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| Gaseous emissions from traditional management and treatment units calculated as a percentage of the amount of wastewater fed to the treatment units.
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Due to the water pollution and in order to reduce the nitrogen load applied on soils, biological nitrogen removal treatment of piggery wastewaters was developed in Brittany (France), with 250-300 units running. Four types of treatment processes were built including a biological reactor allowing to remove about 60-70% of the nitrogen content as gas...
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... Maintaining an optimum level of dissolved oxygen could be a way to reduce the pathogens in the system. The study on biological aerobic treatment of wastewater from piggery suggests that pathogenic bacteria are lower in the products from this kind of treatment than in conventional systems (Béline et al., 2008). Furthermore, the oxidation of biosolids through aerobic digestion at specific durations and temperatures could potentially reduce pathogens (Al-Gheethi et al., 2018). ...
As improper processing and disposal of animal waste cause negative impacts on the environment, the animal industry sector must shift to more sustainable practices to lessen these effects. Recently, the application of the circular economy concept in agriculture, using animal waste as part of nutrient cycling, has emerged as a sustainable approach. The study aims to develop and test the small-scale integrated hydroponics-animal waste bioreactor (AWB) for romaine lettuce production using chicken manure tea (CMT) derived from dried chicken manure as a primary nutrient source. Three integrated hydroponics-AWB systems, with varying concentrations of CMT at 1,000 ppm, 1,200 ppm, and 1,400 ppm total dissolved solids (maintained within an upper and lower bound of 50 ppm), were constructed, tested, and compared to conventional hydroponics that used a nutrient solution maintained at 1,000 ppm TDS. The test result suggests that the ideal concentration of CMT in the system is 1,000 ppm. Within the optimum manure tea concentration, the small-scale integrated hydroponics-AWB produced romaine lettuce with growth parameters comparable to conventional hydroponics. In addition, increasing the CMT concentration to 1,400 ppm negatively impacts the plant growth parameters of romaine lettuce. The developed small-scale integrated hydroponics-AWB system provides a viable approach for growing lettuce using animal waste as the major source of nutrients. The developed production system could help mitigate the negative environmental effects of improper handling and disposal of animal waste and dependence on chemical-based nutrient solutions in hydroponic crop production.
... One of the main characteristics of wastewater is its biodegradability, which makes it possible to purify it through biological treatment [22,23]. Phenomena biological phenomena are therefore at the basis of the purification processes used for water of waste water of organic origin, always for domestic ones, whenever possible for industrial or mixed ones [24]. Water purification realised with biological processes artificially reproduces the natural process already present in watercourses [25]. ...
Research objective: This research aims to evaluate the potential of biologically purified water with added beneficial microorganisms for soil and plants for possible use in agriculture. In such a way that this type of water, which is not always accepted by growers, can instead be positively perceived by technicians in the sector and by those who often have no other water resources to irrigate their plants. Materials and Methods: The experiments, which began in April 2023, were conducted to the Abbey of S. Antimo in Piombino (LI) on different types of aromatic plants (rosemary, sage, mint, thyme). The experimental groups were: control; aqueduct water; aqueduct water with added microorganisms; recycled water; recycled water with added microorganisms. On 17 May 2023, plant height, number of leaves, vegetative weight, volume and length of roots, number of microorganisms in the substrate, number of dead plants and pH of the substrate were determined. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that it is possible to use recycled water supplemented with microorganisms to significantly improve plant height, leaf number, and vegetative and root biomass, reducing plant mortality on aromatic species such as mint, rosemary, thyme and sage. In general, a significant increase in plant height and number of leaves as well as vegetative and root biomass was observed in plants treated with microorganisms The trial significantly showed how water inoculated with plant-stimulating microorganisms can significantly increase the vegetative and root biomass of various aromatic plant species. This aspect was also found in other horticultural species. Conclusions: The possible use of these waters in agriculture requires a careful study of the microbial communities present in them, which are often not suitable for plant growth. This experiment aimed to assess whether the use of plant-specific microorganisms added to previously biologically treated water could improve the adaptation and growth performance of certain aromatic species. The results were significant and certainly deserve further studies on other horticultural species.
