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Geographic distribution of Neosclerocalyptus pseudornatus (circle) and N. ornatus (triangle). 1 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 2 Olivos, 3 Mar del Plata, 4, San Pedro, 5 Granadero Baigorria.
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Neosclerocalyptus Paula Couto (=Hoplophorus = Sclerocalyptus) is a Pleistocene genus of Glyptodontidae Hoplophorini (=Sclerocalyptini) that includes several (ca. twelve) species, many of which have been recognized by typological/morphological taxonomic criteria. Four species have been described for the Ensenadan Stage (early Pleistocene to early-mi...
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Context 1
... and geographical distribution. Early-middle Ensenadan (1.07-0.98 Ma) (early Pleistocene) (Fig. 3). ''Toscas del Río de La Plata'' (see above; Buenos Aires City and Olivos) and Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina (Fig. ...
Context 2
... and geographic distribution. Middle-late Ensenadan (0.98-0.40 Ma) (early-middle Pleistocene) (Fig. 3). Mar del Plata and San Pedro (Buenos Aires province), Granadero Baigorria (Santa Fe province) (Fig. ...
Context 3
... supplied by Ameghino (1889: 817) (e.g. number of peripheral figures surrounding each central figure, slight concavity on dorsal surface of osteoderms, large penultimate lateral figure of caudal tube, etc.) are common to the Hoplophorinae Hoplophorini. Furthermore, he only illustrated three associated osteoderms (Ameghino, 1889; pl. LXXXV, Fig. ...
Context 4
... and development of the fronto-nasal sinuses, possibly as a response to climatic-environmental conditions ( Zurita et al., 2005;Zurita, 2007). To date, the geographical distribution of this species is restricted from 34 31 0 S (''Toscas del Río de La Plata'', Buenos Aires City) to 38 S (Mar del Plata), i.e., central-eastern Argentina (Fig. ...
Context 5
... is a species restricted to the final Ensenadan Stage (0.98-0.40 Ma) (Fig. 3). Its geographical distribution is wider than that of N. pseudornatus, encompassing central and central-eastern Argentina (Buenos Aires and Santa Fe provinces), from 32 53´S53´53´S (Granadero Baigorria, Santa Fe province) to 38 S (Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires province) (Fig. 4). Stratigraphically, the unquestionable records of N. ornatus in Buenos Aires province correspond to two specimens (MLP 16-28 and MACN 8091) collected from the cliffs situated north of Mar del Plata, and possibly from the Miramar Formation (see Kraglievich, 1952). These sedimentary sequences have been little studied compared to those ...
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Intertropical Pleistocene taxa of dasypodids and pampatheriids are reported for the Lagoon-Barrier III System (Arroio Chui locality) and for the Touro Passo Formation (Ponte Velha I locality), both from Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The record of pampatheriids includes new specimens that confirm the presence of Pampatherium humboldti in...
Citations
... The diversity of the Hoplophorinae has been long debated and the validity of many genera has been questioned (e.g., Fernicola, 2008;Paula Couto, 1957;Zurita et al., 2007). A large part of the diversity originally attributed to Hoplophorus is now accepted to belong to the Neosclerocalyptinae on the basis of strong differences in cranium and carapace morphology (Porpino et al., 2010), as it is the case for many specimens from the Pampean region (Zurita et al., 2009b). Currently, only one species of Hoplophorus is accepted as valid from the Pleistocene of Brazil (Porpino et al., 2010). ...
... Comment: For all specimens of this section, there is no associated complete cranium or carapace. As the diagnoses of each species of Neosclerocalyptus focus mainly on cranial characters or overall carapace characters (Zurita et al., 2009b), it is impossible to distinguish some species on the basis of fragmentary material. This is particularly the case for the two oldest species from the Ensenadan, N. pseudornatus and N. ornatus. ...
