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Geographic and geological setting of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin and the Po Plain, showing the position of the Moncucco Torinese site and several additional Messinian and Pliocene localities mentioned in the text; sediment distribution is given in grey; black lines indicate boundaries between major tectonic units (modified from Trenkwalder et al., 2008 and Angelone et al., 2011).
Source publication
We present the first comprehensive systematic-faunistic account on a Messinian gastropod assemblage from the Moncucco Torinese site in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin in Italy. In total, the samples yielded 53 gastropod species comprising 40 terrestrial and 13 aquatic species. The assemblage reflects a predominantly dry, rather open and stony landscape...
Contexts in source publication
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... studied material derives from the post-evaporitic deposits overlaying the gypsum strata exploited in the quarry at of Moncucco Torinese, situated along the southern slope of the Torino Hills in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy) ( Fig. 1). Trenkwalder et al. (2008), Angelone et al. (2011), Alba et al. (2014) and Colombero et al. (2014) described the geological setting and the lithostratigraphy of the area in detail. According to these authors the quarry exposes a mainly Messinian succession starting with pre- evaporitic marls and laminated mudstones of the Marne di Sant'Agata Formation of Early Messinian age. This formation is discordantly overlain by the evaporitic Vena del Gesso Formation comprising about 80 m of selenitic gypsum. The post-evaporitic deposits include the "Valle Versa Chaotic Complex" followed unconformably by the brackish-water deposits of the "facies à Congeria", which comprises about 6.5 m of beige to green-blue clayey marls with calcareous paleosol interbeds. This unit contains shells of dreissenid and limnocardiid bivalves along with melanopsid and hydrobiid gastropods and is an equivalent of the Lago-Mare biofacies of the Mediterranean area (Ruggieri, 1962;Roveri et al., 2014). Ostracods and mammals allow a correlation of this unit with the Loxocorniculina djafarovi Zone (5.40 to 5.33 Ma) and MN 13 mammal zone (Angelone et al., 2011;Alba et al., 2014). The top of the succession is represented by the Zanclean Argille Azzurre Formation, which overlays the terrestrial Messinian deposits with deep-water marls of the MP 11 and MNN 12 biozones (Angelone et al., 2011;Alba et al., ...
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... -Gastrocopta serotina was originally described from the Pleistocene (Ložek, 1964) and later detected in Upper Miocene deposits of Austria (Lueger, 1981). The earliest known records derive from the late Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) of Poland ( Stworzewicz et al., 2013). fig. 11), sample M2014: one ...
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... -Eight specimens. Holotype: MGPT-PU 110986 (Pl. 3, fig. 10), sample M2014. Paratype: MGPT- PU 110987 (Pl. 3, fig. 9), sample M2014. MGPT-PU 110988, unassigned sample: two specimens. MGPT-PU 110989, sample M2014: four ...
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... serotina Ložek, p. 210, Pl. 8, fig. 10. 2006 Gastrocopta serotina Ložek, 1964-stWorzeWicz & prisyazHNyuk, p. 167, fig. 2G. 2013Gastrocopta serotina Ložek, 1964 fig. 4C (cum ...
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... -Height: 1.55 mm, width: 0.5 mm (Pl. 3, fig. 10); height: 1.6 mm, width: 0.53 mm (Pl. 3, fig. 9). Derivation of name -In honour of Giuseppe Manganelli, malacologist at the University of ...
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... composition of the clausiliid fauna suggests a stratigraphical position between late Late Miocene and earliest Pliocene, biostratigraphically between early Turolian (MN 12) and early Ruscinian (MN 14). The occurrences of Nordsieckia pontica known until now are limited to MN 9-12 (MN 7/8, indicated by Kókay [2006], needs confirmation), that of Truciella ballesioi is in MN 14. Clausilia baudoni appears, as far as known, also in MN 14. Therefore, with high probability, the clausiliid fauna is of late Turolian (MN 13; Messinian) ...
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... -Eight specimens. Holotype: MGPT-PU 108820 (Pl. 1, fig. 11a-b), unassigned sample. Paratype: MGPT-PU 108821 (Pl. 1, fig. 12), unassigned sample. Additional material: MGPT-PU 108822, sample M7+25: five specimens; MGPT-PU 110961 (Pl. 1, fig. 13), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -Eight specimens. Holotype: MGPT-PU 108820 (Pl. 1, fig. 11a-b), unassigned sample. Paratype: MGPT-PU 108821 (Pl. 1, fig. 12), unassigned sample. Additional material: MGPT-PU 108822, sample M7+25: five specimens; MGPT-PU 110961 (Pl. 1, fig. 13), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -Eight specimens. Holotype: MGPT-PU 108820 (Pl. 1, fig. 11a-b), unassigned sample. Paratype: MGPT-PU 108821 (Pl. 1, fig. 12), unassigned sample. Additional material: MGPT-PU 108822, sample M7+25: five specimens; MGPT-PU 110961 (Pl. 1, fig. 13), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -Fourty specimens. MGPT-PU 110936 (Pl. 6, fig. 13), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110937 (Pl. 6, fig. 14), unassigned sample: one specimen. Additional material (no inventory numbers): sample M3/4: one s.f.; sample M4: four s.f.; sample M4/5: eight specimens s.f.; sample M7+25: four s.f.; sample M7+60: two s.f.; unassigned sample: one a.f., 15 s.f.; sample M2014: three ...
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... -Fourty specimens. MGPT-PU 110936 (Pl. 6, fig. 13), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110937 (Pl. 6, fig. 14), unassigned sample: one specimen. Additional material (no inventory numbers): sample M3/4: one s.f.; sample M4: four s.f.; sample M4/5: eight specimens s.f.; sample M7+25: four s.f.; sample M7+60: two s.f.; unassigned sample: one a.f., 15 s.f.; sample M2014: three ...
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... -The type species, N. fischeri from Pliocene (MN 14), differs mainly by the somewhat stronger sculpture (Truc, 1972b: p. 254, Pl. 18, figs 9-13;Pl. 19, fig. 6; text-figs 1-2; Nordsieck, 1972: p. 167, Pl. 9, figs 6-8). The other differences given by Nordsieck (1981: p. 82) could not be confirmed. It is striking that only one fragment exhibits the two columellar lamellae which are characteristic for Nordsieckia (Nordsieck, 2013a: p. ...
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... -This species was originally described from the Villafranchian (Pliocene) of Fossano (Sacco, 1886a); Ciangherotti et al. (2007) documented it also from the Pliocene of Ceresole d'Alba, which is close to the type locality in the Piedmont Basin. The very poorly preserved, high-spired sinistral specimen from the Upper Messinian Colombacci Formation in the Northern Apennines illustrated by Esu & Girotti (2008) Gyraulus sp. (Pl. 4, fig. 1a-c) Material -MGPT-PU 110881, sample M7+25: one ...
