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Introduction:
Studies evaluating caffeinated coffee (CAF) can reveal ergogenic effects; however, studies on the effects of caffeinated coffee on running are scarce and controversial.
Aim:
To investigate the effects of CAF consumption compared to decaffeinated coffee (DEC) consumption on time trial performances in an 800-m run in overnight-fastin...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... trials were performed in the morning, with an average temperature of 21.38 ± 0.49 • C and a relative air humidity of 88.33 ± 3.76%. In addition, no difference was detected in temperature (21.33 ± 0.49 vs. 21.42 ± 0.51, p > 0.05) or humidity (89.00 ± 3.36 vs. 87.67 ± 4.16, p > 0.05) in the DEC vs. CAF group (Table 1). ...
Context 2
... to BMI, all runners were eutrophic and presented adiposity, evaluated by waist circumference, within the normal classification ( Table 1). The average training was 4.92 (range of 2-7) times per week and a running distance of 2.8 km (range 1-9) per training session (Table 1). ...
Context 3
... to BMI, all runners were eutrophic and presented adiposity, evaluated by waist circumference, within the normal classification ( Table 1). The average training was 4.92 (range of 2-7) times per week and a running distance of 2.8 km (range 1-9) per training session (Table 1). Table 2 shows the food intake. ...
Similar publications
Salatto, RW, Arevalo, JA, Brown, LE, Wiersma, LD, and Coburn, JW. Caffeine's effects on an upper-body resistance exercise workout. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of caffeine on an upper-body resistance exercise workout. Fifteen men (mean ± SD: age, 23.1 ± 1.9 years; body mass, 89.1 ± 13...
Citations
... However, the aforementioned study found an improvement in the mean power output of repeated sprints compared to a placebo. Another important aspect of caffeine on fatigue resistance is the increased production of lactate, which aids in the increased production of lactic anaerobic power [15,[60][61][62]. Additionally, caffeine enhances sodium-potassium ATPase activity and intracellular calcium mobilization, indirectly affecting acetylcholine and dopamine release [60,61]. ...
Background:
caffeine is an ergogenic aid that still needs to be investigated in women's sports performance.
Methods:
Eight semi-professional women's volleyball players (height = 1.63 ± 0.08 m; weight = 66.67 ± 4.74 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. A randomized crossover design was implemented where players underwent caffeine and placebo conditions. In the caffeine condition, participants consumed 5 mg/kg of caffeine based on their body weight before acute training. The evaluations were performed over two weeks of training. In both conditions, the countermovement jump, repeated jumps for 15 s, and handgrip tests were performed. The change of direction was assessed using the 505 test. Well-being was also assessed with a wellness questionnaire. A repeated measures ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed.
Results:
The repeated measures ANOVA revealed a main effect of supplementation (F (1.7) = 8.41, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.54) across the training week on physical performance. Additionally, there was a positive effect on perceived fatigue (F (1.7) = 7.29, p = 0.03, η2 = 0.51).
Conclusions:
Caffeine improved performance and fatigue parameters over one week of training. Further research is needed on women, focusing on physical performance and wellbeing, especially during intense periods.
... However, the aforementioned study found an improvement in the mean power output of repeated sprints compared to placebo. Another important aspect of caffeine is the increased production of lactate, which would aid the increased production of lactic anaerobic power [15,[57][58][59]. Besides, caffeine enhances sodium potassium ATPase activity and intracellular calcium mobilization, indirectly affecting acetylcholine and dopamine release [57,58]. ...
Background: Caffeine is an ergogenic aid that still needs to be investigated in female sports per-formance. Methods: Eight semi-professional female volleyball (Heigth=1.63±0.08 m; Weigth= 66.67 ± 4,.74 kg) players voluntarily participated in this study. A randomised crossover design was carried out. Players went through the caffeine and placebo condition. In the caffeine condi-tion, participants consumed 5 mg/kg of caffeine. The evaluations were performed over two weeks of training. In both conditions, the countermovement jump test, repeated jumps for 15s and hand-grip were performed. Change of direction was assessed using the 505 test. Well-being was also assessed by a wellness questionnaire. A repeated measures Anova and correlation analysis were performed. Results: The repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a main effect of supplementation (F (1.7) = 8.41, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.54) across the training week on physical performance. Besides, there was a positive effect on perceived fatigue (F (1.7) = 7.29, p = 0.03, η2 = 0.51). Conclusions: Caf-feine improved performance and fatigue parameters over one week of training.