... However, identification at the genus level is consistent and can be supported by the osteoderm pattern. The set of osteoderms in the remaining specimens follows the genus diagnosis, with dorsal carapace osteoderms exhibiting relatively 'primitive' ornamentation close to Propalaehoplophorinae (Zurita et al., 2009b), i.e., the osteoderms are thin and large with a flat central figure always wider than the peripheral figures of the surrounding line, the demarcation between the figures are well delineated by deep sulci (Zurita et al., 2009b). Quantification of the proportions of central and peripheral figures might be useful in the search for diagnostic elements to recognize Neosclerocalyptus species regardless of the cranial remains and the general profile of the dorsal carapace. ...
Unlabelled:
The present work concerns xenarthrans from the collection of Santiago (Kaspar Jakob) Roth (1850-1924) housed at the Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zurich, one of the most important collections of Pleistocene mammals from Argentina in Europe. Roth was a paleontologist originally from Switzerland who prospected and collected a large amount of Pleistocene megafauna of the Pampean Region of Argentina. The xenarthrans are the main representatives of this collection in Zurich, with 150 specimens. Since 1920, this material has not been revised and is under studied. The present investigation corresponds to a taxonomic revision resulting in 114 reassignments, leading to document xenarthran diversity and discuss their paleoecologies. The high diversity reflects the paleoecology of the Pampean Region during the Pleistocene, with the various abiotic events that impacted the paleoenvironment of this region. Within the Cingulata, the Pampean Region fauna was probably dominated by glyptodonts with a high representation of Glyptodontinae and Neosclerocalyptinae while within the sloths the highest diversity and abundance is found in the Mylodontinae and Scelidotheriinae. These four clades represent both species with high ecological tolerance (e.g., Glyptodon munizi; Catonyx tarijensis) and ecologically highly specialized species (e.g., Neosclerocalyptus paskoensis; Scelidotherium leptocephalum). The presence of such ecological diversity underlines the status of the Pampean Region as a major interest for paleoecological and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13358-023-00265-7.
... The incorporation of new cranial and post-cranial materials in this study (particularly the skull MACN 2894), produced new characters that strengthened the support for the Eleutherocercus clade (see Núñez-Blasco et al. 2021c). In addition, this analysis places Eleutherocercus as the sister group to the Pleistocene D. clavicaudatus, and together places the subfamily Doedicurinae as the sister group to Hoplophorinae (Neosclerocalyptini + Hoplophorini) (see Zurita et al. 2009;Zamorano et al. 2015;among others). ...
The subfamily Doedicurinae is a monophyletic group of glyptodonts with their own anatomical features and mostly known on the basis of the Pleistocene genus Doedicurus, one of the largest recorded taxa. The most distinctive characters of the subfamily, unique within Cingulata, include the absence of ornamentation on the exposed surface of the carapace osteoderms, but instead it has large foramina. In terminal forms of the late Pleistocene, osteoderms have large foramina which tend to cross the entire thickness. The knowledge of the late Neogene diversity of the clade, as well as its evolutionary and geographical history has increased in recent years, with important records in Argentina, where two late Miocene-Pliocene species are recognized: Eleutherocercus solidus from Catamarca and Tucumán provinces, and Eleutherocercus antiquus from Buenos Aires province. The most complete skull of E. antiquus from the early Pliocene Monte Hermoso Formation (ca. 5-4.2 Ma) is reported here. The specimen studied shows a conspicuous pathology on the parietal bones, first reported for fossil cingulates. In addition, the carapace of E. solidus is first described, on the basis of a partially complete specimen from late Miocene-Pliocene (Unknown stratigraphic level) from Tucumán province. The characterization of both species of Eleutherocercus could be improved based on a detailed anatomical study of the new cranial and post-cranial materials. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses of the relationships within the Doedicurinae, as well as their relationship with the remaining clades of Glyptodontidae, could be tested in this study, adding new synapomorphies to the subfamily. The comparative study suggests that a third species previously proposed (E. paranaensis) from the “Mesopotamiense” (late Miocene, Northastern region of Argentina), must be consider as Eleutherocercus sp. Since their oldest record in the late Miocene, the latitudinal distribution of the Doedicurinae seems to have expanded rapidly reaching middle latitudes, particularly during the Pliocene, but during the Pleistocene (particularly the final lapse of this period), they began to retract latitudinally.