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... -The holotype of Argna proexcessiva from the Pliocene of Tassarolo in the Piedmont Basin, re-illustrated by Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1984), has a thinner peristome and develops only a single palatal plica (according to Sacco, 1889). Therefore, the identification remains somewhat doubtful. Given the variability of these apertural features documented for the Middle to Late Miocene Argna oppoliensis (Andreae, 1902) by Stworzewicz (1999) and for the extant Argna biplicata (Michaud, 1831) (see www.animalbase.org), these differences may be regarded as infraspecific variability. The separation from A. oppoliensis is difficult. Apertural features described by Stworzewicz (1999) do not allow a clear separation of both species. Generally, A. proexcessiva seems to have a weaker sculpture and a more slender shape than A. oppoliensis. Material -Two specimens. MGPT-PU 110891 (Pl. 4, fig. 12), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110892 (Pl. 4, fig. 13), sample M2014: one ...
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... -The holotype of Argna proexcessiva from the Pliocene of Tassarolo in the Piedmont Basin, re-illustrated by Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1984), has a thinner peristome and develops only a single palatal plica (according to Sacco, 1889). Therefore, the identification remains somewhat doubtful. Given the variability of these apertural features documented for the Middle to Late Miocene Argna oppoliensis (Andreae, 1902) by Stworzewicz (1999) and for the extant Argna biplicata (Michaud, 1831) (see www.animalbase.org), these differences may be regarded as infraspecific variability. The separation from A. oppoliensis is difficult. Apertural features described by Stworzewicz (1999) do not allow a clear separation of both species. Generally, A. proexcessiva seems to have a weaker sculpture and a more slender shape than A. oppoliensis. Material -Two specimens. MGPT-PU 110891 (Pl. 4, fig. 12), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110892 (Pl. 4, fig. 13), sample M2014: one ...
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... - Schlickum (1979) revised the European Neogene hydrocenids and recognised three species: the Middle Miocene Hydrocena trolli Schlickum, 1979 from Opole in Poland, the Pliocene Hydrocena dubrueilliana (Paladilhe, 1873) from the Montpellier region in France and the Pliocene Hydrocena puisseguri Schlickum, 1975 from Cessey-sur-Tille in France. Since then, H. dubrueilliana was also detected by Petronio et al. (2002) and Ciangherotti et al. (2007) in Plio-Pleistocene sections of Dunarobba and Ceresole d' Alba (Italy) (see Martinetto et al., 2014 for stratigraphy of Dunarobba). Based on the illustrations provided by Schlickum (1979), Hydrocena trolli and H. puisseguri differ from the species from Moncucco clearly in their broader last whorl and more oblique aperture with an angle between columella and shell axis ranging around 35-40°. Hydrocena dubrueilliana is more similar concerning shell shape, but has also a slightly stouter outline due to the higher last whorl. Based on the descriptions and illustrations of Paladilhe (1873), Schlickum (1975Schlickum ( , 1979 and Ciangherotti et al. (2007), all these species develop delicate growth lines but lack a spiral sculpture. Therefore, we doubt a closer relation of the Messinian species with all these Neogene Hydrocena species. Such spiral sculpture is also developed by Hydrocena cattaroensis (Pfeiffer, 1841) (see Gittenberger Lucilla miocaenica n. sp. terrestrial 180 3 13 12 18 0 15 7 4 0 Janulus cf. spadinii Manganelli , Martini & Benocci, 2011 terrestrial 19 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 Maassen, 1980), but this recent species differs in its much larger last whorl. The globular and strongly ornamented protoconch seems to be characteristic for the family. A near identical sculpture is also developed by Pacific species of the related genus Georissa Blanford, 1864 (see Thompson & Huck, 1985), whilst some Malaysian Georissa species differ in their coarser and meshed sculpture (see Haase & Schilthuizen, 2007 Material -215 specimens. MGPT-PU 110959 (Pl. 1, fig. 1), sample M4: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110960 (Pl. 1, fig. 2): one specimen. MGPT-PU 108823a, sample M3/4: 13 specimens. MGPT-PU 108823b, sample M4: 113 specimens. MGPT-PU 108823c, sample M4/5: 43 specimens. MGPT-PU 108823d, sample M5: 13 specimens. MGPT-PU 108823e, sample M7+25: nine specimens. MGPT-PU 108823f, sample M7+60: two specimens. MGPT-PU 108823g, unassigned sample: 20 ...
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... proposed identification is preliminary, as we did not compare the Moncucco specimens with the poorly known types. Already Strauch (1977) discussed a group of closely related if not conspecific Pliocene to Pleistocene species: Carychium crassum Sacco, 1886 and Carychium pantanellii Sacco, 1886 from the Villafranchian of Fossano (in Sacco, 1886b), Carychium conforme De Stefani, 1880 from the Villafranchian of the Perugia province and Carychium rufolabiatum De Stefani, 1880 from the Early Pliocene of Tuscany. Typical features of all these taxa are the prominent parietal lamella and broad columellar fold, the conspicuously thickened apertural margin and the blunt palatal denticle. Strauch (1977) studied the topotypic material of C. crassum and C. pantanellii in the collection in Turin and stated that they cannot be separated at all. From the context, it is obvious that Strauch (1977) selected C. crassum to be the accepted name for this species. Herein, we tentatively prefer to use C. rufolabiatum as name for this taxon as it gains priority over Sacco's taxa. Moreover, it was described from more or less coeval deposits as the Moncucco specimens. The Pliocene Carychium pseudotetrodon Strauch, 1977, from the Pliocene of France, is morphologically very close to C. crassum but develops a second parietal denticle. Description -A very minute species characterised by its large parietal fold and the well-defined palatal denticle. The specimen from Moncucco has adapically raised growth lines, which are also visible on the French types (see Truc, 1972a). As typical for Carychiella, the punctate shell surface of the protoconch continues on the entire teleoconch (Harzhauser et al., 2014a, ...
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... -Height: 2.55 mm, width: 1.95 mm (Pl. 1, fig. 11a-b); height: 2.2 mm, width: 1.75 mm (Pl. 1, fig. 12). Derivation of name -Named after the type ...
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... -Height: 2.55 mm, width: 1.95 mm (Pl. 1, fig. 11a-b); height: 2.2 mm, width: 1.75 mm (Pl. 1, fig. 12). Derivation of name -Named after the type ...
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... -The sculpture and the development of the lunellar speak for a belonging to C. baudoni, but other characters cannot be observed, because the apertural fragment is incomplete. Distribution -Clausilia baudoni had its first known appearance in Hauterives, Pliocene (MN 14) and is widely distributed in Pliocene deposits (MN ...