... Caffeine or coffee containing caffeine also improves running performance including 100 m (3), 1000 m (4), 1500 m (5), 1 mile (6), and 5 km (7). However, Marques et al. (8) reported that ingestion of coffee containing 5.5 mg·kg −1 of body weight of caffeine did not improve 800-m run performance relative to decaffeinated coffee ingestion in amateur endurance runners. Similarly, a subsequent study by Ramos-Campo et al. (9) reported that 6 mg·kg −1 of body weight of caffeine ingestion did not improve 800-m run performance relative to placebo in trained runners. ...
... However, it may be premature to conclude that caffeine does not improve 800-m run performance based on the aforementioned previous studies (8,9). For example, the two studies used 800-m time trial at track outdoors. ...
... Coffee contains chlorogenic acid that may blunt the caffeine's ergogenic aid (12). Consequently, the effect of caffeine assessed in the studies by Marques et al. (8) and Ramos-Campo et al. (9) might be underestimated. ...
Purpose
Although caffeine is known to possess ergogenic effects, previous studies demonstrated no effect of caffeine on 800-m run performance outdoors which might be due to several uncontrolled factors including pacing strategies. We hypothesized that caffeine ingestion improves a pace-controlled simulated 800-m run performance. We also hypothesized that exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) occurs during the simulated 800-m run, and this response is mitigated by caffeine-induced increases in exercise ventilation.
Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover design, sixteen (3 females) college middle-distance runners who have 800-m seasonal best of 119.97 ± 7.64 s ingested either 1) placebo (6 mg of glucose/kg of body weight) or caffeine (6 mg of caffeine/kg of body weight). Then they performed an 800-m run consisting of 30-s running at 103% of their 800-m seasonal best, followed by running at 98% of seasonal best until exhaustion, which mimics actual 800-m run pacing pattern.
Results
Running time to exhaustion was extended by 7.3 ± 6.2% in the caffeine-ingested relative to placebo trial (123 ± 12 vs. 114 ± 9 s, P = 0.04). Arterial oxygen saturation markedly decreased during the simulating running, but this response was similar (76.6 ± 5.7 vs. 81.1 ± 5.2%, at 113 s) between the caffeine vs. placebo trials ( P ≥ 0.23 for time×supplement interaction and main effect of supplement). Minute ventilation, oxygen uptake (all P ≥ 0.36 for time×supplement interaction and main effect of supplement) and rate of perceived exertion (all P ≥ 0.11) did not differ between the trials throughout the simulating running. HR was higher in the caffeine-ingested trial throughout the simulated running ( P < 0.01 for main effect of supplement). Postexercise blood lactate concentration was higher in the caffeine trial ( P = 0.02).
Conclusions
Caffeine ingestion improves simulated 800-m run performance without affecting exercise ventilation and severe EIAH.
... They also speculated that the RPE assessment may not apply to the high-intensity intermittent nature of team sports or activities such as sprinting and/or resistance exercise [97]. This conclusion is consistent with the lack of impact of coffee consumption on RPE for researchers utilizing an 800-m run [38], cycling sprint/time trial [25,27,32,102], or resistance exercise [44]. ...
... The selection of an appropriate placebo is important in designing a valid study. The majority of researchers have used decaffeinated coffee of a similar roast as the placebo beverage [2,20,21,24,26,32,35,38,44,99,102,186]. Typically, the same brand, roast, and preparation methods have been used for the coffee treatment and the decaffeinated placebo. ...
... Following ingestion of two to three cups of coffee, the plasma levels of caffeine reach 20-50 µM [190]. Keeping in line with this timing, the majority of researchers have utilized protocols where coffee was ingested 60 min prior to exercise/performance measure [2,20,21,24,26,28,32,35,38,99,102,186], with fewer using ingestion times of 45 min [25,44] and 30 min prior to exercise [33,41]. ...
... Most of this evidence was established with laboratory-based studies in which cycling on a cycle ergometer was the exercise activity investigated. However, in experiments about caffeine ergogenicity on endurance running performance, the benefits of this substance are less clear and there is a certain discrepancy in the studies' outcomes [23][24][25][26]. ...
... In the 21 studies included in this systematic review [7,[23][24][25][26]30,34,35,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54], there was a total sample of 254 participants, including 220 men, 19 women and 15 participants with no information about gender. The participants were all runners, of which 167 were categorized as amateur and 87 were categorized as trained runners. ...
... All studies were crossover randomized controlled trials. A total of 18 studies [7,[23][24][25][26]30,35,42,43,45,46,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54] provided caffeine in liquid or capsule form, with doses normalized by participants' body mass. In these studies, the doses of caffeine administered ranged from 3 to 9 mg/kg. ...