... Several studies have revealed a high nitrogen removal efficiency of the conventional nitrification-denitrification method. Obaja et al. (2003) removed 99.7% of nitrogen from the supernatant of digested piggery wastewater, Obaja et al. (2005) removed 99% of nitrogen from diluted digested piggery wastewater, Dosta et al. (2008) removed 98% of nitrogen from coagulated/flocculated liquid fraction of piggery waste, and Béline et al. (2008) removed 62-72% of total nitrogen from raw piggery wastewater using conventional biological nitrification and denitrification method. Béline et al. (2008) further posited that if the wastewater is mechanically separated before biological treatment, up to 70-90% of nitrogen could be removed. ...
... Obaja et al. (2003) removed 99.7% of nitrogen from the supernatant of digested piggery wastewater, Obaja et al. (2005) removed 99% of nitrogen from diluted digested piggery wastewater, Dosta et al. (2008) removed 98% of nitrogen from coagulated/flocculated liquid fraction of piggery waste, and Béline et al. (2008) removed 62-72% of total nitrogen from raw piggery wastewater using conventional biological nitrification and denitrification method. Béline et al. (2008) further posited that if the wastewater is mechanically separated before biological treatment, up to 70-90% of nitrogen could be removed. Zubair et al. (2020) also suggested a high nitrogen removal efficiency of the conventional nitrification-denitrification process. ...
Today, the livestock industry is considered to be one of the biggest emitters of ammonia in the world. The nitrogen present in livestock manure has been linked to the contamination of water bodies. Livestock manures contain a significant quantity of recoverable nitrogen. Recovering nitrogen from livestock manure can minimize negative environmental consequences. This also presents an opportunity to generate some revenue by converting the captured nitrogen to marketable nitrogenous fertilizers. Substantial research efforts have been made toward recovering nitrogen from raw as well as digested livestock manures over the last decade. Many novel technologies as well as ones that have already been implemented to recover nitrogen from municipal wastewaters have been studied for their use in the livestock sector. This paper reviews the common manure nitrogen-recovery technologies reported in the literature, summarizes their efficiencies, compares their pros and cons, and identifies the areas for future research. Owing to their higher ammonia recovery efficiencies, relatively fewer drawbacks, lower costs, and ability to produce ammonium fertilizers, air stripping by direct aeration, thermal vacuum stripping, and gas-permeable membrane stripping appear to be the most viable choices for livestock farmers. Further studies should be focused on the economic feasibility, long-term performance on the manure of varying strengths, and the quality of recovered nitrogenous products.
... In biological treatment methods, biological activity of microbes takes place for the reduction of pollutants present in the IW. Generally, aerobic treatment is preferably recommended for high BI IW as it was preferably used for the reduction of phosphorus and nitrogen component of the IW (Béline et al., 2008). On the other hand, anaerobic treatment is more suitable to apply for the high organic/waste containing IW or for warm IW (Karadag et al., 2015;Zakkour et al., 2001). ...
In amidst of advancement of wastewater treatment technologies, economic feasibility is the uttermost major concern for treating an industrial wastewater (IW). There are various techniques that are being used for the IW treatments such as, physiochemical, biological (aerobic and anaerobic), oxidation, membrane processes, etc. Besides high time consumption, biological treatment method is most attractive because of its simplicity and low operating/maintenance cost. Moreover, this particular method is most efficient for wastewater having high biodegradability index (BI). Nowadays, a number of advanced multiple bioreactor such as activated sludge reactor, sequential biological reactor, membrane biofilm reactor, moving-bed biological reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, aerobic granulation technology, etc., are widely applied based on their design and applicability and found suitable for wastewater having low BI. Furthermore, improvements in the performance of bioreactors are intensified by altering the other important parameters including selection of microbes and the properties of wastewater. In the recent times, IW with high organic loads (distillery, pulp and paper, dairy, sugar industry wastewater, etc.) is now used as raw material for the energy generation in terms biogas and electricity. In this context, the performance of biological treatment processes is integrated with some phycochemical treatments methods such as, high-intensity ultrasound waves, electrocoagulation, etc. In this chapter, we summarize recent advancement adopted by biological treatment methods to bring up the current challenges in handling the different types of IW.