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... -This species is recorded from the Late Messinian of Moncucco Torinese and the Malaga Basin ( Guerra-Merchán et al., 2010). Saccoia congermana s.s. occurs in the Messinian of Saint Ferréol at Bollène (Vaucluse, France) and is mentioned from the Late Messinian of the Barcelona region (Royo Gómez, 1922;Wenz, 1929 fig. 11) fig. 11), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -This species is recorded from the Late Messinian of Moncucco Torinese and the Malaga Basin ( Guerra-Merchán et al., 2010). Saccoia congermana s.s. occurs in the Messinian of Saint Ferréol at Bollène (Vaucluse, France) and is mentioned from the Late Messinian of the Barcelona region (Royo Gómez, 1922;Wenz, 1929 fig. 11) fig. 11), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -A typical Tortonian and Messinian species of the Western and Central Mediterranean and a characteristic Lago-Mare element. It is recorded from numerous localities in Italy ( Colalongo et al., 1976;Esu, 1980;Esu & Kotsakis, 1986;Esu & Taviani, 1989;Bandel, 2000;Esu & Girotti, 2008;Do Couto et al., 2014), Greece (Schütt, 1988), southern Spain ( Guerra-Merchán et al., 2010) and the Rhône Basin in France (Fontannes, 1879). Many other French occurrences listed by Wenz (1929) represent different species; e.g.: Melanopsis bonelli sensu Fischer & Tournouër, 1873 from Cucuron has an "impressa-like" shape with high and conical spire and lacks the bulgy shoulder and should not be considered as junior synonym of M. narzolina as proposed by Depéret & Sayn (1901) and Wenz (1929 Material -Thirty specimens; juvenile shells are indistinguishable from slender morphs of Melanopsis narzolina and therefore the numbers may be underestimations. MGPT-PU 110970 (Pl. 1, fig. 8), sample M3/4: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110971 (Pl. 1, fig. 9), sample M3/4: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110972 (Pl. 1, fig. 10), sample M3/4: one specimen. MGPT-PU 108855, sample M3/4: six specimens, MGPT-PU 108856, sample M4/5: six specimens. MGPT-PU 108857, sample M7+25: 15 ...
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... -Two specimens. MGPT-PU 108875 (Pl. 2, fig. 12), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110977 (Pl. 2, fig. 13), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -Two specimens. MGPT-PU 108875 (Pl. 2, fig. 12), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110977 (Pl. 2, fig. 13), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -256 specimens. Holotype: MGPT-PU 110920 (Pl. 7, fig. 3), unassigned sample. Paratype: MGPT-PU 108849 (Pl. 7, fig. 1), unassigned sample. Paratype: MGPT-PU 110921 (Pl. 7, fig. 2), unassigned sample. Paratype: MGPT-PU 110922 (Pl. 7, fig. 4), unassigned sample. MGPT-PU 108839, sample M3: three specimens. MGPT-PU 108840, sample M3/4: 13 specimens. MGPT-PU 108841, sample M4: 12 specimens. MGPT-PU 108842, sample M4/5: 18 specimens. MGPT- PU 108843, sample M7+25: 15 specimens. MGPT-PU 108845, sample M7+60: seven specimens. MGPT-PU 108846, sample M7+80: four specimens. MGPT-PU 108847, unassigned sample: 180 specimens. Description -Tiny discoidal shells with slightly variable but generally low spire; protoconch very low and smooth with few indistinct spiral threads close to the suture along the initial 0.25 whorls. The lower side of the protoconch as visible from the umbilicus bears few "Gyraulus-like" spiral threads. Teleoconch consisting of 2.5-3 regularly and rather narrowly coiled whorls with blunt and irregularly spaced prosocyrt growth lines. The whorls are only moderately convex on the spire, separated by deeply incised sutures. Periphery and base strongly convex, resulting in a nearly circular aperture along the outer lip and base with slight adapical angulation due to the deep suture. The upper part of the aperture is attached above the periphery of the last whorl. Lower side smooth aside from growth lines, which tend to become crowded towards the aperture. Umbilicus deep, conical, showing all preceding ...
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... "subclade" Superfamily puNctoiDea Morse, 1864 Family HelicoDisciDae Pilsbry in H.B. Baker, 1927 Genus Helicodiscus Morse, 1864 Type species Helix lineata Say, 1817; currently considered a junior synonym of Helicodiscus parallelus (Say, 1821); by monotypy. Recent, North America. M7+60: three specimens. MGPT-PU 110918, sample M7+80: one specimen. MGPT-PU 1108826 (Pl. 5, fig. 11), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 1108827 (Pl. 5, fig. 12), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT- PU 110919, unassigned sample: 19 ...
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... "subclade" Superfamily puNctoiDea Morse, 1864 Family HelicoDisciDae Pilsbry in H.B. Baker, 1927 Genus Helicodiscus Morse, 1864 Type species Helix lineata Say, 1817; currently considered a junior synonym of Helicodiscus parallelus (Say, 1821); by monotypy. Recent, North America. M7+60: three specimens. MGPT-PU 110918, sample M7+80: one specimen. MGPT-PU 1108826 (Pl. 5, fig. 11), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 1108827 (Pl. 5, fig. 12), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT- PU 110919, unassigned sample: 19 ...
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... "subclade" Superfamily puNctoiDea Morse, 1864 Family HelicoDisciDae Pilsbry in H.B. Baker, 1927 Genus Helicodiscus Morse, 1864 Type species Helix lineata Say, 1817; currently considered a junior synonym of Helicodiscus parallelus (Say, 1821); by monotypy. Recent, North America. M7+60: three specimens. MGPT-PU 110918, sample M7+80: one specimen. MGPT-PU 1108826 (Pl. 5, fig. 11), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 1108827 (Pl. 5, fig. 12), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT- PU 110919, unassigned sample: 19 ...
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... -A very frequent species, probably due to its robustness. The adult specimens agree fully with the syntype of Sacco (1886b) and especially with the specimen illustrated by Sacco (1896b, fig. ...
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... -Outline, sculpture (shape and number of ribs) and prominent, distinctly bent parietal lamella adjoined by a weaker infraparietal lamella agree fully with the Early Pliocene Strobilops romani as illustrated by Wenz (1915) and Pilsbry (1927). The only difference is that S. romani usually develops a short to punctiform first basal plica, which is missing in the Moncucco shells. This feature seems to be quite variable as documented by the specimens illustrated by Manganelli et al. (2007). Therefore, we refrain from separating the Messinian shells from S. romani on the species level. Strobilops tiarula (Sandberger, 1886), from the Late Miocene of Austria and Poland, agrees well with the species from Moncucco in shape and sculpture and has comparable basal plicae (see Lueger, 1981;Stworzewicz, 1999) but differs in its very narrow umbilicus. The Middle and Late Miocene Strobilops costata and S. joossi (Gottschick, 1911), as described by Stworzewicz (1999) and Stworzewicz et al. (2013), can be separated based on the longer third basal plica and more wide-spaced ribs. Strobilops labyrinthicula (Michaud, 1855) from the Pliocene of the Rhône Basin has a similar sculpture but its base is more convex, has more basal plicae and the parietal lamella is less bent. Strobilops duvali (Michaud, 1862), likewise from the Pliocene of the Rhône Basin, lacks axial ribs, has a much lower spire and the basal plicae are shorter and weaker. The Late Miocene Strobilops pachychila Soós in Bartha & Soós, 1955 is globular and has a higher and more convex base. The Plio-Pleistocene Eostrobilops aloisii Manganelli, Delle Cave & Giusti, 1989 differs in its lower spire and weaker axial sculpture. The Villafranchian E. patuliformis (Sacco, 1886) differs considerably in its high and conical spire and the weak ...
