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Geographical location of the three northeastern provinces of China. Note: The figure number is GS(2019)1822.
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In the global trend of urban shrinkage, urban vitality, as one of the important representa‐
tions of high‐quality urban development, has become a breakthrough. More and more scholars ad‐
vocate to awaken urban vitality, so as to realize the high‐quality development of shrinking cities.
This paper takes the municipal districts of 34 cities in the th...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the case areas for the study, this paper selects the three northeastern provinces of China, namely Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, with a total area of 787,300 km 2 , including 34 prefecture-level municipalities, one prefecture and one autonomous prefecture (Figure 2). Northeast China is one of China's four major economic sectors, a relatively complete and independent economic zone, and also an old industrial base and resource-based city-intensive area [28]. ...
Context 2
... mapping, this research selects the natural breakpoints of the comprehensive scores of the middle year (2014) as the natural breakpoints of all years for grading display, which can show the absolute size and relative level of urban vitality at the same time and can more scientifically show the temporal and spatial change process of urban vitality. It can be seen from Figure 2: (1) In the nine years, the urban vitality in the three northeastern provinces of China shows an overall upward trend, while the values of most cities fluctuated, not rising and falling steadily. (2) The high values of urban vitality in the three northeastern provinces of China show a trend of gathering towards centers, that is, the three provincial capitals and Dalian become the center of the region, respectively, which promotes the value of surrounding cities to rise and forms a large-scale and regional linkage when their own urban vitality is at a high level for a long time. ...
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Urbanization brings great enrichment to human production and life, but also has certain environmental impact on the area where the city is located. Many studies have revealed the negative effects of urbanization on the ecological environment of urban or urban agglomerations, especially in the early stage of urbanization, but there are few studies o...
Citations
... Urban vitality, a multifaceted and dynamic attribute, significantly influences a city's overall competitiveness by integrating economic, social, and cultural factors [13]. Key drivers of urban vitality include the availability of public spaces [14], the quality of the natural environment [15], socioeconomic conditions [16], and the accessibility and convenience of transportation [17]. ...
Urban vitality, a multifaceted construct, is influenced by economic conditions and urban structural characteristics, and can significantly be impacted by public health emergencies. While extensive research has been conducted on urban vitality, prevailing studies often rely on singular data sources, limiting the scope for holistic assessment. Moreover, there is a conspicuous absence of longitudinal analyses on urban vitality’s evolution and a dearth of quantitative causal evaluations of the effects of public health emergencies. Addressing these gaps, this study devises a comprehensive framework for evaluating urban vitality, assessing Wuhan’s vitality from 2018 to 2020 across economic, social, spatial, and ecological dimensions. Utilizing a Difference-In-Difference (DID) model, the impact of public health emergencies is quantified. The findings indicate pronounced spatial variations in Wuhan’s urban vitality, with a gradational decline from the city center; public health emergencies exhibit differential impacts across vitality dimensions, detrimentally affecting economic, social, and spatial aspects, while bolstering ecological vitality. Moreover, high population and high public budget revenue are identified as factors enhancing urban vitality and bolstering the city’s resilience against sudden adversities. This study offers valuable insights for geographers and urban planners, contributing to the refinement of urban development strategies.
... Currently, there are methods to identify shrinking cities through traditional socio-economic data, geographic remote sensing data and big population data. In their study of the vitality of shrinking cities, Jiang et al. selected indicators of demographic, economic and social dimensions to identify shrinking cities in the Northeast (Jiang et al., 2022). Shao et al. utilised Chinese census data and DMPS satellite lighting data from 2000 to 2010 to study the correlation between urban shrinkage and natural resource dependence in China. ...
