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... The polymorphism in candidate genes like CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, ACACA, DGAT1, DGAT2,ME1, SCD, LPL, LIPE, BTN1A, MFGE, GH, PRLR, PITX2, POUF1, and STAT5 has been linked with milk yield and composition traits (Tesema and Alemayehu, 2018). So far only some information on polymorphism in Casein gene (Gahlot et al, 2019;Jadhav et al, 2019;Jadhav et al, 2020), Growth hormone gene Jyotsana et al, 2021) and Leptin gene (Choudhary et al, 2022) have been reported in the case of Indian dromedary camel. DGAT1 gene have one of most important QTL associated with variation in milk composition and parameters (Fernir et al, 2002;Kuhn et al,2004). ...
Present study was undertaken to characterise Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene of dromedary
camels (Camelus dromedarius). Molecular characterisation of 773 bp long DGAT1 gene fragment was performed in
Indian dromedary camel through PCR amplification, sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The characterised
DGAT1 gene fragment covered partial exon-6, exon-7, 8, 9 and partial exon-10 and complete intron-6, 7, 8, 9 regions.
A single nucleotide variation was seen at position 463 C>T of exon-8 in both Bikaneri and Kachchhi breeds. Animals
with single and double peaks in the sequence chromatograms were observed at this particular locus. Accordingly,
two alleles (C, T) and only two genotypes (CC and CT) were identified in the Bikaneri and Kachchhi camel breeds.
Bikaneri and Kachchhi camel (Camelus dromedarius) sequence showed highest similarity (99.71%) with predicted
dromedary camel, Ferus (wild) camel, Bactrian camel and Vicugna DGAT1 sequences. With other species like cattle,
buffalo, pig, sheep, goat, yak, dog, cat, killer whale, naked mole rat and human DGAT1 sequence similarity ranging
from 73.55 % to 84.93 % was observed. Pig was closest species (84.93%), whereas American Shorthair breed of cat
(78.08%) was least similar to dromedary camel. Similar relationship was observed between species on the phylogenetic
analysis of DGAT1 gene nucleotide sequences.
Key words: Camel, DGAT1 gene, dromedary, phylogeny
... Amplification of 488 bp fragment spanning from -137 of 5' flanking region (promoter) to +351 bp of κ-Casein gene was successfully achieved by PCR in Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi and Mewari Camels (Fig 1). The present results are in agreement with the findings of Pauciullo et al (2013) in Sudanese camel (Camelus dromedarius), Othman et al (2016) in Maghrabi camel of Egypt and Yamini et al (2019) in Bikaneri camel of India, where the same set of primers was utilised for the amplification of 488 bp fragment of CSN3 gene and it's 5'flanking region. ...
... Accordingly, the frequency of C allele in the sample of 188 Sudanese camels was 0.38, with a variation among the breeds ranging from 0.30 to 0.46 and that of T allele was 0.62 with the variation among the breeds ranging from 0.54 to 0.70. However, Yamini et al (2019) reported 3 fragments of 203 bp, 158 bp and 127 bp upon restriction digestion of 488 bp κ-Casein gene fragment with AluI restriction enzyme in TT genotyped camels of Bikaneri breed, which is in agreement with the present findings but restriction digestion of 158 bp fragment with AluI enzyme leading to 2 daughter bands of 146 bp and 12 bp was not observed in the present investigation involving Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi and Mewari breeds of Indian dromedary; by Pauciullo et al (2013) in Shanbali, Kahli, Arabi and Lahaoi breeds of Sudanese camel; and by Othman et al (2016) in Maghrabi camel reared in Egypt. Thus, the CT genotype reported by Yamini et al (2019) was different from the CT genotype referred in above 3 studies. ...
... However, Yamini et al (2019) reported 3 fragments of 203 bp, 158 bp and 127 bp upon restriction digestion of 488 bp κ-Casein gene fragment with AluI restriction enzyme in TT genotyped camels of Bikaneri breed, which is in agreement with the present findings but restriction digestion of 158 bp fragment with AluI enzyme leading to 2 daughter bands of 146 bp and 12 bp was not observed in the present investigation involving Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi and Mewari breeds of Indian dromedary; by Pauciullo et al (2013) in Shanbali, Kahli, Arabi and Lahaoi breeds of Sudanese camel; and by Othman et al (2016) in Maghrabi camel reared in Egypt. Thus, the CT genotype reported by Yamini et al (2019) was different from the CT genotype referred in above 3 studies. Though, the frequency of C allele (Cytosine) in Indian dromedary is relatively low (0.237), still a rapid directional selection might be attempted in favour of the C allele, which is responsible for the creation of an extra putative site for the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor -1 (HNF-1) transcription factor. ...