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... -This species is by far the most abundant element in the Moncucco samples, being nearly exclusively represented by spire fragments. Manganelli & Giusti (1997) fig. 1) * 1855 Valvata conoidalis micHauD, p. 49, Pl. 5, fig. 19. 1875 Craspedopoma conoidale Michaud -saNDberGer, p. 726, Pl. 27, figs 28-28a. ?1886b Craspedopoma conoidale Mich. var. fossanense Sacc. -sacco, p. 180. 1923 Bolania (Bolania) conoidalis conoidalis (Michaud) -WeNz, p. 1765 (cum ...
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... -This species is by far the most abundant element in the Moncucco samples, being nearly exclusively represented by spire fragments. Manganelli & Giusti (1997) fig. 1) * 1855 Valvata conoidalis micHauD, p. 49, Pl. 5, fig. 19. 1875 Craspedopoma conoidale Michaud -saNDberGer, p. 726, Pl. 27, figs 28-28a. ?1886b Craspedopoma conoidale Mich. var. fossanense Sacc. -sacco, p. 180. 1923 Bolania (Bolania) conoidalis conoidalis (Michaud) -WeNz, p. 1765 (cum ...
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... subcyclophorella (Gottschick, 1911 fig. 12 a-c (non Helix costata Müller, 1774). 1996Vallonia subcyclophorella (Gottschick, 1911 -Gerber, ...
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... -Length: 4.1 mm, width: 2.5 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 18); length: 3.4 mm, width: 1.95 mm (Pl. 7, fig. ...
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... -Length: 4.1 mm, width: 2.5 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 18); length: 3.4 mm, width: 1.95 mm (Pl. 7, fig. ...
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... -Height: 2.7 mm, width: 1.6 mm (Pl. 2, fig. 13); height: 2.8 mm, width: 1.6 mm (Pl. 2, fig. ...
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... Vallonia Risso, 1826 Type species Vallonia rosalia Risso, 1826; currently considered a junior synonym of Vallonia pulchella (Müller, 1774); by monotypy. Recent, ...
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... -Thousands of specimens. MGPT-PU 110929 (Pl. 7, fig. 17), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110929 (Pl. 7, fig. 18), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -Thousands of specimens. MGPT-PU 110929 (Pl. 7, fig. 17), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110929 (Pl. 7, fig. 18), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -Length: 9.8 mm, width: 5.3 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 13a-b); length 5.5 mm, width: 4.3 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 14); length 5.2 mm, width 4.4 mm (Pl. 7, fig. ...
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... -Length: 9.8 mm, width: 5.3 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 13a-b); length 5.5 mm, width: 4.3 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 14); length 5.2 mm, width 4.4 mm (Pl. 7, fig. ...
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... -Length: 9.8 mm, width: 5.3 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 13a-b); length 5.5 mm, width: 4.3 mm (Pl. 7, fig. 14); length 5.2 mm, width 4.4 mm (Pl. 7, fig. ...
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... -168 specimens. MGPT-PU 110931 (Pl. 7, fig. 13a-b), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110932 (Pl. 7, fig. 14), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110933 (Pl. 7, fig. 15), unassigned sample: one specimen. Additional material (no inventory numbers): sample M3: two specimens; sample M3/4: 14 specimens; sample M4: 33 specimens; sample M4/5: 27 specimens; sample M5: 10 specimens; sample M7+25: 30 specimens; sample M7+60: five specimens; sample M7+80: four specimens; unassigned sample: 40 ...
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... -168 specimens. MGPT-PU 110931 (Pl. 7, fig. 13a-b), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110932 (Pl. 7, fig. 14), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110933 (Pl. 7, fig. 15), unassigned sample: one specimen. Additional material (no inventory numbers): sample M3: two specimens; sample M3/4: 14 specimens; sample M4: 33 specimens; sample M4/5: 27 specimens; sample M5: 10 specimens; sample M7+25: 30 specimens; sample M7+60: five specimens; sample M7+80: four specimens; unassigned sample: 40 ...
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... -168 specimens. MGPT-PU 110931 (Pl. 7, fig. 13a-b), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110932 (Pl. 7, fig. 14), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110933 (Pl. 7, fig. 15), unassigned sample: one specimen. Additional material (no inventory numbers): sample M3: two specimens; sample M3/4: 14 specimens; sample M4: 33 specimens; sample M4/5: 27 specimens; sample M5: 10 specimens; sample M7+25: 30 specimens; sample M7+60: five specimens; sample M7+80: four specimens; unassigned sample: 40 ...
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... -116 specimens. MGPT-PU 108887, sample M3: four specimens. MGPT-PU 108888, sample M3/4: nine specimens. MGPT-PU 108889, sample M4: 18 specimens. MGPT-PU 108890, sample M4/5: ten specimens. MGPT-PU 108891, sample M7+25: ten specimens. MGPT-PU 108892, sample M7+60: 13 specimens. MGPT-PU 108893, sample M7+80: one specimen. MGPT-PU 108894, unassigned sample: 50 specimens. MGPT-PU 110981 (Pl. 3, fig. 1), unassigned sample: one ...
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... -Height: 1.9 mm, width: 1.95 mm (Pl. 5, fig. 1); height: 1.6 mm, width: 1.75 mm (Pl. 5, fig. ...
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... -This is the earliest record of the genus. Material -Twenty-three specimens. MGPT-PU 110951, sample M4/5: five specimens. MGPT-PU 110952 (Pl. 5, fig. 14), sample M7+60: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110953, unassigned sample: eight specimens. MGPT-PU 110954 (Pl. 5, fig. 16), sample M2014: nine ...
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... -This is the earliest record of the genus. Material -Twenty-three specimens. MGPT-PU 110951, sample M4/5: five specimens. MGPT-PU 110952 (Pl. 5, fig. 14), sample M7+60: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110953, unassigned sample: eight specimens. MGPT-PU 110954 (Pl. 5, fig. 16), sample M2014: nine ...
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... -Two specimens. MGPT-PU 110895 (Pl. 5, fig. 1), unassigned sample: one specimen. MGPT-PU 110896 (Pl. 5, fig. 2), unassigned sample: one ...
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... status of Negulopsis bleicheri (Paladilhe, 1873) from the Early Pliocene of the Rhône Basin in France (mammal biozone MN 14) is unclear. No SEM data are available for this species, but the illustrations in Michaud (1862) and Paladilhe (1873) show a slightly conical species with a large and wide aperture and distinct parietal lip, which would allow a separation from the Italian species. Nordsieck (written comm., 2014), however, pointed out that N. bleicheri cannot be separated easily from N. suturalis (based on comparisons with material of the Pliocene species from the collection of the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt). The Pliocene Negulopsis villafranchianus (Sacco, 1886), as illustrated by Esu (1978) from the type locality Tassarolo (Piedmont) and by Ambrosetti et al. (1995b) from the Dunarobba Fossil Forest (Umbria), has a stout outline and a larger ...