... 0.40 Ma) (see Soibelzon et al. 2008a and literature therein), whereas some faunistic evidence suggests that its lower boundary may extend up to the Olduvai event (subchron C2n, between 1.95 and 1.77 Ma (see Soibelzon et al. 2008a) (Fig. 1A). According to Cione et al. (2015) 16 xenarthran species may be confirmed for the Ensenadan of the Pampean Region (more than 50 % are exclusive of this Stage/Age), including 13 cingulate species (Cingulata: Dasypodidae, Chlamyphoridae, Pampatheriidae and Glyptodontidae) and three sloths (Tardigrada: Megatheridae and Mylodontidae) (see Scillato-Yané 1982;Soibelzon et al. 2006a;Soibelzon et al. 2006b;Soibelzon et al. 2008b;Soibelzon et al. 2010;Brandoni et al. 2008;Krmpotic et al. 2009;Zurita et al. 2009a;Zurita et al. 2009b;Miño Boilini & Carlini 2009;Zamorano 2012;Zamorano et al. 2014a;Cione et al. 2015). Among them, Eutatus pascuali Krmpotic, Carlini & Scillato-Yané, 2009, Panochthus intermedius Lydekker, 1895, P. subintermedius Castellanos, 1937, Glyptodon munizi Ameghino, 1889 and Megatherium gallardoi Ameghino & Kraglievich, 1921, stand out for being larger than their post Ensenadan cogeneric taxa (see Soibelzon et al. 2006b;Brandoni et al. 2008;Krmpotic et al. 2009;Zamorano 2012;Zamorano et al. 2014a). ...
... En base a este razonamiento, la depresión de Los Bajos Submeridionales estuvo presente durante casi todo el Pleistoceno superior hasta la actualidad, y la sedimentación de la Formación Fortín Tres Pozos abarcaría, según Iriondo (2007), desde aproximadamente 100.000 años hasta 8.500 años antes del presente. Dataciones recientes, mediante técnicas de termoluminiscencia OSL (UIC2108BL; University of Illinois, Chicago, USA), efectuadas a aproximadamente un tercio de altura desde la base de la formación señalan una edad de 58.16 ±4.39 ka A.P. (Zurita et al., 2009), que se ubica en la etapa inicial del EIO3. Sobreyace a esta unidad un depósito moderno denominado informalmente "sedimentos palustres superficiales" (Iriondo, 2007). ...
... Comentarios.-El reporte previo de Neosclerocalyptus refiere solamente dos especies dentro del Pleistoceno de Santa Fe con edades convencionales 'bonaerense' y 'lujanense' (respectivamente, Neosclerocalyptus ornatus y N. paskoensis; Zurita, 2007;Zurita et al., 2009). Sin embargo, tales ocurrencias carecen de un control estratigráfico de manera tal que las aproximaciones cronoestratigráficas / geocronológicas no resultan precisas. ...
THE QUATERNARY FOSSIL RECORD FROM SANTA FE (ARGENTINA): A FIRST UPDATE. The study of fossil vertebrate and its stratigraphy from the Pleistocene of Santa Fe has recently experienced an important advance. Most of these records are mammals and less frequently fishs, birds and reptiles.The vertebrate assemblages come from three geomorphological regions with Pleistocene record. The first, deposits outcropping in the austral Chaco are assigned to the Late Pleistocene, whereas the information from Northern Pampa is a little oldest, recording deposits since the Middle Pleistocene to the Lower Holocene. Contrarily, Southern Pampa shows few mammalian records only from the Late Pleistocene-early Holocene. The total evidence from Santa Fe allows us to infer that the Pleistocene sequence include different interglacial-glacial events from MIS7 to MIS2 in Northern Pampa, and MIS3 to MIS2 in austral Chaco and Southern Pampa. Despite of the scarce geochronological data, it is possible that some Pleistocene fluvial sedimentary sequence outcropping within these geomorphological regions could belong to the MIS5. It is important to highlight that the age of the fauna coming from the Tezanos Pinto Formation is related with a transition MIS3–MIS2 and the Last Glacial Maximum, being its faunistic composition a complex mixture with subtropical taxa and open faunal association from the pampean plains. All data analyzed suggest that the existence of alternative temporal scenarios different than those accepted until now for the Pleistocene of Santa Fe. These are consistent with several environments, since open and woodland habitats that also include fluvial systems. New geological and paleontological studies will increase our knowledge about the fossil record and its paleobiogeographic relations during the Pleistocene
... 1F,G). Some glyptodonts, such as Neosclerocalyptus, have parallel-sided or gently tapering caudal tubes (Zurita et al., 2009;Fig. 1D,E). ...