In recent years, urban shrinkage, as one of the phenomena revealed in the process of new urbanisation development in China, has gradually attracted the attention of many scholars. To address the question of whether urban shrinkage has an impact on the level of local basic public services supply, this paper uses panel data from 298 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2018 to empirically analyse the impact of urban shrinkage on the level of basic public services supply by dividing shrinking cities into different regions and dividing basic public services into different dimensions. The results show that the impact of urban shrinkage on the supply level of basic public services is an 'inverted U-shaped' non-linear process that first promotes and then inhibits the level of basic public services supply; the impact of urban shrinkage on various dimensions of the level of basic public services supply varies, and generally shows a positive and then negative trend. Regarding regional heterogeneity, urban shrinkage has a more significant negative impact on the central region's basic public services supply level, followed by the western region and, to a lesser extent, the northeastern region. Therefore, local governments should make Smart Shrinkage according to local conditions, improve the basic public services supply system to enhance residents' happiness and satisfaction, introduce corresponding policies for the introduction of talents and focus on employee training and education activities to achieve the goal of equalising of basic public services supply in China. This research could also provide identification methods and improvement measures for other countries and regions just beginning to face the shrinking problem, especially those with high population densities and tight urban connectivity, such as China's cities.
... In recent years, their regional competitiveness has declined significantly, leading to large-scale urban shrinkage, which has caused many adverse phenomena, such as low and blind expansion of urban land and space utilization, aggravating the urban shrinkage process. But at the same time, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of the Northeast, by proposing the "Revitalizing the Northeast Strategy" to achieve high-quality urban development transformation [12]. In hence, conducting targeted research on the urban shrinkage problem in Heilongjiang Province is both urgent and essential, which can support the exploration of the transformation path of Northeast industrial cities. ...
With urbanization, urban shrinkage has become a more prevalent and severe global problem. Although many studies have explored it, most of them lack precision, and the complex nonlinear causal mechanisms of urban shrinkage are still poorly understood. Therefore, based on the background of the transformation of traditional industrial cities in China, this research selects Heilongjiang Province as a typical case study and quantify the spatial pattern of shrinking cities. Furthermore, from a nonlinear relational perspective, the complex mechanism of urban shrinkage is revealed by using LightGBM. The results show that the area experienced a large-scale comprehensive shrinkage and severe shrinkage in some areas, while also generating scattered population clusters. In addition, the economic and industrial structure are still the most influential factors for population change, and the industrial structure transformation is still the main obstacle for its development. The research results are conducive to elevating the awareness of urban shrinkage in industrial cities and providing some theoretical guidance for sustainable development.
... However, in the past decade, as China's urbanization has entered a different stage in its development, Chinese scholars have begun to note the problem of urban shrinkage in their own country [7][8][9][10]. Recently, a series of case studies have been developed considering urban shrinkage in China in the context of the Western experience [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These studies found, different from European and American countries, urban shrinkage in China occurred primarily in small and medium-sized cities or resource-exhausted cities. Shrinkage was mainly characterized by labor outflow, creating localized shrinkage within an overall growth pattern [20,21]. ...
Western cities have been confronted with the challenges of 'urban shrinkage' as changes in economic and production models have caused population migrations. China, in its recent history, has experienced rapid and dynamic growth in its cities. However, as its economy is evolving, it too is being confronted with 'urban shrinkage' challenges. Populations have been shifting inside small and medium sized cities in response to problems created during this rapid growth period. Most heritage areas have suffered from depopulation, neglect and disinvestment. The historic Puhuiquan neighborhood in Yulin City is a classic example of the current Chinese version of 'urban shrinkage'. Yulin City, founded as a military city five centuries ago, has shifted its focus away from its historic purpose into a resource-based city. Yulin’s planning developed new areas, drawing population out of the historic Puhuiquan neighborhood. This area is the home to a unique urban cultural landscape where land and architecture have merged to create the development of various types of 'cave' houses. Suffering from the effects of 'urban shrinkage', this research explores the causes and potential solutions for the area employing both 'smart shrinkage' and 'urban renewal' strategies, informed by local resident participation, to develop a sustainable renewal strategy for this heritage area.
... Especially for shrinking cities, the decline of the economic and social environment is often one of the concerns of city managers. Therefore, for reducing the limitations of population indicator, a multidimensional comprehensive indicator system for urban shrinkage is constructed from the population, economy, and society (Hartt, 2021;Jiang et al., 2022). The overall and dynamic changes of urban shrinkage can be better reflected by this indicator system. ...
