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-General profile of the study population.
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It is evident from literature that an increased body mass index (BMI) may be a potential risk factor for periodontitis. Association between BMI and periodontitis has been ascribed to unhealthy dietary patterns with insufficient micronutrients and excess sugar and fat content. The present study population has been plagued by unhealthy nutritional pr...
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... signifi- cance value of p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Table 1 presents the general profile of the study population. The youngest age group (18-24 years) contributed for one third of the sample size while there were fewer subjects who belonged to the oldest age group (45-54 years). ...
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Background Understanding post-earthquake oral health indicators is essential for developing oral health interventions of the victims. Presumably, due to a geographic difficulty, there has been no investigation to reveal the oral health status of individuals after the Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. Objective The main objective was to determine the oral...
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... 3 Studies have reported, an increased risk of periodontitis for each increase in 1 kg/m 2 of BMI. 2,4,5 Further, some independent association of eating speed, number of missing functional teeth have also been found with BMI. 6,7 Larvin et al recently reported that obesity was associated with higher hospitalization and mortality rate in COVID and periodontal disease may exacerbate this impact. ...
Background: The aim of the study was to assess body mass index (BMI) and oral health status of school teachers in Dharamshala city, Himachal Pradesh. Methods: The cross-sectional study design with stratified random sampling was used. The data was collected through interview and recorded on a structured WHO proforma. Results: The mean BMI of the population in the study was 23.33±3.20. The 545 (68.1%) school teachers had normal BMI, followed by 185 (23.1%) were overweight, 43 (5.4%) were underweight and 27 (3.4%) were obese respectively. The mean total decayed teeth and mean total decayed surfaces were higher in underweight school teachers and the difference was statistically significant. The underweight school teachers (1.51), normal BMI school teachers (1.35) and overweight school teachers (1.33) had higher odds for pocket depth of 4-5 mm (Score 1) than obese school teachers. Similarly, underweight school teachers had higher odds ratio of 2.28 (CI 1.43-3.65) for loss of attachment (LOA) for score 1 (4-5 mm) than obese school teachers. Conclusions: The study found a very weak association of BMI with both periodontitis and dental caries. There was an increase of 7.1% in total decayed teeth and LOA of score 1 (4-5 mm) per sextant in index tooth 26/27 in the given age group of 41-50 years for each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI among the teachers though with a very weak effect size. Further, the study found that under-nutrition as the risk marker for the periodontal pocket and LOA. Keywords: Body mass index, Oral health status, WHO oral assessment for adults (2013)
... The BMI of more than 35% of the adults were in the overweight category in 2008 but now the values are reported to be exceed. The immune responses modulates in the obesity it eventually leads to the increase susceptibility of the infection [1][2][3] . The inflammatory mediators release by the adipocyte triggers the systematic pro-inflammatory state. ...
Background: Obesity is one of the highly emerging chronic disease. It is a major health concern now a days. The BMI of more than 35% of the adults were in the overweight category in 2008 but now the values are reported to be exceeded. The study aimed to assess the relationship between body mass index and chronic periodontitis. Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study with statistical approach, conducted at Karachi medical and dental college, Karachi Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 patients visited the dentist department of the hospital. The study was conducted for six month duration from Jan 2022 to June 2022. The ethical and review board of the hospital approved the study. Results: Among 200, 100 specimens belong to the normal weight category, 73 are overweight, and 27 are from the obese category. In each category, all the specimens are from similar age groups, but more males were present in the overweight and obese categories. Complete data analysis of these patients was performed. Then logistic regression analysis was performed, and it was predicted that periodontitis has a direct relation with the body mass index (BMI). About a 17% risk rate increases with an increase in each unit of BMI. Conclusion: This study supports the hypotheses of the association of obesity with periodontal issues. The body mass index is a factor for the assessment of different health risk factors. The body mass index and smoking are linked with periodontal issues. Smokers and obese people specifically young obese have a more critical periodontal state. Keywords: Body mass index and periodontitis.
... Many mediators have postulated this relationship, namely factors, such as infection, chronic inflammation, and genetic predisposition. 1 Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth resulting from the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host's immune response. 2,3 It is seen that an increased body mass index (BMI) may be a potential risk factor for periodontitis. ...