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is one of the most widely consumed performance-enhancing substances in sport due to its well-established ergogenic effects. The use of caffeine is more common in aerobic-based sports due to the ample evidence endorsing the benefits of caffeine supplementation on endurance exercise. However, most of this evidence was established with cycling trials in the laboratory, while the effects of the acute intake of caffeine on endurance running performance have not been properly reviewed and meta-analyzed. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature on the effects of caffeine intake on endurance running performance. A systematic review of published studies was performed in four different scientific databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and SportDiscus) up until 5 October 2022 (with no year restriction applied to the search strategy). The selected studies were crossover experimental trials in which the ingestion of caffeine was compared to a placebo situation in a single- or double-blind randomized manner. The effect of caffeine on endurance running was measured by time to exhaustion or time trials. We assessed the methodological quality of each study using Cochrane’s risk-of-bias (RoB 2) tool. A subsequent meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) estimated by Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 21 randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis, with caffeine doses ranging between 3 and 9 mg/kg. A total of 21 studies were included in the systematic review, with a total sample of 254 participants (220 men, 19 women and 15 participants with no information about gender; 167 were categorized as recreational and 87 were categorized as trained runners.). The overall methodological quality of studies was rated as unclear-to-low risk of bias. The meta-analysis revealed that the time to exhaustion in running tests was improved with caffeine (g = 0.392; 95% CI = 0.214 to 0.571; p < 0.001, magnitude = medium). Subgroup analysis revealed that caffeine was ergogenic for time to exhaustion trials in both recreational runners (g = 0.469; 95% CI = 0.185 to 0.754; p = 0.001, magnitude = medium) and trained runners (g = 0.344; 95% CI = 0.122 to 0.566; p = 0.002, magnitude = medium). The meta-analysis also showed that the time to complete endurance running time trials was reduced with caffeine in comparison to placebo (g = −0.101; 95% CI = −0.190 to −0.012, p = 0.026, magnitude = small). In summary, caffeine intake showed a meaningful ergogenic effect in increasing the time to exhaustion in running trials and improving performance in running time trials. Hence, caffeine may have utility as an ergogenic aid for endurance running events. More evidence is needed to establish the ergogenic effect of caffeine on endurance running in women or the best dose to maximize the ergogenic benefits of caffeine supplementation.
... Despite some limitations, and due to the absence of national tables, the USDA caffeine database is used by several studies as a source of information on caffeine contents, assuming the limitation that the database does not represent the local food market (for studies outside the US) [32,35,37,38]. In addition, other studies performed their own caffeine analyses that increase the cost and the complexity of the study [39][40][41]. ...
Background:
The lack of a national table informing the caffeine contents in foods, drinks, dietary supplements, and medications sold in Brazil added to the noncompulsory disclosure of caffeine contents on labels of food products makes it difficult to estimate caffeine consumption in the Brazilian population. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Brazilian Caffeine Content Table (BraCaffT).
Methods:
A systematic search for caffeine levels in foods, drinks, recipes, supplements, and medications was performed through a literature review, afterward collecting data from the United States Department of Agriculture Food Data Central, information from manufacturers' and websites, and the Brazilian official medication guide. Subsequently, data systematization was performed in a spreadsheet with standardized values presented in mg of caffeine per 100 g or 100 mL of food or drink and a capsule or pill for medications and some dietary supplements.
Results:
The BraCaffT presents 57 items, divided into 11 categories: coffees, teas and infusions, cocoa powder, chocolates, cocoa-based beverages, desserts, soft drinks, energy drinks, guaraná powder, dietary supplements, and medications.
Conclusions:
The BraCaffT emerges as an instrument of great relevance and wide applicability in clinical contexts, in academic research, and as a database for the Brazilian population to better understand the amounts of caffeine in foods, drinks, dietary supplements, and medications consumed daily favoring a safe intake.
... With all the current hurdles of metabolic benefits quantification and conversion at middle-distance race speed, an approach more similar to studies on top speed might be more relevant. Studies assessing the effects of an intervention on time-trial performance often schedule time-trials a week apart, at the same time of day [8,66], and, theoretically, time trials have a substantial effect on the athletes training load. Together this makes it harder to recruit high-caliber athletes, specifically when comparing more than two conditions [67]. ...