... C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 separation is a very important process for the production of polymer-grade C 2 H 2 or C 2 H 4 in the chemical and petroleum industries (Zhao et al., 2015). In addition, NH 3 and CH 4 are the major sources of gaseous pollutants for livestock wastes management (Béline et al., 2008). Therefore, focusing on the above three important gas separation applications, we screened three representative ILs considering some im portant properties such as toxicity, viscosity, melting point, absorption capacity and separation performance. ...
Ionic liquids (ILs) have great potential for separating gases as well as avoiding solvent loss and environmental pollution. An in-depth understanding of the interaction mechanism between ILs and gases is extremely important for exploring and developing high-performing ILs for gas separation. Quantum chemistry is a powerful approach for gaining insight into separation mechanisms. Herein, with the aid of this method, the interaction mechanisms of three representative ILs, i.e., diethylmethylsulfonium tricyanomethane ([S221][CCN3]), triethylsulfonium acetate ([S222][Ace]), and 1-2(-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([OHemim][NTf2]), with CO2/CH4, C2H2/C2H4, and NH3/CH4 mixtures are studied. The results show that hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), which are mainly electrostatic dominant (and sometimes even covalent dominant when the H-bond is sufficiently strong), play a crucial role in gas separation. Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between the distance of the H-bonds and both electron density (ρBCP) and Laplacian values (∇²ρBCP). Symmetry adapted perturbation theory revealed that electrostatic energies are the main contributors to the total attractive energies between ILs and gases ([OHemim][NTf2]-NH3, [S221][CCN3]-CO2, and [S222][Ace]-C2H2). Therefore, based on the above results, we can design the ILs with specific functional groups, which are easy to form H-bonds with the gases to be separated.
... Disposal at greater distances from the biogas plant has an associated cost. Indeed, in some areas where there is no suitable land for manure or digestate spreading (such as Brittany and France), manure may undergo solid-liquid separation, followed by wastewater treatment of the liquid fraction, and composting (and subsequent long distance transport) of the solid fraction as a means of manure disposal [31]. However, as such extreme situations do not occur in Ireland due to its low animal density, it is assumed that all digestate can be transported off farm, in liquid form, and land spread. ...
The majority of studies analysing the economic potential of biogas systems utilise deterministic models to assess the viability of a system using fixed inputs. However, changes in market conditions can significantly affect the viability of biogas plants, and need to be accounted for. This study assessed the economic potential of undertaking on-farm anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and pig manure (PM) using both deterministic and stochastic modelling approaches. The financial viability of three co-digestion plants sized to treat PM generated from 521, 2607 and 5214 sow integrated units was assessed. Under current market conditions the largest co-digestion scenario modelled was found to be unviable. Stochastic modelling of four key input variables (FW availability, renewable electricity tariff, gate fees and digestate disposal costs) was undertaken to assess the sensitivity of project viability to changes in market conditions. Due to the high likelihood of accessing sufficient FW, the smallest co-digestion scenario was found to be the least sensitive to any future changes in market conditions. Due to its potential to treat greater amounts of FW than the smallest scenario, a co-digestion plant designed for a 2607 sow farm had the highest revenue generating potential under optimal market conditions; however, it was more sensitive to changes in FW availability than the smaller scenario. This study illustrates the need for farm-based biogas plant projects to secure long-term, stable supplies of co-substrates and to size plants' capacity based on the availability of the co-substrates which drive methane production (and revenue generation).
... However, in regions where the addition of nitrogen fertilizer has the potential to cause damage to nearby water courses, this disposal route may be unavailable locally [10]. This is particularly the case in regions in Europe designated as Nitrate Venerable Zones (NVZs) by the EU Nitrates Directive (EC 91/676/EEC) [96]. Aerobic wastewater treatment can reduce the N content of PGM by up to 75% making it suitable for subsequent land application locally [96]. ...
... This is particularly the case in regions in Europe designated as Nitrate Venerable Zones (NVZs) by the EU Nitrates Directive (EC 91/676/EEC) [96]. Aerobic wastewater treatment can reduce the N content of PGM by up to 75% making it suitable for subsequent land application locally [96]. Typically aerobic treatment comprises of a two stage anoxic -aerobic process. ...