Background and objective: From the scientific literature, it is evident that general health has a considerable impact on oral health and vice versa. Association between body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis can be due to unhealthy dietary patterns with insufficient micronutrients and excess sugar and fat content. This study intended to assess the relationship between BMI and periodontal health status in students.
... However, other studies have reported increase in severity of chronic periodontitis with increasing fat deposits in obese individuals. [25][26][27][28][29][30] This study was limited by the fact the patients' waist circumference measurement was not used to express obesity, did not assess the severity of periodontitis and the association between obesity and periodontitis. However, this study confirmed that people who are overweight and obese have a high tendency of having chronic periodontitis. ...
Objective: Studies have shown that an increased body mass index (BMI) may be a potential risk factor for periodontitis. The association has been linked to unhealthy dietary patterns containing insufficient micronutrients, and excessive sugars and fats. This study assessed the prevalence of patients who presented with signs and symptoms of chronic periodontitis that were also overweight or obese Methods: A descriptive retrospective review was conducted on all patients who presented at the Periodontology Clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital with chronic periodontitis over five years (2015-2019). Data retrieved from patients' case notes were analyzed and presented as frequencies and percentages. Test for significance was done using Chi-square statistics, and the level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Of the one thousand, one hundred and eighty-nine (1,189) patients who attended the Periodontology outpatient clinic during the 5-year duration, five hundred and forty-nine (549) patients were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Age ranged between 18 and 75 years with a mean age of 41.6±13.9 years. There was a slight male predominance with male: female ratio of 1.14:1. More males were underweight and pre-obese than females. More patients who were overweight and pre-obese were in their third decade of life. A total of 27.1% pre-obese and 9.6% obese class 1 patients had chronic periodontitis involving three teeth while 27.6% pre-obese, 6.2% obese class 1 and 51.2% obese class 2 patients had chronic periodontitis of both anterior and posterior teeth. Conclusion: One out of 3 patients that presented with chronic periodontitis were overweight and 1 out of 12 were obese Citation: Soroye MO, Aikins EA. Periodontitis and body mass index among patients attending a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Nig J Dent Res 2021; 6(1):55-59.
... 26 Although obesity was regarded as a cause of halitosis in the study by Kim et al. (2015), no information was given about the oral condition of the participants. Kumar et al. (2009) assessed the relationship of BMI with periodontal health status and observed that subjects had an increased risk of periodontitis by 57% for each 1-kg/m2 increase in the BMI. 27 Al-Zahrani et al. (2003) and Reeves et al. (2006) evaluated the relationship between BMI and periodontal diseases in adults and observed that the prevalence of periodontitis was higher in obese individuals.28.29 Rosenberg et al. (2007), investigating the relationship between halitosis, BMI and alcohol intake; they stated that alcohol intake and BMI may be factors that help predict halitosis. ...
... Kumar et al. (2009) assessed the relationship of BMI with periodontal health status and observed that subjects had an increased risk of periodontitis by 57% for each 1-kg/m2 increase in the BMI. 27 Al-Zahrani et al. (2003) and Reeves et al. (2006) evaluated the relationship between BMI and periodontal diseases in adults and observed that the prevalence of periodontitis was higher in obese individuals.28.29 Rosenberg et al. (2007), investigating the relationship between halitosis, BMI and alcohol intake; they stated that alcohol intake and BMI may be factors that help predict halitosis. The study also reports that the BMI is predictive of halitosis regardless of alcohol consumption.30 ...
