 °C and 1.7 kbar, respectively, corresponding to near solidus conditions equal to emplacement depths of ~7 to 8 km. Magmatic H2O contents and ƒO2 calculated from crystallized amphiboles indicate that the Marshenan granodiorite had initial magmatic H2O contents ~5 wt% and relatively high ƒO2 (ΔNNO; ave. 1.3) and the diorite had initial magmatic H2O contents ~4.7 wt% and relatively high ƒO2 (ΔNNO; ave. 1.5), both consistent with the presence of phases, such as hornblende, biotite, magnetite, and titanite. In comparison with other intrusions in the UDMA, the Marshenan intrusion formed via the same physico-chemical mechanisms like other barren intrusions, whereas the fertile intrusions exhibit slightly higher temperatures, pressures, ƒO2, and H2O values than the barren intrusions. These compiled data suggest that, in spite of the high magmatic H2O and ƒO2 contents, the Marshenan and other barren intrusions in the UDMA will not produce porphyry Cu mineralization, unlike the giant Kerman deposit, probably due to magma source, magmatic evolution processes, timing of volatile exsolution, pre-existing crustal-scale fractures, coeval volcanism, and extended duration of volatile saturated crystallization to subsolidus conditions.
... W Xie et al. host melts that may have been caused by the rapid cooling of the mafic melt (Sarjoughian et al. 2012). Plagioclase with a sieve texture was also observed in the MMEs (Fig. 4e), which is thought to be the result of the partial melting of feldspar after it entered the mafic magma at a higher temperature (Castro et al. 1999). ...
Extensive magmatism in NE China, eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, has produced multi-stage granitic plutons and accompanying W mineralization. The Narenwula complex in the southwestern Great Xing’an Range provides important insights into the petrogenesis, geodynamic processes and relationship with W mineralization. The complex comprises granodiorites, monzogranites and granite porphyry. Mafic microgranular enclaves are common in the granodiorites, and have similar zircon U–Pb ages as their host rocks (258.5–253.9 Ma), whereas the W-bearing granitoids yield emplacement ages of 149.8–148.1 Ma. Permian granodiorites are I-type granites that are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, and depleted in high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements. Both the mafic microgranular enclaves and granodiorites have nearly identical zircon Hf isotopic compositions. The results suggest that the mafic microgranular enclaves and granodiorites formed by the mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. W-bearing granitoids are highly fractionated A-type granites, enriched in Rb, Th, U and Pb, and depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti and Eu. They have higher W concentrations and Rb/Sr ratios, and lower Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf and K/Rb ratios than the W-barren granodiorites. These data and negative ϵ Hf (t) values (–6.0 to –2.1) suggest that they were derived from the partial melting of ancient lower crust and subsequently underwent extreme fractional crystallization. Based on the regional geology, we propose that the granodiorites were generated in a volcanic arc setting related to the subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean, whereas the W-bearing granitoids and associated deposits formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting controlled by the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean and Palaeo-Pacific Ocean tectonic regimes.
... Plagioclase and quartz xenocrysts occur within the enclaves, or at the boundary between the enclaves and the enclosing rock. The field evidence of magma mixing/ mingling include the presence of mafic microgranular enclaves, MEs with wispy to cuspate morphology, syn-plutonic dykes, xenocrysts of Kfeldspar and quartz in the MEs (e.g., Ghalamghash et al., 2009;Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Vernon et al., 1984). In addition, most of the MEs preserve features characteristic of magmatic origin (Barbarin, 1988), such as occasional xenocrysts, diffusive to the sharp boundary with host, cuspate margins, ME stretching, and sub-parallel ME remnants (Fig. 3e, f). ...
... In addition, most of the MEs preserve features characteristic of magmatic origin (Barbarin, 1988), such as occasional xenocrysts, diffusive to the sharp boundary with host, cuspate margins, ME stretching, and sub-parallel ME remnants (Fig. 3e, f). The presence of feldspar phenocrysts in the MEs may indicate the transition from felsic to more mafic lithology (e.g., Ghalamghash et al., 2009;Sarjoughian et al., 2012). The few observed schlieren also support the prevailing magma mixing/mingling environment during the evolution of DBG. ...
The Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) of Iran hosts a variety of volcano-plutonic rocks of different composition and age formed by subduction of Neo-Tethyan Ocean beneath Eurasian supercontinent and the subsequent processes of post-subduction magmatism. This study focuses on mineral chemistry of biotite and amphibole, zircon UPb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and SrNd isotopic geochemistry in the Deh-Bala granitoid, in an attempt to investigate the porphyry-epithermal mineralization potential. The Deh-Bala intrusions in the central part of the UDMA consist mainly of granodiorite and minor tonalite, with microgranular enclaves (MEs) of gabbrodiorite, diorite, and monzodiorite composition. In addition, the main ore minerals associated with more altered and mineralized varieties of these intrusions include chalcopyrite, covellite, malachite, and pyrite. The silicic, argillic, phyllic (sericitic), and propylitic facies of alteration occur in parts of the Deh-Bala area; these types of alteration, which are typically considered the most important predictors of porphyry copper‑gold and (or) epithermal precious metal mineralization.
LA-ICP-MS UPb dating of zircons reveals that the pluton was emplaced during Middle-Eocene (ca. 39.0 Ma). The Deh-Bala granitoids (DBG) are calc-alkaline in composition (Na2O + K2O: 4.8–7.3 wt%) and display SiO2 contents from ∼53 to ∼67 wt%. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), with marked Eu anomalies. They are also characterized by an enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs, such as Rb, K, and U) and a depletion in high-field strength elements (HFSE, such Nb, Y, Ti, and Zr), displaying obviously depletions with Ba, P, and Sc. The DBG shows whole-rock initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (ISr) of 0.7048–0.7061, εNd(t) values of −1.79 to +1.64, and Nd two-stage depleted mantle model ages (TDM2) from 747 to 1004 Ma. These isotopic data, combined with the geochemical signatures, indicate that the DBG originated through mixing of mafic and felsic end-members, the former was derived from melting of the lithospheric mantle, and the latter derived from partial melting of Neoproterozoic crustal materials in a continental-arc.
Biotite compositions analysed by electron microprobe are consistent with the Deh-Bala magmas being oxidized and chlorine-rich, similar to worldwide porphyry copper‑gold systems formed in arc-related settings associated with convergent margin subduction zones. Such a chlorine-rich magmatic-hydrothermal system is known to be effective in scavenging copper and (or) gold from melt and its transfer to shallow levels.
... The history of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Zone is complicated. It is generally assumed that the formation of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic assemblage is related to the subduction of the Neotethys oceanic crust (Alavi, 1994;Berberian & King, 1981;Kananian, Sarjoughian, Nadimi, Ahmadian, & Ling, 2014;Rezaei-Kahkhaei, Galindo, Pankhurst, & Esmaeily, 2011;Sarjoughian, Kananian, Haschke, Ahmadian, & Ling, 2012). More specifically, while some researchers reported an island arc tectonic setting for this zone (M. ...
... More specifically, while some researchers reported an island arc tectonic setting for this zone (M. R. Ghorbani, 2006; M. R. Ghorbani & Bezenjani, 2011;Shahabpour, 2007;Yajam et al., 2015), others advocated for an active continental margin model (Alavi, 1994;Berberian & King, 1981;Kananian et al., 2014;MoeinVaziri, 1985;Mohajjel, Fergusson, & Sahandi, 2003;Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Takin, 1972;Verdel, Wernicke, Hassanzadeh, & Guest, 2011). ...
Geochemical data for 435 samples of the Pliocene to Quaternary (P–Q) volcanic rocks from Iran, distributed mostly along a NW–SE trending belt, were compiled from 28 papers (12 written in Persian). Until now, the rock nomenclature employed has been inconsistent with the recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). Moreover, older bivariate and ternary tectonic discrimination diagrams and only traditional qualitative approaches using Nb and Ta anomalies, have been used to understand the origin and evolution of the P–Q magmas. The P–Q magma and rock types were classified by strictly following the IUGS recommendations. Two geochemometric multidimensional models based on 10 and 16 elements, along with two decision procedures, capable of discriminating 29 fine tectonic settings, were used to document the existence of six tectonic settings in Iran during the P–Q. The rare earth elements indicated that the evolved intermediate and silicic rocks had a significant crustal component in their origin. The quantification of Nb and Ta anomalies in multielement diagrams was used to support the tectonic inferences from the multidimensional geochemometric models.