The present study was carried out in 112 camels Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi and Mewari breeds of Indian dromedary to detect point mutation in κ- casein encoding gene. Amplification of 488 bp fragment of κ-Casein gene spanning from -137 (5’ flanking region) to +351 bp of κ-CN gene was carried out and genotyped for the g.1029T>C SNP using the restriction enzyme AluI in PCR-RFLP analysis. Three restriction patterns were resolved on 3.5% agarose gels. The pattern 203 bp, 158 bp and 127 bp were resolved successfully for the TT samples. The g.1029T>C transition created an additional restriction site for the enzyme AluI leading to the digestion of 158 bp band into two fragments of 120 bp and 38 bp resulting in the 5 band pattern of 203 bp, 158 bp, 127 bp, 120 bp and 38 bp for CT genotype and 4 band pattern of 203 bp, 127 bp, 120 bp and 38 bp for CC genotype. The genotype frequency, pooled over breed, was 0.045, 0.384 and 0.571 for the CC, CT and TT genotypes, respectively. The frequency of major allele T was observed to be 0.763 and that of C was observed to be 0.237. The existence of CT genotype in sizable number documents the dynamic nature of the locus g.1029T>C SNP, in Indian dromedary breeds. Almost comparable polymorphism was observed in both the sexes. The 3 genotypes, viz. CC, CT, TT, were almost equally distributed among the four Indian breeds (χ2=3.4529; P = 0.750224). The frequency of C allele was lowest in Bikaneri and highest in the Mewari breed. Though the frequency of C allele (Cytosine) in Indian dromedary is relatively low (0.237), still a rapid directional selection might be attempted in favour of the C allele, which is responsible for the creation of an extra putative site for the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor – 1 (HNF-1) transcription factor. The HNF-1 is reported to be involved in regulation of a number of genes associated with innate immunity, lipid and glucose transport, metabolism etc.
... Amplification of 488 bp fragment spanning from -137 of 5' flanking region (promoter) to +351 bp of κ-Casein gene was successfully achieved by PCR in Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi and Mewari Camels (Fig 1). The present results are in agreement with the findings of Pauciullo et al (2013) in Sudanese camel (Camelus dromedarius), Othman et al (2016) in Maghrabi camel of Egypt and Yamini et al (2019) in Bikaneri camel of India, where the same set of primers was utilised for the amplification of 488 bp fragment of CSN3 gene and it's 5'flanking region. ...
... Accordingly, the frequency of C allele in the sample of 188 Sudanese camels was 0.38, with a variation among the breeds ranging from 0.30 to 0.46 and that of T allele was 0.62 with the variation among the breeds ranging from 0.54 to 0.70. However, Yamini et al (2019) reported 3 fragments of 203 bp, 158 bp and 127 bp upon restriction digestion of 488 bp κ-Casein gene fragment with AluI restriction enzyme in TT genotyped camels of Bikaneri breed, which is in agreement with the present findings but restriction digestion of 158 bp fragment with AluI enzyme leading to 2 daughter bands of 146 bp and 12 bp was not observed in the present investigation involving Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi and Mewari breeds of Indian dromedary; by Pauciullo et al (2013) in Shanbali, Kahli, Arabi and Lahaoi breeds of Sudanese camel; and by Othman et al (2016) in Maghrabi camel reared in Egypt. Thus, the CT genotype reported by Yamini et al (2019) was different from the CT genotype referred in above 3 studies. ...
... However, Yamini et al (2019) reported 3 fragments of 203 bp, 158 bp and 127 bp upon restriction digestion of 488 bp κ-Casein gene fragment with AluI restriction enzyme in TT genotyped camels of Bikaneri breed, which is in agreement with the present findings but restriction digestion of 158 bp fragment with AluI enzyme leading to 2 daughter bands of 146 bp and 12 bp was not observed in the present investigation involving Bikaneri, Jaisalmeri, Kachchhi and Mewari breeds of Indian dromedary; by Pauciullo et al (2013) in Shanbali, Kahli, Arabi and Lahaoi breeds of Sudanese camel; and by Othman et al (2016) in Maghrabi camel reared in Egypt. Thus, the CT genotype reported by Yamini et al (2019) was different from the CT genotype referred in above 3 studies. Though, the frequency of C allele (Cytosine) in Indian dromedary is relatively low (0.237), still a rapid directional selection might be attempted in favour of the C allele, which is responsible for the creation of an extra putative site for the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor -1 (HNF-1) transcription factor. ...
