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Geographic map of the Red Sea area, where darker colours indicate greater depths or higher elevations (Rasul et al., 2015)
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The Red Sea has become one of Egypt’s premier tourism destinations, based in large part on its unique and fragile marine environment. In recent years, how¬ever, tourism development has come increasingly into conflict with protection and conservation of Red Sea resources. The Red Sea coastal area is characterized by a wealth of natural heritage and...
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Citations
... Furthermore, at the governmental and official level, the Egyptian government set various major environmental policies, programs, and initiatives in cooperation with many international bodies such as USAID, to enhance the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the economic development of the Red Sea region [32], paving the way for realizing the various principles of the blue economy approach. Also, in recent years, the Red Sea region attracted several individuals or institutional investors in different economic sectors and one of them is the coastal tourism [33]. Additionally, this region includes many urban communities and cities such as Hurghada, Safaga, and Quseir, which have an urban structure that allows them to play a major role in leading the tourism development process and ensuring its sustainability [34]. ...
... Additionally, this region includes many urban communities and cities such as Hurghada, Safaga, and Quseir, which have an urban structure that allows them to play a major role in leading the tourism development process and ensuring its sustainability [34]. Finally, the Red Sea region faced various challenges that always require searching for sustainable development approaches such as the blue economy, and the most important of these challenges was the presence of many untapped coastal areas rich in resources, pollution resulting from infrastructure and tourism services, coastal habitats loss, and the destruction of coral reefs [33,35]. ...
This study aims to assess and analyse the efficiency of the tourism centres in the Southern Red Sea region, Egypt to apply coastal tourism development through the blue economy perspective. According to this aim, the study used two efficiency methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Free Disposal Hull (FDH). A total of 29 tourism centres were selected to conduct the DEA and FDH methods. These efficiency methods (DEA-FDH) used inputs and outputs variables to estimate the efficiency of the tourism centres. The selected inputs were the length of the shoreline (km), area (ha), tourism investments (million EGP), quality of coral reefs, numbers of hotels, and tourism accommodation capacity. While the outputs were employees’ number and tourists’ number. The results indicate that, generally, the tourism centres in the Southern Red Sea region of Egypt showed high-efficiency scores, which reflects their good preparedness to implement the various coastal tourism development strategies from the blue economy perspective. The tourism centres in the Safaga-Quseir tourism sector were the most efficient ones, regardless of the efficiency models used. While the tourist centres representing the Ras Banas tourism sector were the least efficient centres in the whole sample (29 tourism centres).
... Despite of several studies were carried out on the surface marine sediments along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. However, only some of these studies have focused on the effects of the human activities due to tourism development on the Egyptian Red Sea environments or habitats (such as: [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. ...
__________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Now several hotels and tourist villages are being built around the bay. These tourism projects including what is virtually working and others still under construction of Abu-Soma Bay. Granulometric and geochemical analyses have been carried out on 30 surface marine sediment samples collected from Abu-Soma area along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The textural characteristics of marine sediments show that the mean size decreases in sediments of coastal areas while increase in offshore sediments and the sediment type generally changes from sand to slightly gravelly muddy sand. But, generally, sand fraction is prevalent among the other constituents. The sediments are composed mainly of poorly sorted, negatively nearly symmetrical and leptokurtic fine sands. Cluster analysis showed that, distribution of gravel, sand and mud fractions is related to bottom facies and type of sediment source and depth more than distance of the beach. Geochemically, the factor controlling the carbonate content of studied sediments includes material supply of biogenic and terrigenous components. However, the carbonate content of marine sediments ranges from 14.21% to 97.91% with average 71.21%. In general organic matter is higher in these sediments relative to adjacent areas. Organic matter recorded high values in some samples with increasing depth. The high organic matter in the present surface marine sediments is primarily due to the high supply from primary productivity, terrestrial and reworked sediments. Texture is the main controlling factor for the organic matter enrichment. Spatial variations in earth element contents in the study area are related to the sources of marine sediments to the area. The investigation of distribution of the earth element contents in surficial sediments of the study area indicated that the degree of elements pollution is caused by natural inputs of adjacent wadies and/or by anthropogenic activities. This study provides knowledge about nature and geochemistry of sediments and the extent to which the region is affected by external influences of human activities and/or natural inputs by wadis.
... Recent invertebrates and protists, especially benthic foraminifera, serve as excellent indicators of the water temperature in past and present environments (Madkour, 2015). Foraminifera and molluscan shells are sensitive organisms for environmental changes. ...