... Thus in summary, the geochemical data and diagrams of the studied intrusion support an interpretation of a continental arc margin setting consistent with previous studies on the igneous rocks in the UDMA and AMB (e.g., Agard et al., 2005Agard et al., , 2011Ahmadian et al., 2009;Alavi, 1994Alavi, , 1991Alavi, , 1996Berberian and King, 1981;Haschke et al., 2010;Kananian et al., 2014;Sarjoughian et al., 2012). Also, voluminous magmatic rocks linearly distributed along the western margin of the Central Iranian and AMB within a number of obducted ophiolites from the collisional suture zones, are more geological evidence of the presence of an arc in Iran. ...
... The geochemical data and petrographic features of the Toveireh pluton were compared with other adjacent granites in the Naein block, such as Kal-e-Kafi (Ahmadian, 2009), Sohail-Pakuh (Bakhshi, 2014), and Kuh-e-Dom (Sarjoughian et al., 2012) (Table 8). ...
... The Sohail-Pakuh and Kuh-e-Dom plutons were formed by underplating the mantle-derived mafic magmas beneath the lower crust (Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Bakhshi, 2014). The Sohail-Pakuh pluton had higher TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 * , and MgO than the Toveireh and Kuh-e-Dom plutons. ...
The Middle Eocene Toveireh plutonic body is located in the western margin of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent
(CEIM). This plutonic body consists of granodiorite, syenogranite, and monzogranite compositions. Granodiorite is the most
predominant rock unit, which is composed of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, hornblende, and biotite main mineral phases. The
Toveireh pluton is metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.85–1.04) and shows a calc-alkaline I-type affinity. Primitive
mantle-normalized spidergrams show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (Rb, Ba, Th, U) and light rare earth elements (REEs)
(La/YbN = 6.8–8.24), as well as depletion of high-field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Ti, P). These rocks are characterized by unfractionated
heavy REEs [(Gd/Yb)N = 1.02–1.80] and a moderate negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.39–0.77) in the chondrite-normalized REE
patterns. The geochemical data suggest that the Toveireh pluton was derived from a low degree of partial melting of a mixed source,
primarily of mafic and metasedimentary rock, in the middle crust by underplating of mafic magma. Geochemical and petrological
features of the studied samples, such as a wide range of Mg# values (21.3–62.2, average: 35.6) and low amounts of mafic microgranular
enclaves, indicated minor involvement of the mantle-derived magma components in the source and about 10% mixing with a felsic
melt. Magma chamber processes, including melting, assimilation, storage and homogenization, magma mixing, and assimilation and
fractional crystallization, played an important role in the magmatic evolution. The hornblende thermobarometry yielded 720 °C to 840
°C ± 23.5 °C and 0.6–1.4 ± 0.16 kbar for the granodiorites, and the biotite thermobarometry revealed 700 °C to 750 °C and 0.77–0.78
kbar for the syenogranites. The combined results suggest that the studied rocks were crystallized in shallow crustal magma chambers.
The Toveireh pluton was formed by the subduction of the eastern branch of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the CEIM during the
Late Triassic to Early Tertiary.
... Differences between calculated and experimentally measured temperatures were in the range of −26°C to +65°C (see supporting information Table S1). In addition, a large number of published biotite data collected from intermediate-silicic intrusions worldwide (e.g., Helmy et al., 2004;Hossain & Tsunogae, 2014;Sarjoughian et al., 2012;Wang et al., 2014) were used to check the applicability of this geothermometer in igneous systems. In the same intrusion, calculated crystallization temperatures of biotites (magmatic Mgbiotites) are 5°C to 228°C lower than crystallization temperatures of amphiboles (Mg-amphibole and Tschermakites; supporting information Table S1), which match the magmatic crystallization sequence determined by petrographic observations of each intrusion. ...
Oxygen fugacity (fO2) is a fundamental thermodynamic property governing redox potential in solid Earth systems. Analysis of magmatic fO2 aids our understanding of the transfer behavior of multivalent elements during magma evolution. Specialized software, Geo-fO2, was developed for calculating magmatic fO2 on the basis of oxybarometers and thermobarometers for common minerals (amphibole, zircon, and biotite) in intermediate–silicic magmas. With user-friendly interfaces, it is easy to input files (.csv or Excel files), output data in Excel files, and plot results as binary diagrams that can be saved as vector graphics and modified using image-processing software.