Eliminating poverty and improving welfare are the value pursuit of global development. Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2020, the path relationship among urban shrinkage, urban–rural development, and residents' welfare growth is empirically tested. The heterogeneity of urban shrinkage affecting residents' welfare are further revealed from multidimensional perspectives such as public financial pressure, attention to ageing cause, provincial capital welfare spillover, land expansion, and geographic differences. The research shows that: (1) Urban shrinkage not only directly inhibit residents' welfare, but also curb the improvement of residents' welfare through widening urban–rural income gap and strengthening urban–rural dual economic structure. (2) The higher the public financial pressure and the attention to the aging cause, the more obvious the inhibitory effect of urban shrinkage on the welfare. The welfare spillover of provincial capital cities show a distinct characteristics of distance attenuation. (3) The inhibitory effect of urban shrinkage on welfare growth is stronger in cities with a higher degree of land expansion. The inhibitory effect of the widening urban–rural income gap on welfare growth presents a V-shaped trend with land expansion. (4) The overall impact of urban shrinkage, urban–rural income gap, and urban–rural dual economic structure on residents' welfare is negative, and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity is significant. The impact of urban shrinkage on residents' welfare in seven cities of Hebei and Shandong province is at the stage of turning from negative to positive during the study period.
... The entropy weight method was widely used in the research of urban vitality evaluation [21,66,67]. In this study, we drew on previous research methods and used the entropy weight method to measure the urban vitality in the central city of Changsha. ...
Urban vitality is an important reflection of a city’s development potential and urban quality. This study used exploratory spatio-temporal big data such as social media check-ins to portray the spatio-temporal evolution of urban vitality at the subdistrict scale in Changsha, a city in central China, from 2013 to 2021, finding that urban vitality in Changsha exhibited central agglomeration and outward circling expansion over time, and then we used Geodetector and spatial regression analyses to explain the interactive effects and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the spatial elements of subdistrict form, subdistrict function, and subdistrict economy on urban vitality. The results show the following: (1) The subdistrict form and subdistrict function dimensions had a significant effect on urban vitality, and the effect of the economic dimension of the subdistrict was not significant. (2) The interaction effect of the density of entertainment and leisure facilities and the density of business office facilities in subdistrict function was the dominant factor in the change of urban vitality. (3) Under the spatio-temporal effect, land use diversity and park facility density had the strongest positive effect on urban vitality; road density and shopping facility density had the weakest effect. The study aimed to provide a reference for the optimization and allocation of spatial elements of subdistricts in sustainable urban development and urban renewal, in order to achieve the purpose of urban vitality creation and enhancement.
... The Three Northeastern Provinces of China have experienced a long period of fluctuation between prosperity and shrinking, with significant differences in city sizes and a severe phenomenon of shrinking cities [35]. This paper focuses on the county-level administrative units in the Three Northeastern Provinces and analyzes the panel data from 2001 to 2020. ...
Shrinking cities are a global issue with regional characteristics. This paper focuses on the county-level administrative units in the Three Northeastern Provinces in China to identify and classify shrinking cities using a two-step identification method and explores their spatial-temporal evolution. The paper utilizes the panel threshold regression model for empirical testing. The results indicate the following: (1) The number of shrinking cities in the region is large and deep. Quantitatively, the shrinking cities account for about 50% of the whole; spatially, there are six major shrinking city “groups”, showing the distribution trend around the “Ha-Da” urban corridor. (2) The threshold effect test reveals that GDP is a critical threshold variable influencing the formation of shrinking cities. Moreover, cities are classified into three types based on the threshold values: Type I (GDP > 2,270,731 yuan), Type II (434,832 < GDP ≤ 2,270,731), and Type III (GDP < 434,832). (3) The results of the dual-threshold and grouped regression models show significant variations in the dominant factors of shrinking cities of different scales. Variables such as impervious area, fiscal revenue, and grass area demonstrate relatively stable promoting effects.
... Although scholars have different definitions and concerns regarding the research on urban vitality, there is a consensus that cities have social, economic, cultural, and environmental attributes [8]. Therefore, high-vitality cities need to meet the requirements of being habitable, achieving sustained economic growth, providing sufficient public space for social activities, creating a rich cultural atmosphere, and providing green space for leisure [10]. ...