The recent and rapid developments in track spike innovation have been followed by a wave of record-breaking times and top performances. This has led many to question what role “super spikes” play in improving running performance. To date, the specific contributions of new innovations in footwear, including lightweight, resilient, and compliant midsole foam, altered geometry, and increased longitudinal bending stiffness, to track running performance are unknown. Based on current literature, we speculate about what advantages these features provide. Importantly, the effects of super spikes will vary based on several factors including the event (e.g., 100 m vs. 10,000 m) and the characteristics of the athlete wearing them. Further confounding our understanding of super spikes is the difficulty of testing them. Unlike marathon shoes, testing track spikes comes with a unique challenge of quantifying the metabolic energy demands of middle-distance running events, which are partly anaerobic. Quantifying the exact benefits from super spikes is difficult and we may need to rely on comparison of track performances pre- and post- the introduction of super spikes.
... A study conducted by Marques et al. (2018) aimed to investigate whether caffeine consumption could reduce the time needed to complete an 800-meter run in twelve overnight fasted male runners [5]. Twelve individuals were selected for the study as it was found only ten subjects were required to obtain statistically significant results when a pilot study was conducted by the same research group. ...
... A study conducted by Marques et al. (2018) aimed to investigate whether caffeine consumption could reduce the time needed to complete an 800-meter run in twelve overnight fasted male runners [5]. Twelve individuals were selected for the study as it was found only ten subjects were required to obtain statistically significant results when a pilot study was conducted by the same research group. ...
... After examination of the seven randomized controlled trials, this literature review sought to determine if caffeine was able to enhance athletic performance through physiological and neuromuscular effects [3][4][5]9,[11][12][13]. The end goal of this paper was to prove caffeine could be used as a performance enhancing agent prior to an athletic event to give athletes an advantage during competition. ...
Hypothesis: The intake of caffeine can increase physical performance during athletic activity Methods: A search for primary sources was done using PubMed with MeSH terms. The search was limited to randomized controlled trials that were published between 2015 and 2020. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven articles were selected for this literature review. Results: Of the seven randomized controlled trials selected, six demonstrated caffeine ingestion led to a statistically significant increase in physical performance. One of the randomized controlled trials found no statistically significant relationship between caffeine and run timings. Major findings and results of the studies were stated and contrasted against each other. Conclusion: With regards to the results of the selected studies, caffeine was shown to have ergogenic activity and was able to increase physical performance during exercise and sporting competition through multiple mechanisms. Further research should be done with greater sample sizes to determine the effect of rate of metabolism on caffeine activity and to compare caffeine responders and non-responders.
... After examination of the seven randomized controlled trials [3][4][5]9,[11][12][13], this literature review sought to determine if caffeine was able to enhance athletic performance through physiological and neuromuscular effects. The end goal of this paper was to prove caffeine could be used as a performance enhancing agent prior to an athletic event to give athletes an advantage during competition. ...
... A study conducted on endurance athletes have reported a performance improvement when caffeine was administered 60 min prior or during exercising, but they also noted that the greatest chance of optimizing the ergogenic effect is a 7 days abstinence from caffeine before the use [33], while another study recommended a 14 days abstinence in the case of endurance performance in the scenario of a triathlon event [24]. Several studies conducted over the years have reported a significant performance increase following caffeine ingestion in a variety of sports, such as competitive intermittent-sprint [34,35], tennis performance [36], women's rugby seven competition when administered under the form of energy drink [37], but did not impact the quality of technical actions' [76] with another study stating that caffeinated coffee consumption failed to enhance time-trial performance in a 800 m-run in overnight-fasting runners [77]. One study have reported that caffeine intake combined with mental stress, which is the case for sport competitions, triggered a larger, prolonged response in men than in women in triathlon event performance [24], but another study reported enhanced endurance exercise performance in women with a magnitude similar to that in men [38]. ...
Athletes are exposed to a tremendous amount of stress, both physically and mentally, when performing high intensity sports with frequent practices, pushing numerous athletes into choose to use ergogenic aids such as caffeine or β-alanine to significantly improve their performance and ease the stress and pressure that is put onto the body. The beneficial or even detrimental effects of these so-called ergogenic aids can be appreciated through the use of numerous diagnostic tools that can analyze various body fluids. In the recent years, saliva samples are gaining more ground in the field of diagnostic as it is a non-invasive procedure, contains a tremendous amount of analytes that are subject to pathophysiological changes caused by diseases, exercises, fatigue as well as nutrition and hydration. Thus, we describe here the current progress regarding potential novel biomarkers for stress and physical activity, salivary α-amylase and salivary cortisol, as well as their use and measurement in combination with different already-known or new ergogenic aids.