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... status of Negulopsis bleicheri (Paladilhe, 1873) from the Early Pliocene of the Rhône Basin in France (mammal biozone MN 14) is unclear. No SEM data are available for this species, but the illustrations in Michaud (1862) and Paladilhe (1873) show a slightly conical species with a large and wide aperture and distinct parietal lip, which would allow a separation from the Italian species. Nordsieck (written comm., 2014), however, pointed out that N. bleicheri cannot be separated easily from N. suturalis (based on comparisons with material of the Pliocene species from the collection of the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt). The Pliocene Negulopsis villafranchianus (Sacco, 1886), as illustrated by Esu (1978) from the type locality Tassarolo (Piedmont) and by Ambrosetti et al. (1995b) from the Dunarobba Fossil Forest (Umbria), has a stout outline and a larger ...
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... -Two specimens. MGPT-PU 110990, sample M2014: two specimens. (Pl. 3, fig. 11); height: 1.5 mm (fragment), width: 0.75 mm (Pl. 3, fig. ...
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... -Two specimens. MGPT-PU 110990, sample M2014: two specimens. (Pl. 3, fig. 11); height: 1.5 mm (fragment), width: 0.75 mm (Pl. 3, fig. ...
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... the excavations, numerous mollusc fossils were detected and picked and Angelone et al. (2011) provided a first preliminary overview. Like the vertebrate fossils, non-marine Upper Messinian mollusc assemblages of the Mediterranean region are extremely rare and descriptions usually focus on the aquatic "Lago-Mare" elements in a wider geological context (e.g., Di Geronimo et al., 1989;Esu & Taviani, 1989;Esu, 2005;Taviani et al., 2007;Guerra-Merchán et al., 2010;Do Couto et al., 2014). Whilst bivalves attained much attention due to the conspicuous radiation and supposed Paratethyan affinities (e.g., Esu, 2007;Esu & Girotti, 2008), the gastropod fauna largely lacks modern revisions. Esu (2007) presented an overview of the most important Italian mollusc faunas of the Lago-Mare biofacies located in Piedmont, Tuscany, Romagna and Marche Apennines, Abruzzo Mountains and Sicily. Especially the Tertiary Piedmont Basin yields several classical Messinian localities, such as San Marzano Oliveto, Sant'Agata Fossili, Stazzano and Narzole along with numerous important Pliocene localities (Fig. 1). The keystone papers on these Messinian and Pliocene gastropods go back to Sacco (1884Sacco ( , 1886aSacco ( , b, 1887Sacco ( , 1889Sacco ( , 1895a, b, 1896a, b) and Pantanelli (1886a, b). During that phase several papers were also devoted to the coeval occurrences in Central Italy (e.g., Scarabelli, 1864;D'Ancona, 1869;Pantanelli, 1879;Cafici, 1880Cafici, , 1883Cardinali, 1880;De Stefani, 1874Capellini, 1860Capellini, , 1868Capellini, , 1874Capellini, , 1879Capellini, , 1880Sangiorgi, 1906). Later, Wenz (1923-1930) summarised these data rather uncritically in his important catalogue. Since then, several partial revisions or new contributions were published by Gillet (1963Gillet ( , 1969, Schlickum (1972), Boeters et al. (1989), Cavallo & Repetto (1989, 1992, Manganelli et al. (1989Manganelli et al. ( , 1990Manganelli et al. ( , 2007Manganelli et al. ( , 2011Manganelli et al. ( , 2014, Manganelli & Giusti (1993, Esu & Girotti (2001), Esu & Ciangherotti (2004) and Nordsieck (2013a, b). In addition, Esu (1980), Esu & Girotti (1989) and Esu et al. (1993) discussed the various assemblages in a paleogeographic and stratigraphic context. Aside from the Italian occurrences, Trenkwalder et al., 2008 andAngelone et al., ...
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Citations
... evidently phylogenetically related but comprise only a few species common to both realms (Esu and Popov, 2012). Finally, the gastropods comprise only endemics resulting from autochthonous Mediterranean speciation (Esu, 2007;Harzhauser et al., 2015). ...
... Dreissena è piuttosto frequente nel livello 2b e si trova sempre rappresentata da valve singole di piccole dimensioni (un solo esemplare mostra le due valve articolate). Anche Theodoxus mutinensis (Fig. 5I) è considerata una specie caratteristica degli ecosistemi di Lago -Mare, citata in numerose località del Messiniano italiano (Harzhauser et al., 2015). Rappresentanti del genere Hydrobia vivono in ambienti molto marginali con salinità atipiche, mentre Bittium reticulatum può indicare anche un ambiente di transizione con limitato apporto di sali (Conti & Esu, 1981). ...
The discontinuous passage between the Messinian and the Pliocene deposits is well exposed in the section studied at San Michele dei Mucchietti (Modena Province), along the banks of the River Secchia. Here, the basal Pliocene deposits yield fossils from different environments and bathymetry. In particular, fresh water species, such as Dreissena polymorpha, Theodoxus mutinensis and Melanopsis marzolina, are found mixed to open marine taxa. In this case, fluvial floods eroded the Late Miocene deposits, transporting clasts and fossils of the Messinian Lago-Mare phase, into deep marine deposits together with Zanclean taxa from shallow and/or deep marine settings. Just in the first levels of the Pliocene column a deep marine environment is recognised. The prevalence of mollusks exclusive of the APT paleocommunities (sensu Tabanelli, 2008) points to a deposition in upper bathyal settings, under the influence of the thermosphere. However, the occurrence of taxa which are preferential or exclusive of the APP paleocommunities suggests, at least in a part of the studied horizons, a deeper deposition under the thermocline, under psychrospheric conditions.
The lithological characters of the horizon in the studied section and the palaeontological content show that the first phase of the Pliocene transgression was characterised by frequent and powerful instability events. This initial phase was relatively brief, in geological times, and soon the typical depositional conditions of the Argille Azzurre Formation installed, with very low sedimentation rate, oligotypic and rare macrofauna scattered within fine clayey sediments, deposited in deep and stable settings.
... Formerly, and even today, the genus Hydrocena has been used as a catch-all genus and numerous old taxa described within this genus have been transferred to Georissa, especially those described from outside Europa and Africa (see below). According to MOLLUSCABASE (consulted January 2022), the genus includes six European extinct species, from the oldest H. atavina Stache, 1889 (taxon inquirendum) from the early Palaeocene of Italy and Slovenia to two Pliocene species from France (Schlickum, 1979;Harzhauser et al., 2015); most of those have smooth shells but H. moncuccoensis Harzhauser, Neubauer & Esu, 2015 was described as having a shell sculptured by spiral-threads separated by slightly narrower spiral grooves, which is a typical feature of the genus Georissa. Recently, Yu & Neubauer (2021) described Hydrocena praecursor from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber as the oldest representative of the family. ...