... Typically aerobic treatment comprises of a two stage anoxic -aerobic process. This allows nitrification and denitrification to occur, with the NH 4 -N in PGM ultimately being converted to N 2 and, to a far lesser extent N 2 O. N 2 O emissions from aerobic There have been studies assessing the GHG mitigation effects of undertaking aerobic treatment of piggery waste [27,96,97]. Béline et al. [96] found that in comparison to direct land application, aerobic wastewater treatment reduces NH 3 emission from PGM by 30%-52% and reduces total GHG emissions by 55%, despite causing an increase in N 2 O emissions (1% of N entering system). ...
Manure management is the primary source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from pig farming, which in turn accounts for 18% of the total global GHG emissions from the livestock industry. In this review, GHG emissions (N2O and CH4 emissions in particular) from individual pig manure (PGM) management practices (European practises in particular) are systematically analyzed and discussed. These manure management practices include manure storage, land application, solid/liquid separation, anaerobic digestion, composting and aerobic wastewater treatment. The potential reduction in net GHG emissions by changing and optimising these techniques is assessed. This review also identifies key research gaps in the literature including the effect of straw covering of liquid PGM storages, the effect of solid/liquid separation, and the effect of dry anaerobic digestion on net GHG emissions from PGM management. In addition to identifying these research gaps, several recommendations including the need to standardize units used to report GHG emissions, to account for indirect N2O emissions, and to include a broader research scope by conducting detailed life cycle assessment are also discussed. Overall, anaerobic digestion and compositing to liquid and solid fractions are best PGM management practices with respect to their high GHG mitigation potential. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2017, Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
... Trends of mean biogas and methane generation by the system. slurry in the aerobic thermophilic digester was effective to decrease the H2S levels from the following anaerobic digester in the two unit system biogas [28,32]. ...
Experiments for highly concentrated contaminants in pig waste slurry were carried out for the feasibility test of a pilot-scale innovative process scheme of engaging autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) and expended granular sludge bed (EGSB) followed by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Contaminants in pig waste slurry such as organic substance, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus (TP) contents were successfully reduced in the system. Total volatile solids (TVS) and chemical oxygen demands (COD) for organic matter in the feed were 32.92 g/L and 42.55 g/L respectively, and they were reduced by about 98.7% and 99.2%, respectively in the system. The overall removal efficiencies for TN and ammonium nitrogen were found to be 98.1 and 98.5%, respectively. The overall removal efficiency for total phosphorus was also found to be 92.5%. Faecal coliform density was reduced to < 1.2×104 CFU/g total solids. Biogas and CH4 were produced in the range of 0.39–0.85 and 0.25–0.62 m3/kg [VS removed], respectively. The biogas produced in the system comprised of 295±26 ppm (v/v) [H2S].
... TP removal proved to be very low (11.4%). Nevertheless, considering the overall treatment system, the nutrient removal efficiencies observed in the present study were higher than those of Béline et al. (2008), who reported that around 80% of nitrogen and phosphorous can be removed or exported, considering overall nutrient removal, including separation and biological treatment. The performance of these systems can be influenced by such factors as the composition of the manure to be treated, the efficiency of transferring oxygen from the aeration equipment, and reactor temperature (Flotats et al., 2011). ...
... N-removal through nitrification-denitrification (NDN) is a well-known process which has already been implemented mainly at individual scale to successfully deal with N-surpluses (Béline et al., 2008;. Availability of biodegradable organic carbon is a key factor when combining this process with an anaerobic digestion step (Deng et al., 2007;Bortone et al., 2009). ...
This report is dealing with the characterization of processes and technologies applicable to manure treatment. Some possible objectives of treatment systems have been identified, depending of the local constrains. The main driving force for adopting a manure processing plant is considered to be the Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) implementation, and the consequent nutrients management requirements, followed by the incentives for renewable energy production (biogas). In this report, 45 unitary processes have been identified and explained. Some of these processes can be found working alone if these are enough for solving the problem that motivated its adoption. Others must be combined for fitting a given objective. Usual combinations have been identified at every unitary process description section and a synthesis of these main combinations is presented. Anaerobic digestion is found to be a key process in strategies dealing with nutrients recovery.