... lacking distal expansion (Neosclerocalyptus spp., Plohophorus, Eosclerocalyptus spp., Stromaphorus, etc., Lydekker, 1894; Zurita et al., 2005;Zurita, 2007;Zurita et al., 2009;Zurita et al., 2016; Fig. 1). Whereas ankylosaurids only evolved expanded distal tails once, in the form of a tail club knob (Arbour and Currie, 2015;Zheng et al., 2018), glyptodonts may have evolved this feature twice: once in the doedicurines (e.g., Doedicurus, Eleutherocercus; Lydekker, 1894;Castellanos, 1940), and once in the hoplophorines (e.g., Panochthus, Hoplophorus, and Neuryurus; Lydekker, 1894;Porpino et al., 2010;Zamorano et al., 2014). ...
The unusual clubbed tails of glyptodonts among mammals and ankylosaurines among dinosaurs most likely functioned as weapons of intraspecific combat or interspecific defense and are characterized by stiffening of the distal tail and, in some taxa, expansion of the distal tail tip. Although similarities in tail weaponry have been noted as a potential example of convergent evolution, this hypothesis has not been tested quantitatively, particularly with metrics that can distinguish convergence from long‐term stasis, assess the relative strength of convergence, and identify potential constraints in the appearance of traits during the stepwise, independent evolution of these structures. Using recently developed metrics of convergence within a phylomorphospace framework, we document that convergence accounts for over 80% of the morphological evolution in traits associated with tail weaponry in ankylosaurs and glyptodonts. In addition, we find that ankylosaurs and glyptodonts shared an independently derived, yet constrained progression of traits correlated with the presence of a tail club, including stiffening of the distal tail as a precedent to expansion of the tail tip in both clades. Despite differences in the anatomical construction of the tail club linked to lineage‐specific historical contingency, these lineages experienced pronounced, quantifiable convergent evolution, supporting hypotheses of functional constraints and shared selective pressures on the evolution of these distinctive weapons. Anat Rec, 303:988–998, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
... There are several studies regarding paleobiogeographic aspects of fossil cingulates (Scillato-Yané et al. 2005;Carlini et al. 2008;Zurita et al. 2009aZurita et al. , b, 2011aZamorano et al. 2014), the other large clade of Pleistocene xenarthrans, but SDMs have not yet been applied to this group. Among them, glyptodonts are a particular group to study as, although there is evidence of differentiation in feeding habits between the taxa (Vizcaíno et al. 2011), all glyptodonts have been proposed to forage mostly near the ground based on their general body form. ...
Species distribution models (SDMs) are helpful for understanding actual and potential biogeographical traits of organisms. These models have recently started to be applied in the study of fossil xenarthrans. SDMs were generated for 15 South American late Pleistocene xenarthrans: eight Cingulata (Glyptodon clavipes, Doedicurus clavicaudatus, Panochthus tuberculatus, Neosclerocalyptus paskoensis, Pampatherium typum, Pampatherium humboldtii, Holmesina paulacoutoi, and Holmesina occidentalis) and seven Folivora (Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwinii, Catonyx cuvieri, Catonyx (=Scelidodon) chilensis, Megatherium americanum, and Eremotherium laurillardi). Models were evaluated for three periods: the last interglacial (LIG), the last glacial maximum (LGM), and the Holocene climatic optimum (HCO). Co-occurrence records were studied based on the overlap of the potential distributions and compared with the available biome reconstructions of South America during the LGM to analyze species distribution patterns, ecological requirements, and possible interactions. Our results suggest the existence of provincialization within xenarthran megamammals grouped in at least three bioregions. Northern and southwestern taxa overlap in the Río de la Plata region where also some endemic taxa are found. We observed overlapping potential distributions but separated and continuous realized distributions between closely related xenarthrans suggesting competitive exclusion. A generalized reduction in potential habitats at the end of the Pleistocene was not obvious as some taxa show stable potential areas during HCO when comparing with LGM. Nonetheless, fragmentation of the most suitable areas due to climate variation and the impact of reduction in available land due to sea level changes cannot be ruled out as involved in the extinction.
