Fig 3 - uploaded by G.-S. Song
Content may be subject to copyright.
Geological cross sections through the island of Taiwan and its southern offshore areas. Locations are shown in Fig.2. After Huang et al. (1992) (A-B, C-D) and Teng (1990) (E-F).
Source publication
The northern Manila Trench-Luzon Arc system and the juxtaposed Asian continental margin were successively deformed by collision which began at about 5 Ma ago and has been propagating southward at a rate of about 9cm/year. As a consequence, folding, thrusting and orogenic sedimentation related to the east-west compressive stress have deformed the As...
Citations
... (i) The Sunda trench and the Great Sumatran fault (Katili, 1970;McCaffrey, 2009); the Kuril trench and its associated strike slip fault -"Islands strike-slip fault" -, (Kimura, 1986, DeMets, 1992; the Japan trench and the Median Tectonic line (W-Japan) (Kaneko, 1966;Okada, 1971;Ikeda et al., 2009); Manilla trench and Hengchung ridge (Yu and Song, 1994)), in Southeastern Asia (for a synthesis refer to McCaffrey, 1986; Tjia, 2001). (Fitch, 1972), strong coupling (Chlieh et al., 2008), modified after Chlieh et al. (2008) and Berglar et al. (2010). ...
Most of the plate boundaries are activated obliquely with respect to the direction of far field stresses, as roughly only 8% of the plate boundary total length shows a very low obliquity (ranging from 0 to 10°, sub-orthogonal to the plate displacement). The obliquity along plate boundaries is controlled by (i) lateral rheological variations within the lithosphere and (ii) consistency with the global plate circuit. Indeed, plate tectonics and magmatism drive rheological changes within the lithosphere and consequently influence strain localization. Geodynamical evolution controls large-scale mantle convection and plate formation, consumption, and re-organization, thus triggering plate kinematics variations, and the adjustment and re-orientation of far field stresses. These geological processes may thus result in plate boundaries not perpendicular to the direction of far field stresses, i.e. to obliquity of deformation. This paper reviews the global patterns of obliquity along plate boundaries. Using GPlate, we provide a statistical analysis of present-day obliquity along plate boundaries. Within this framework, by comparing natural examples and geological models, we discuss deformation patterns and kinematics recorded along oblique plate boundaries.
... Many streams have etched deeply into the mountainous terrains, further isolating populations on each side of the mountain range. In addition, the volcanic islands north of Lutao and Lanhsu collided with accreted Asian continental margins to form the Coastal Range in eastern Taiwan (Yu & Song, 1994). ...
Aphyocypris kikuchii is a cyprinid species endemic to northern and eastern Taiwan and is the only primary freshwater fish native east of the Coastal Mountain Range. In total, 92 individuals of A. kikuchii from seven populations in three regions of the island were surveyed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. High haplotype diversity (h= 0·989) and low nucleotide diversity (π= 0·009) of mtDNA were detected. Negative values of Tajima’s D and unimodal mismatch distributions probably reflect a history of recent demographic expansions from small populations. Three major haplotype clusters displayed geographically non-overlapping distributions, indicating a long-term isolation between regions. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic structuring among populations (ΦST= 0·66). Significant haplotype heterogeneity was also detected among populations within regions (ΦSC= 0·41, P < 0·001) and among regions (ΦCT= 0·43, P < 0·05). Molecular clock estimates of coalescence in the three major mtDNA lineages indicated coalescence in the most recent common ancestor c. 0·11–0·39 million years ago. Haplotypes of cluster B nested as interior nodes in the haplotype network, indicating that migrations from Shueilian (SL) populations to the northern region (cluster A) and to the eastern region (cluster C) may have occurred independently. Lineages A and B + C should be managed as two distinct evolutionarily significant units, while the northern, SL and southern groups should be managed as separate management units.