... Formerly, and even today, the genus Hydrocena has been used as a catch-all genus and numerous old taxa described within this genus have been transferred to Georissa, especially those described from outside Europa and Africa (see below). According to MOLLUSCABASE (consulted January 2022), the genus includes six European extinct species, from the oldest H. atavina Stache, 1889 (taxon inquirendum) from the early Palaeocene of Italy and Slovenia to two Pliocene species from France (Schlickum, 1979;Harzhauser et al., 2015); most of those have smooth shells but H. moncuccoensis Harzhauser, Neubauer & Esu, 2015 was described as having a shell sculptured by spiral-threads separated by slightly narrower spiral grooves, which is a typical feature of the genus Georissa. Recently, Yu & Neubauer (2021) described Hydrocena praecursor from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber as the oldest representative of the family. ...
Hydrocena canttabrica sp. nov. is described from caves in Cantabria, Spain. Unlike the two other extant European species, the Dinaric Hydrocena cattaroensis (Pfeiffer, 1841) and the Macaronesian Hydrocena gutta Shuttleworth, 1852, which are both epigean, the new species is the first cave-dwelling Hydrocenidae already known.
... Overall, the succession appears to be stratigraphically continuous and its lower continental portion may include the Tortonian-Messinian transition. The mollusc assemblages recognized in the continental-brackish intervals indicate an unspecified Tortonian-Messinian age (e.g., Esu & Girotti, 1989;Harzhauser et al., 2015). The occurrence of Bulimina echinata in the calcareous marls just below the first diatomaceous interval is clearly indicative of a Messinian age (Colalongo et al., 1979). ...
The Messinian laminated diatomites exposed in the Capo di Fiume stratigraphic section, near the town of Palena, along the slopes of Mt. Porrara in the Abruzzo Apennines, contain well-preserved articulated fish skeletal remains, often associated with plants. A large collection of fossils from this section was accumulated and donated by Erminio Di Carlo to the Museo Geopaleontologico dell'Alto Aventino, Palena, Italy. Herein, we present the stratigraphy of the Capo di Fiume section and a preliminary biosedimentological study of the fossiliferous laminated diatomites. A taphonomic and paleoecological analysis of the fish remains deriving from the oldest diatomite interval of the succession is also included. The sedimentary succession documents the transition from continental to paralic to coastal to open marine conditions, suggesting the existence of a rather narrow shelf connecting coastal and basinal areas. The deposition of the diatomite laminae took place through different biological mechanisms, most notably the so-called "fall dump", which involved the formation of flocs (mucilaginous aggregates) that included diatom assemblages dominated by Coscinodiscus spp. and Thalassionema nitzschioides. The macrofossil assemblage of the diatomites and the biosedimentological study of the laminated fossiliferous diatomites have provided new data regarding the paleoenvironmental and paleophysiographic setting and the ecological relationships. The diatom content of the fossiliferous (biogenic) laminae as well as the structure and composition of the fish assemblage clearly indicate a depositional marine environment with depths of up to several tens of meters. The fish assemblage is largely dominated by the round herring Spratelloides lemoinei, which represented the trophic nucleus of the original fish community. This and other clupeid species and certain "adventitious visitors" occupied the upper portion of the water column. The "adventitious visitors" are represented by mesopelagic diel vertical migrants (Diaphus edwardsi, Lestidiops sphekodes, Maurolicus cf. muelleri, Myctophum columnae, Paralepis albyi), which were probably attracted in the Capo di Fiume paleobiotope by abundant planktonic organisms as well as by shoals of Spratelloides lemoinei. The lower portion of the water column and the seafloor were well aerated and occupied by a diverse community of demersal fish taxa, especially sparids. The rapid deposition of diatom mats, abundantly represented in the fossiliferous intervals, may have resulted in the swift entombment of fish carcasses, whose fossilization was promoted even under relatively well-oxygenated bottom conditions.
... Sub-unit a consists of azoic grey mudstones turning to yellowish silty mudstones (Fig. 5d) typified by in situ root traces, paleosols and mud cracks and including three/four intercalated lens-shaped, crossbedded conglomeratic layers (Ghibaudo et al., 1985;Dela Pierre et al., 2011. Abundant land plant leaves and a diverse terrestrial vertebrate fauna are found in the yellowish siltstones, which have been interpreted as overbank deposits (Harzhauser et al., 2015;Colombero et al., 2017 and references therein). In this continental in-terval, a low-diversity fish fauna consisting of otoliths of marine and Paratethyan species is found (Grunert et al., 2016;Carnevale et al., 2018;Schwarzhans et al., 2020). ...
The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC; 5.97– 5.33 Ma) is one of the most controversial geological events that influenced the evolution of the Mediterranean Basin in the late Miocene, leaving behind an immense volume of evaporites known as the Mediterranean Salt Giant
(MSG). Today, more than 90% of the MSG evaporitic deposits are located offshore, buried below thick sediments that are Pliocene to Quaternary in age, and have thus been studied mainly by marine seismic reflection imaging. The Balearic Promontory (BP), a prominent
topographic high in the Western Mediterranean basin, contains a unique and tectonically poorly deformed MSC record that resembles the evaporitic record of other peri-Mediterranean marginal and intermediate basins. This PhD thesis was performed in the framework of the SaltGiant European Training Network
(ETN), a cross-disciplinary project whose objective is to understand the formation of the MSG.
The work of the thesis is focused on the MSC deposits of the BP. Multi-disciplinary approach was applied to answer some of the still open questions concerning the MSC event. As a first
step, seismic interpretation of a wide seismic reflection dataset in the Western Mediterranean in general and in the BP in particular was performed, with the aim of refining the mapping of the Messinian units covering the area. To restitute the depositional history of the MSC
evaporites of the BP, a detailed comparison with the Messinian evaporitic units of the Sicilian Caltanissetta Basin was carried out, in which a discussion on how this history matches the
existing 3-stages chrono-stratigraphic ‘consensus model’ is illustrated. The next step consisted in the restoration of the paleo-bathymetry of the BP at the beginning of the MSC, focusing on the relatively less-deformed basin located in the central part of the BP and called the Central
Mallorca Depression (CMD). To achieve this restoration, structural interpretation in the CMD
area was done where the main post-MSC tectonic-related vertical movements that altered the
MSC paleo-bathymetry were identified. Then 2D and pseudo-3D backstripping analysis were applied in collaboration with other colleagues from the SaltGiant project, to restore the paleo-
bathymetry. In the final step, the paleo-bathymetry was used to model the deposition of the
MSC evaporite volumes observed in the CMD using physics-based models built on strait hydraulic-control theory. The results show that the MSC units of the CMD could constitute an undeformed analog of those outcropping on-land in the Sicilian Caltanissetta Basin. Moderate
post-MSC deformation acted along MSC strike-slip corridors in the CMD following the MSC evaporites deposition, thus altering only locally the paleo-bathymetry. A high amplitude
xix
drawdown (>850m) is required during the halite stage of the MSC. The results rise a series of doubts about the current consensus model, still widely accepted. Doubts concern the
synchronous onset of salt at the basin scale, the maximum depth of deposition of the Primary Lower Gypsum (PLG) and the timing of formation of the Resedimented Lower Gypsum (RLG). All the results and discussions hint to the need of revision of the current MSC consensus
model, as well as the importance of initiating drillings offshore over the BP area, which would help revealing many of the mysteries still buried with the MSG.