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... In the last few years, due to recent cladistic and ontogenetic analyses carried out for the family Glyptodontidae, the acknowledgment of the subfamily "Hoplophorinae" has begun to be questionedturning this into a debate that has also gradually reached its tribes (e.g. Zurita, 2007a, Zurita et al., 2009, 2011b for the "Hoplophorini"; Zamorano, 2012, Zamorano and Brandoni, 2013, Porpino et al., 2014 for the "Panochthini"; Oliva et al. 2013, Luna, 2014, Zurita et al., 2016 for the "Lomaphorini", among others). For this reason, it is possible to postulate that the classification system proposed by Hoffstetter and accepted by subsequent authors is currently under debate. ...
... This fact leads to consider the possibility of an oversized taxonomy for the group, a long-term problem cited by many authors in the literature, not only for this tribe but for the whole family (e.g. Hoffstetter, 1958;Paula Couto, 1979;Perea, 1993Perea, , 2005Zurita, 2007a;Zurita et al., 2009;Fernicola and Porpino, 2012;Zurita et al., 2016Zurita et al., , 2018. ...
... Comments: Among the Glyptodontidae, Glyptodon has the widest distribution in South America, and is frequently recorded in Argentina from the Ensenadan Stage/Age to the Lujanian Stage/Age Zurita et al., 2009c). For the Middle Early PleistoceneeEarly Holocene lapse, four species are recognized: Glyptodon reticulatus Owen, 1838, G. clavipes Owen, 1839, G. elongatus Burmeister, 1866 and Glyptodon munizi Ameghino, 1882 (Soibelzon et al., 2006;Zurita et al., 2009bZurita et al., ,c, 2013. According to the reticular pattern of the osteoderms of the central-dorsal region of the carapace, this material is assigned to Glyptodon reticulatus (see Ameghino, 1889;Tonni and Berman, 1988;Zurita et al., 2009c). ...
MIS 3 (60e25 ka) corresponds to a long interstadial episode considered generally warmer than MIS 2 and 4, and including numerous and abrupt DansgaardeOeschger and Heinrich events, sometimes brief but very intense. The materials studied here, coming from the Late Pleistocene exposures in central-north Mesopotamia (Corrientes province, Argentina, Toropí/Yupoí Fm., MIS 3; ca. 52e36 ka), is characterized by the presence of a large and complex vertebrate assemblage, being the Cingulata (Xenarthra) one of the most frequently represented taxa. In this work we provide an updated list of cingulates from Corrientes province, referrable to the Late Pleistocene, after performing new collections in the area and revising previous determinations. This includes: a) Dasypodidae The paleoenvironmental context that may be inferred from the palaeofaunal, particularly from the diversity of cingulates in the Quaternary of Corrientes province, is characterized by alternating cold arid or semiarid pulses and warmer humid ones. Generating new evidence related to MIS 3. Even though the taxa recorded are not new, the relative occurrence of each one shows evident differences with those in other areas. Using this information, the diversity of cingulates is compared to that of Late Pleistocene faunas described for sediments from areas currently located in the provinces of Formosa and Buenos Aires (Argentina), northern Uruguay and southern Brazil. Lastly, palaeoclimatic and palaeobiogeographic aspects that may be inferred from the study of this assemblage are discussed in the context of the MIS 3.