Background: To the best our knowledge there is no study evaluating relationship between only body mass index (BMI) and halitosis. The aim of our study is to examine whether there is a relationship between BMI and halitosis. Material-Methods: For the study population, 200 undergraduate students in the late adolescent period (17-21 years) were evaluated. After the students completed a questionnaire; individuals with good oral hygiene habits (i.e. regular tooth brushing, no caries or filled teeth, no gum bleeding, no systemic diseases, and no drug use) were included in the study. After all the criteria were applied, 61 participants (Male:23, Female:38) were found suitable for the study and BMI of the participants was calculated. Halitosis was determined using organoleptic assessment and a portable sulfur monitor. T-test and simple linear regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results: The average BMI value was 21.71±3.09 for all participants. Linear regression analysis showed that participants’ organoleptic value increases by 0.008 times for each unit increase of BMI, however, the relationship was found not statistically significant (p= 0.829). A one unit increase of BMI value increases the halimeter measurements value by 0.573 times, but this result was not statistically significant (p= 0.893). Conclusion: We conclude that halitosis is independent of high BMI in itself. However, high BMI may be still a risk factor for halitosis due to problems associated with high BMI and related to halitosis, such as systemic diseases, increased risk of periodontitis, xerostomia, etc.
... It is a well-known phenomenon that confirms dental plaque's role in periodontal diseases' etiology [25]. Several studies demonstrated an association between obesity and periodontal problems in adults and adolescents [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Dursun et al. proved that the young obese women showed higher gingival index and gingival bleeding index with no significant difference in probing depth, and clinical attachment level, than the lean women with similar plaque index. ...
... Dursun et al. proved that the young obese women showed higher gingival index and gingival bleeding index with no significant difference in probing depth, and clinical attachment level, than the lean women with similar plaque index. Clinical periodontal indices showed significant correlations with BMI, insulin, lipid levels, and oxidant status markers [34]. Diet induced obesity in mice has been shown to decrease the immune system's ability to respond to periodontal pathogens [36]. ...
Abstract Background Research studies indicate that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may increase susceptibility to periodontal disease. The mechanisms that link both conditions are not entirely understood. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the impact of hormonal and metabolic disturbances on the gingival health and salivary levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL1-β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in adolescent girls with PCOS. Methods Thirty-one patients with PCOS and twenty-eight healthy age-mates (as the control group) were enrolled in the study. Individuals with PCOS underwent blood tests for the determination of hormonal and metabolic parameters. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary testosterone and proinflammatory cytokines in both studied groups. Calibrated dentist assessed oral hygiene and gingival health of all subjects. Results Salivary testosterone was significantly higher in the study group (p = 0.0007). The groups did not differ significantly concerning periodontal parameters. Patients with PCOS revealed higher levels of salivary cytokines (p
... implications of oral health, like implications of caries incidence. 18 in the present study, a large amount of patients with an age range of 12 to 85 were assessed. one limit for the study may be that the periodontal analysis of the patients were made through a selected number of teeth not in- ...
... The outcome confirmed that, for females, this relationship was more strengthened (the altered odds ratio raised from 2.1 to 3.4) whilst female smokers were eliminated from the investigation. 19 In compare to this research males and females, BMI recordings are concerned by the quantity of muscle and the heaviness of bones. In adding, body fat sharing is unlike in males and females. ...
Objectives: Developed and developing countries are facing an obesity epidemic with various health consequences. Few studies have addressed the relationship between obesity and periodontal health. The present study assessed the association of ideal weight, overweight and obese patients in two age groups. To compare frequency of periodontal disease among ideal weight, overweight and obese patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: Medical outdoor at tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Period: 15th January to 14th July 2017. Materials & Methods: A total 100 patients came to the medical outpatients department between 25 to 45 years of age were included. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, subjects BMI score was determined by classifying him/her obese, overweight or normal weight. Periodontal pocket depth was determined by WHO probe of at least one tooth from each sextant under supervision of my supervisor and three senior trainees. Frequency of periodontal disease was seen in ideal weight, overweight and obese subjects in both age groups. Results: Age range in his study was from 25 to 45 years with mean age of 36.9 ±7.51 years. Out of 100 patients 66 (66%) were females & 34 (34%) were males and with male to female ratio 1.9:1. Periodontal disease was present in 47 female patients (71%) and in 24 male patients (70%). Periodontal disease was present in over weight and obese patients more than normal weight. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is positive correlation of periodontal disease in overweight and obese patients. The frequency of periodontal disease was highest in old obese patients.
... 20 The logistic regression investigation discovered that the risk of Periodontitis raise by l6% increase of 1 kg/m2 in BMI. 9 Another study estimated 513 mine laborers in India aged 18 to 54 years, reporting a 57% risk of periodontitis high of 1 kg/ m2 in BMI. 18 ...
Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the inflammation of the gingiva extending into the supporting structure of teeth. Periodontal disease is characterized by loss of clinical attachment due to destruction of the periodontal ligament and loss of the adjacent supporting bone eventually leading to tooth loss. Obesity is unusual or unnecessary fat deposition that may harm health. A number of hypotheses for biological reactions among obesity and periodontal disease have been anticipated. Objectives: To determine the frequency of ideal weight, overweight and obese patients in dental outdoor of FMH Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: Medical Outdoor at Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. Period: 15th January to 14th July 2017. Material & Methods: A total 100 patients came to the medical outpatients department between 25 to 45 years of age were included. Patients satisfying the inclusion criteria, subjects BMI score were checked by classifying him/her obese, overweight or normal weight. Periodontal pocket depth was observed by WHO probe of one tooth from each male and female patient. Frequency of periodontal disease was seen in subjects. Results: Age range in his study was from 25 to 45 years with mean age of 36.9 ±7.51 years. In 100 patients 66 (66%) were females & 34 (34%) were males and with male to female ratio 1.9:1. Periodontal disease was seen in 47 female patients (71%) and in 24 male patients (70%). Pocket depth was present in over weight and obese patients more than normal weight. Conclusion: current study accomplished that there is positive association of periodontal disease in overweight and obese patients. The incidence of periodontal disease was highest in female obese patients.
... Pada studi yang dilakukan oleh Mohammed di Irak dilaporkan bahwa gingivitis ringan paling banyak terjadi pada kategori kelebihan berat badan maupun berat badan normal. 18 Hal ini selaras dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kumar et al. 19 di India pada subjek penelitian berusia 18-54 tahun yang menyatakan bahwa kelebihan berat badan pada orang dewasa bisa menjadi faktor risiko yang potensial untuk mengalami masalah jaringan periodontal. Juga sejalan dengan penelitian oleh Pujiastuti 20 yang menunjukkan bahwa orang obes memiliki kemungkinan mengalami diabetes melitus yang merupakan etiologi sekunder sistemik terjadinya penyakit periodontal seperti gingivitis. ...
Gingivitis is an inflammation process of gingiva caused by accumulation of biofilm on plaques around the margin of gingiva as well as an inflammation response against bacteria. Nutritional status is affected by macro and micronutrient intake. Poor nutritional status can cause abnormality of function and structure of oral soft tissue resulting in increased plaque forming which leads to the occurence of gingivitis. This study was aimed to obtain the relationship between nutritional status and the occurence of gingivitis. This was an analytical study using a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling method. There were 77 students as samples. The nutritional status was measured by using body mass index (BMI), and examination of oral cavity was performed to check the occurence of gingivitis. The result showed that 46.8% of students had gingivitis. The nutritional status of the students based on IMT were as follows: 19.5% were categorized as underweight, 65% as normal weight, 9% as overweight, and 6.5% as obese. The bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test showed a P value of 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the nutritional status and gingivitis in students of Dentistry Program, Sam Ratulangi University.Keywords: nutritional status, gingivitis Abstrak: Gingivitis merupakan reaksi inflamasi dari gingiva yang disebabkan oleh akumulasi biofilm pada plak di sekitar margin gingiva dan respon peradangan terhadap bakteri. Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh asupan gizi makronutrien dan mikronutrien yang seimbang. Gizi kurang dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi dan struktur jaringan lunak mulut sehingga pembentukan plak meningkat yang menjadi penyebab awal gingivitis. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan gingivitis. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total populasi sebanyak 77 mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Status gizi diukur menggunakan rumus perhitungan IMT dan pemeriksaan rongga mulut dilakukan untuk melihat ada tidaknya gingivitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 46,8% mahasiswa mengalami gingivitis. Penentuan status gizi berdasarkan IMT mendapatkan sampel kategori kurus (19,5%), normal (65%), berat badan lebih (9%), dan obesitas (6,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square menunjukkan nilai P = 0,000 (0,000 <0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dengan gingivitis pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Universitas Sam Ratulangi.Kata kunci: status gizi, gingivitis