... The use of recent invertebrates, especially benthic foraminifera and molluscan shells, as bioindicators is less established; however, previous studies proved the ability of benthic foraminifera and molluscan shells to monitor the environmental quality (e.g., Alve, 1995;Armynot du Châtelet et al., 2004;Ferraro et al., 2006;Bouchet et al., 2007;Frontalini et al., 2009;Coccioni et al., 2009;Alve et al., 2009;Armynot du Châtelet et al., 2009;Bouchet et al., 2012;Dolven et al., 2013;Hess et al., 2013). A growing body of literature focused on assessing the heavy metal contamination in the Red Sea environment using different biological indicators (e.g., Ziko et al., 2001;Madkour, 2004Madkour, , 2005Mansour et al., 2005;Madkour and Youssef, 2009;Mohammed and Dar, 2010;El-Taher and Madkour, 2011;Madkour, 2012, 2013;Mohammed et al., 2013;Madkour, 2013Madkour, , 2015Youssef, 2015;Youssef and El-Sorogy, 2016). ...
... Recent invertebrates mainly are benthic foraminifera, coral reefs, and Mollusca which are considered to be most important for this integrated approach. Recent invertebrates and protists, especially Mollusca and benthic foraminifera, serve as excellent indicators of the water temperature in the past and present environments (Madkour 2015). Mollusca is the second largest phylum of invertebrates in the animal kingdom, comprising about 100,000 species, about 60% of them are marine organisms (Wye 1989). ...
Several samples of gastropod and pelecypod mollusk shells from three localities are selected along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. This is a study of the wall structure of some different shells of gastropods and pelecypod mollusks and their adaptive significance on evolution of the physical and chemical properties of the Red Sea water prevailing along the Egyptian shores and coasts. Analysis of gastropod and pelecypod mollusk shells of the study areas provides investigators with data to characterize the composition of these gastropod and pelecypod mollusk shells and to know the degree of human activities influence on the composition of the gastropod and pelecypod mollusk shells. Lambis truncata at Quseir and Safaga Harbors recorded the highest carbonate percentages (98.0 and 98.4%); meanwhile, Tridacna gigas at Quseir and Safaga Harbors recorded the highest organic matter contents (2.0 and 1.9%). On the other hand, Tridacna gigas recorded the highest values of organic matter in the study areas compared with the other species. The highest Ca contents were observed in Tridacna gigas and Strombus tricornis (71.1 and 69.6%) at El-Esh area, also the highest Mg was in Tridacna gigas (2.0%) at Qusier and Safaga Harbors, while the highest Sr was in Strombus tricornis at Qseir Harbor and El-Esh area (2473 and 2335 ppm). A study of the geochemistry, X-ray diffraction contents of the common gastropod and pelecypod mollusk shells from Quseir Harebour, Safaga Harbor, and El-Esh area along the Egyptian Red Sea coast was carried out.
... Recent invertebrates and protists, especially benthic foraminifera, serve as excellent indicators of the water temperature in past and present environments (Madkour, 2015). Foraminifera and molluscan shells are sensitive organisms for environmental changes. ...
... The use of recent invertebrates, especially benthic foraminifera and molluscan shells, as bioindicators is less established; however, previous studies proved the ability of benthic foraminifera and molluscan shells to monitor the environmental quality (e.g., Alve, 1995;Armynot du Châtelet et al., 2004;Ferraro et al., 2006;Bouchet et al., 2007;Frontalini et al., 2009;Coccioni et al., 2009;Alve et al., 2009;Armynot du Châtelet et al., 2009;Bouchet et al., 2012;Dolven et al., 2013;Hess et al., 2013). A growing body of literature focused on assessing the heavy metal contamination in the Red Sea environment using different biological indicators (e.g., Ziko et al., 2001;Madkour, 2004Madkour, , 2005Mansour et al., 2005;Madkour and Youssef, 2009;Mohammed and Dar, 2010;El-Taher and Madkour, 2011;Madkour, 2012, 2013;Mohammed et al., 2013;Madkour, 2013Madkour, , 2015Youssef, 2015;Youssef and El-Sorogy, 2016). ...
abstract
To assess the degree of pollution and its impact on the environment along the Red Sea Coast, the most
abundant nine species of recent benthic foraminifera and three species of molluscan shells have been
selected for the analysis of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, and Cd concentrations. The selected foraminiferal
species are: Textularia agglutinans, Amphispsorus hemprichii, Sorites marginalis, Peneroplis planatus, Borelis
schlumbergeri, Amphistegina lessonii, Ammonia beccarii, Operculina gaimairdi, and Operculinella cumingii.
The selected molluscan shells are: Lambis truncata and Strombus tricornis (gastropods) and Tridacana
gigas (bivalves). The inorganic material analysis of foraminifera and molluscs from the Quseir and Safaga
harbors indicates that foraminifera tests include higher concentrations of heavy metals such as Fe and
Mn than molluscan shells. These results are supported by the black tests of porcelaneous foraminifera
and reflect iron selectivity. The Cd and Pb concentrations in molluscan shells are high in the El Esh Area
because of oil pollution at this site. The Cu, Zn, and Ni concentrations in the studied invertebrates are
high at Quseir Harbor and in the El Esh Area because of the strong influence of terrigenous materials that
are rich in these metals. The heavy metal contamination is mostly attributed to anthropogenic sources.