... la sinonimizaron con Scelrocalyptus cordubensis y, más tarde,Zurita et al. (2009) asignaron Sclerocalyptus a Neosclerocalyptus, resultando la especie como N. cordubensis. Los restos asignados a Nopachtus coagmentatus fueron reasignados a Hoplophorus sp. ...
INTRODUCCIÓN El registro paleontológico del Cenozoico de Córdoba es muy extenso y antiguo, ya que los primeros datos sobre ha-llazgos de fósiles de esta provincia datan de la misma década de 1570 de fundación de su ciudad capital durante la se-gunda mitad del siglo XVI (ver Tauber en este volumen). El mismo comprende algunos escasos restos fósiles del Eoceno, pero es más abundante y diverso en grado creciente a partir del Mioceno, hasta el Holoceno. Los principales tipos y gru-pos de fósiles registrados incluyen icnitas de invertebrados y vertebrados, trazas de raíces o rizolitos, estructuras de bio-depositación y otras evidencias de actividad (crotovinas, pi-sadas de mamíferos, rizoconcreciones, moldes de raíces, tú-bulos, coprolitos, nidos de escarabajos, entre otros), oogo-nios y girogonites de carofitas, diatomeas, fitolitos, forami-níferos, poríferos, gastrópodos, ostrácodos, anuros, reptiles, aves y mayoritariamente mamíferos entre los vertebrados.
... Remarks: This biozone has two biostratigraphic indicators (N. paskoensis and Equus [Amerhippus]), both being guide fossils of the Lujanian in Argentina (Cione and Tonni, 2005; Soibelzon et al., 2010; Tonni, 2009; Zurita et al., 2005 Zurita et al., , 2009). On the other hand, this biozone has a numerically supported temporal age of the Tezanos Pinto and La Invernada formations (Cantú et al., 2004Cantú et al., , 2006 Cruz et al., 2010; Kemp et al., 2004; Kröhling, 1999a,b; Kröhling and Iriondo, 1999). ...
... Remarks: this biozone has two biostratigraphic indicators (N. ornatus and C. tarijensis), both guide fossils of the Ensenadan in Argentina (Cione and Tonni, 2005; McDonald, 1987; McDonald and Perea, 2002; Pujos, 2000; Soibelzon et al., 2010; Tonni, 2009; Zurita et al., 2005 Zurita et al., , 2009). Additionally, this biozone has a stratigraphic correlation with the one previously described by superposition of strata. ...
In the last twenty years, several geological and stratigraphical studies
have been undertaken in Córdoba Province, and they have provided
useful bases for biostratigraphic work in the late Cenozoic. However,
paleontological contributions have been limited to preliminary analyses
of mammal assemblages, or specific discoveries. The aim of this work is
to contribute to biostratigraphic knowledge of Argentina through the
study of late Cenozoic mammals from Córdoba Province. Five
localities have been analyzed: San Francisco, Miramar, Río
Cuarto, Isla Verde, and Valle de Traslasierra. Through biostratigraphic
analysis the first records of several taxa were established, and mammal
assemblages with the description and correlation of the sedimentary
strata were confirmed. Finally, three Assemblage Zones (Biozonas de
Asociación) were proposed: 1) Neosclerocalyptus paskoensis-Equus
(Amerhippus) assemblage zone with type area and profile based on the San
Francisco locality, referred to the Lujanian (late Pleistocene-early
Holocene), and comparable to the Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus Biozone of
Buenos Aires Province; 2) Neosclerocalyptus ornatus-Catonyx tarijensis
assemblage zone with type area and profile based on the San Francisco
locality, referred to the Ensenadan (early Pleistocene) and comparable
to the Mesotherium cristatum Biozone of Buenos Aires Province, and 3)
Nonotherium hennigi-Propanochthus bullifer assemblage zone with type
area and profile based on the Los Sauces river, Valle de Traslasierra,
referred to the Montehermosan-Chapadmalalan interval (Pliocene), and
comparable to the Trigodon gaudryi, Neocavia depressidens and/or
Paraglyptodon chapadmalensis Biozones of Buenos Aires Province.