... The Cassano Spinola Conglomerates (CSC) assigned in the Piedmont Basin to Stage 3 (Dela have, however, received far less attention than both pre-Stage 3 deposits in the same region (Irace et al., 2005;Dela Pierre et al., 2002Lozar et al., 2010Lozar et al., , 2018Violanti et al., 2013;Natalicchio et al., 2014Natalicchio et al., , 2017Natalicchio et al., , 2019Natalicchio et al., , 2021Gennari et al., 2020;Pellegrino et al., 2020;Sabino et al., 2020Sabino et al., , 2021García-Veigas et al., 2021) and time-equivalent deposits exposed onland elsewhere in the Mediterranean (see Andreetto et al., 2021a). Existing studies of the CSC have largely focused on the paleontological study of the macrofossiliferous content (Sardella, 2008;Angelone et al., 2011;Colombero et al., 2013Colombero et al., , 2014Colombero et al., , 2017Harzhauser et al., 2015;Grunert et al., 2016;Carnevale et al., 2018), whereas few papers have explored the micropaleontological content and geochemical signatures of its fine-grained subaqueous portions (Sturani, 1973;Trenkwalder et al., 2008;Esu and Popov, 2012), which might contain the evidence of the hydrological input from the Mediterranean Basin. ...
... Scattered brownish to black shaley lenses intercalated with the yellowish pelites (Fig. 2b) are possibly indicative of ephemeral, marshes that punctuated the alluvial plain. Sediments similar to the ones attributed, in Pollenzo, to member B, and rich in mammal fossils, freshwater and continental gastropods (Angelone et al., 2011;Colombero et al., 2014Colombero et al., , 2017Harzhauser et al., 2015;Grunert et al., 2016) are also found in the Moncucco section. This suggests that continental conditions involved a larger sector of the Piedmont Basin than only the Alba region (Fig. 7b). ...
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Mediterranean Basin at the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis is contentious. One section that records this final phase (Stage 3) is the Pollenzo Section in the Piedmont Basin (NW Italy). Here, we present new stratigraphic, sedimentological, petrographic, micropaleontological (ostracods, calcareous nannofossils, foraminifera, dinoflagellates) and geochemical (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios) data from the Cassano Spinola Conglomerates (CSC) and interpret the paleoenvironment of this northernmost tip of the Mediterranean Basin.
The CSC comprise three depositional units: members A and C, which were deposited subaqueously, and the intervening member B, which is continental. The CSC is topped by a ~ 50 cm-thick black layer, which is directly overlain by the open marine Argille Azzurre Formation of early Zanclean age. Our investigation reveals that member A is largely barren of autochtonous microfossils, except for an almost monospecific ostracod assemblage of Cyprideis torosa at the top, which indicates shallow-water (<30 m) conditions. Paratethyan ostracods and, possibly, taxa of calcareous nannofossils adapted to low-salinity water first occur in member C. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios measured on ostracod valves from the member A/B transition (0.708871–0.708870) and member C (0.708834–0.708746) are lower than the coeval Messinian seawater values (~0.709024) and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of a hypothetical lake filling Piedmont (>0.7090) estimated by means of the present-day ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr signature of the Po river, the main drainage system of Northern Italy that receives the weathering products (including ions) of the Alps and Apennines. These values are likely to reflect the mixing of local high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr river water with low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr from the Mediterranean, which at the time was dominated by inputs from Eastern Paratethys, circum-Mediterranean rivers and Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest that, at times during the final stage of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the Piedmont Basin was hydrologically connected with the main Mediterranean Basin. At regional scale, this implies that the water level in the Mediterranean Basin was relatively high.
... ?Cyathopoma pingyiensis is assigned tentatively to the genus Cyathopoma rather than Procyclotopsis because of the sculpture with indistinct growth lines. In addition to the morphological evidence, there are a large amount of records of Cyathopoma in Asia, but fossil records of Procyclotopsis is rarely known from West Asia (Harzhauser et al., 2015). ?Cyathopoma pingyiensis derived from latest Cretaceous to Paleocene of China, East Asia was the earliest representatives of this extent genus, suggesting that ancestors of Cyathopoma probably originated in the latest Cretaceous to Paleocene at least in East Asia. ...
Our results present a taxonomic and palaeoecological study on non-marine gastropods from the latest Cretaceous to Paleocene deposits of the Pingyi Basin, Shandong Province, eastern China. These gastropods are systematically described: three species belonging to three genera including Physa dongtaiensis Gu, 1989, Hydrobia datangensis Yü, 1977, and the newly established species Cyathopoma pingyiensis sp. nov.; two indeterminata genera and species including Truncatelloidea gen. et sp. indet., and Pomatiopsidae gen. et sp. indet. Among them, Truncatelloidea gen. et sp. indet. and Cyathopoma pingyiensis sp. nov. are the dominant species with the longest record. Cyathopoma pingyiensis, sp. nov. is the earliest representative of this widely distributed Asian extant genus. Sedimentological facies analysis of the gastropod-bearing beds suggested that Truncatelloidea gen. et sp. indet. lived in a small pond with a river inlet and a shallow lake, while Ph. dongtaiensis, ?Pomatiopsidae gen. et sp. indet, and ?H. datangensis only thrived in the shallow lake. Cyathopoma pingyiensis sp. nov. inhabited the land area around the shallow lake. Our results showed that no significant species change of the gastropod fauna across the K/Pg (Cretaceous/Paleogene) boundary was observed in the Pingyi Basin.
... Western and southern Europe (France, Italy): Ambrosetti et al. (1995), Ciangherotti and Esu (2005), Ciangherotti et al. (2007), Esu and Ciangherotti (2004), Esu and Girotti (1975), Esu (1978Esu ( , 1984, Esu et al. (1993), Ferrero et al. (1984), Fischer (2000), Giusti (1971), Harzhauser et al. (2015), Manganelli and Giusti (1993, 1997, Manganelli et al. (1989Manganelli et al. ( , 1990Manganelli et al. ( , 2007Manganelli et al. ( , 2011Manganelli et al. ( , 2014, Nordsieck (2013aNordsieck ( , 2013b, Schlickum (1975), Schlickum and Geissert (1980), Schütt (1976Schütt ( , 1994, Taviani (1989), Truc (1971Truc ( , 1972aTruc ( , 1972b. ...
... Here, we did not separate the Messinian, because only four localities is reliably correlated with the Messinian (e. g. Moncucco Torinese, Italy; Harzhauser et al., 2015). This group comprises also the central and eastern European localities of the Pannonian, Transdanubian, Bessarabian, Khersonian and Maeotian regional stages. ...