Urbanization profoundly impacts the global carbon cycle and climate change. Many studies have shown that both urban vitality and urban carbon emissions are deeply affected by spatial planning and city structure. However, the specific relationship between urban vitality and urban carbon emissions is rarely studied. An index system of urban vitality was established from four aspects: social, economic, cultural, and environmental. After analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of urban vitality combined with spatial syntax and the TOPSIS model, this paper further investigated the influence of urban vitality-building factors on the distribution of urban carbon emissions based on the Geodetector method. The research results show that: (1) Xuzhou shows obvious spatial differences in urban vitality, mainly decreasing from the center to the surrounding areas, with a small vitality center in the northeast. (2) The impact of different dimensions of vitality on urban carbon emissions is apparently different. (3) Facilities’ aggregation has the weakest explanatory power for urban carbon emissions, while the NDVI has the highest explanatory power. This study helps to clarify the spatial correlation and influence mechanism between urban vitality and urban carbon emissions. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to construct low-carbon and high-vitality cities.
... Previous studies showed that urban vitality can be affected by accessibility, transportation condition, amenities, and land-use diversity [40][41][42][43][44]. For example, Long and Huang [45] analyzed the influence of urban form (e.g., intersection density, mixed land use, distance to transportation) on urban vitality and found that small blocks and higher levels of mixed land use can stimulate urban vitality. ...
Urban vitality is a major indicator used for evaluating the sustainability and attractiveness of an urban environment. Global experience indicates that urban vitality can be stimulated through a reasonable urban design. However, it remains incompletely understood in the literature which building-related indicators can substantially affect urban vitality in Asian countries. To give an insight into this question, our study took a step forward by focusing specifically on the influence of the three-dimensional built environment on urban vitality, based on which decision makers could enhance urban vitality from the perspective of vertical building design. A machine-learning-based framework was developed in this study. First, we utilized several building-related indicators to thoroughly measure the spatial characteristics of buildings at the township level. Second, the relationship between a three-dimensional built environment and urban vitality was revealed based on a combined use of the correlation method, scatter charts, and a random forest. In the random forest, both a benchmark and a new model were constructed to evaluate the importance of those building-related indicators. The results suggested that urban vitality was closely related to the three-dimensional built environment, which played an even more important role than common benchmark factors in stimulating urban vitality. The building coverage ratio, density of tall buildings, and floor area ratio were essential spatial drivers behind urban vitality. Therefore, urban designers and decision makers should not only take traditional factors into account but also carefully consider the potential influence of high-rise buildings and the outdoor thermal environment so that urban vitality can be enhanced. Our study’s results can offer practical recommendations for improving urban vitality from the perspective of vertical building design. The proposed framework can also be used for measuring the potential influence of the three-dimensional built environment in other areas.
... Meanwhile, they also contain a whole bunch of urban interactive information, which is conducive to depicting the spatial-temporal pattern of urban vibrancy, thus beneficial to those scholars and policy-makers who need to have a sound grasp of the operation of cities to make better urban studies and policy decisions [18]. Researchers have mostly used a single data source to characterize urban vibrancy [8,19,20]; however, as a giant complex system, the vibrancy of cities are usually affected by many factors, such as society, economy, culture, and so on [21]. Therefore, it is necessary to select multiple big datasets to characterize the different dynamics of cities and integrate them into comprehensive dynamics [11,22]. ...
Quantitative assessment of urban vibrancy is crucial to understanding urban develop�ment and promoting sustainability, especially for rapidly developing areas and regions that have
experienced post-disaster reconstruction. Taking Dujiangyan City, the hardest-hit area of the earth�quake, as an example, this paper quantifies the urban economic, social, and cultural vibrancy after reconstruction by the use of multi-source data, and conducts a geographic visualization analysis. The purpose is to establish an evaluation framework for the relationship between the urban built environment elements and vibrancy in different dimensions, to evaluate the benefits of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction. The results show that the urban vibrancy reflected by classified big data can not be completely matched due to the difference in the data generation and collection process. The Criteria Importance Though Inter-criteria Correlation and entropy (CRITIC-entropy) method is used to construct a comprehensive model is a better representation of the urban vibrancy
spatial characteristics. On a global scale, comprehensive vibrancy demonstrates high continuity and a bi-center structure. In the old town, the distribution of various urban vibrancies show diffusion characteristics, while those in the new district demonstrated a high degree of aggregation, and the comprehensive vibrancy is less sensitive to land-use mixture and more sensitive to residential land