... Halaváts, 1903Halaváts, , 1923Lörenthey, 1906;Schlickum, 1978), seven in Spain (Royo Gómez, 1922;Schnabel, 2006b), six in Austria (e.g. Handmann, 1887;Wenz, 1921;Lueger, 1981;Harzhauser and Binder, 2004), five in Moldova (Sinzov, 1883;Prysyazhniuk, 1973;Prysyazhniuk, 2015aPrysyazhniuk, , 2015bGozhik and Prysjazhnjuk, 1978), four in Portugal (Roman and Torres, 1907), two in Slovakia (Fordinál, 1996) and one in each Italy (Harzhauser et al., 2015), Romania (Krejci and Wenz, 1927), Greece (De Stefani et al., 1891), North Macedonia (Schnabel, 2012), Poland (Kadolsky and Piechocki, 2000), Belarus (Gozhik and Prysjazhnjuk, 1978) and Bulgaria (Toula, 1892). Highest α-diversities are recorded from Leobersdorf (43 species), Eichkogel near Mödling (41 species) and Richardhof near Gumpoldskirchen (34 species) in Austria, Ö cs in Hungary (34 species) and Moncucco Torinese in Italy (33 species). ...
We present a critical review of the fossil record of Cenozoic terrestrial gastropods of Europe utilizing a literature- based dataset comprising 1597 species from 584 sites. Net diversity (expressed as species, genus and family richness) and β-diversity (as species, genus and family turnover) reveal several major disruptive phases. Turnovers occurred at the Ypresian–Lutetian and Eocene–Oligocene boundaries, and extinction events took place at the Oligocene–Miocene, Burdigalian–Langhian and Pliocene–Pleistocene boundaries. These biotic shifts correlate largely with global climatic events such as the Ypresian–Lutetian transition from Hothouse to Warmhouse, the Oi-1 glaciation at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary and with the onset of the Pleistocene glacials at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. Phases of diversification during the Lutetian, Burdigalian and Pliocene seem to be linked to phases of relative climate stability. At least five immigration events are reflected by the appearance of exotic elements in European faunas during the Ypresian, Bartonian, Rupelian, Burdigalian and Langhian. Many of them correlate with the formation of terrestrial pathways and major migration events in mammals. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the stratigraphic ranges of families and genera in the European fossil record and discuss the timing of the first appearances of extant genera and species, setting important constraints for future molecular phylogenies.
Pfefferiola nov. nom. pro Oppenheimiella Pfeffer, 1930, non Meunier, 1893, Hochheimia nov. nom. pro Palaeotrichia Nordsieck, 2014, non Guinot, 1976 and “Gibbulinella” sandbergeri nov. nom. pro Pupa simplex Sandberger, 1870, non Gould, 1840 are introduced as new replacement names.
... Sub-unit a consists of azoic grey mudstones turning to yellowish silty mudstones (Fig. 5d) typified by in situ root traces, paleosols and mud cracks and including three/four intercalated lens-shaped, cross-bedded conglomeratic layers (Ghibaudo et al., 1985;Dela Pierre et al., 2011. Abundant land plant leaves and a diverse terrestrial vertebrate fauna are found in the yellowish siltstones, which have been interpreted as overbank deposits (Harzhauser et al., 2015;Colombero et al., 2017 and references therein). In this continental interval, a low-diversity fish fauna consisting of otoliths of marine and Paratethyan species is found (Grunert et al., 2016;Carnevale et al., 2018;Schwarzhans et al., 2020). ...
The late Miocene evolution of the Mediterranean Basin is characterized by major changes in connectivity, climate and tectonic activity resulting in unprecedented environmental and ecological disruptions. During the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.97-5.33 Ma) this culminated in most scenarios first in the precipitation of gypsum around the Mediterranean margins (Stage 1, 5.97-5.60 Ma) and subsequently > 2 km of halite on the basin floor, which formed the so-called Mediterranean Salt Giant (Stage 2, 5.60-5.55 Ma). The final MSC Stage 3, however, was characterized by a "low-salinity crisis", when a second calcium-sulfate unit (Upper Gypsum; substage 3.1, 5.55-5.42 Ma) showing (bio)geochemical evidence of substantial brine dilution and brackish biota-bearing terrigenous sediments (substage 3.2 or Lago-Mare phase, 5.42-5.33 Ma) deposited in a Mediterranean that received relatively large amounts of riverine and Paratethys-derived low-salinity waters. The transition from hypersaline evaporitic (halite) to brackish facies implies a major change in the Mediterranean’s hydrological regime. However, even after nearly 50 years of research, causes and modalities are poorly understood and the original scientific debate between a largely isolated and (partly) desiccated Mediterranean or a fully connected and filled basin is still vibrant. Here we present a comprehensive overview that brings together (chrono)stratigraphic, sedimentological, paleontological, geochemical and seismic data from all over the Mediterranean. We summarize the paleoenvironmental, paleohydrological and paleoconnectivity scenarios that arose from this cross-disciplinary dataset and we discuss arguments in favour of and against each scenario.
... However, there are also species without sculpture that resemble the amber species (e.g., Haase and Schilthuizen, 2007). Conversely, there are Hydrocena species with faint spiral lines, such as the extant H. cattaroensis (Gittenberger, 2015) or the late Miocene H. moncuccoensis (Harzhauser et al., 2015). Given the majority of Georissa species is distinctly sculptured while Hydrocena species are not, classification in the latter genus seems more likely. ...
... The latter four can be distinguished from ?Hydrocena praecursor sp. nov. in their broader shells, slower whorl growth rate and higher number of whorls (Schlickum, 1975(Schlickum, , 1979Harzhauser et al., 2015;Harzhauser and Neubauer, 2018). Additionally, H. puisseguri and H. trolli have a wider umbilicus and H. moncuccoensis bears spiral microsculpture on the teleoconch; all three are larger than ?Hydrocena praecursor sp. ...
... The fossil record of Hydrocenidae is relatively sparse and includes only seven species. Fossil occurrences of the genus Hydrocena have so far been restricted to the Late Oligocene to Pliocene of Europe (Schlickum, 1979;Kadolsky, 1995;Harzhauser et al., 2015;Harzhauser and Neubauer, 2018). The only other Mesozoic hydrocenid fossil involves the monotypic genus Schwardtina Bandel and Riedel, 1994 from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary. ...
A newly-discovered fossil gastropod belonging to the family Hydrocenidae is studied using classic light microscopy and modern micro-CT scans with 3D computer reconstructions. ?Hydrocena praecursor sp. nov. is the oldest known member of the Hydrocenidae and the only Mesozoic representative of the family in Asia. The present finding supports previous assumptions of a Mesozoic origin of the family and indicates that Hydrocenidae have become fully terrestrial at least by the mid-Cretaceous. Moreover, our discovery implies a much wider fossil distribution of Hydrocenidae than previously assumed.
