Figure 8 - uploaded by Özge Çepelioğullar Mutlu
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Gaseous emissions content in the flue gas for the transition phase; (a) CO and (b) NOx (time after the start of the phase) for standardized 13 vol. % O2 content in dry flue gas (STP).
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![Overview of the emission limits in the official regulations [37-39].](profile/Oezge-Cepeliogullar-Mutlu/publication/352837194/figure/tbl4/AS:1040334708568066@1625046531515/Overview-of-the-emission-limits-in-the-official-regulations-37-39_Q320.jpg)
In this study, a small-scale (4.7 kWfuel) biomass burner based on “top-lit updraft” (TLUD) technology with automatic process control was developed for process heat generation. The combustion experiments were performed using wood pellets to gain more insights on the process, its repeatability and the behaviors of the emitted gaseous and particulate...
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Wood pellets on the German pellet market mainly consist of spruce wood, but other wood species are increasingly used during pellet production. Moreover, additives such as starch or kaolin can be added to improve fuel quality and combustion behavior. Consequently, wood pellets vary in their physical and chemical properties and this variation might a...
In Germany, wood pellets must fulfill high quality standards to be utilized in small-scale furnaces. According to current legislation, i.e., the 1st BImSchV, only ENplus A1–certified pellets may be used. Despite these strict requirements, physical fuel parameters can vary within the permissible range and variation usually increases due to fuel tran...
Citations
... He et al. studied an automatic process control (APC) strategy in a smart grid to get steady power consumption [10,11]. Dennis et al. developed a diminutive biomass energy combustor for process heat generation, which is on the basis of "maximum combustion current" technology and has repetitive feedback APC [12]. Efheij and Albagul presented a comprehensive repeated-feedback process controller that is a neural network to maintain stability [13]. ...
Applying the optimal problem, we get the optimal power supply and price. However, how to make the real power consumption close to the optimal power supply is still worth studying. This paper proposes a novel data-driven inverse proportional function-based repeated-feedback adjustment strategy to control the users’ real power consumption. With the repeated-feedback adjustment, we adjust the real-time prices according to changes in the power discrepancy between the optimal power supply and the users’ real power consumption. If and only if the power discrepancy deviates the preset range, the real power consumption in different periods will be adjusted through the change of the price, so the adjustment times is the least. Numerical results on real power market show that the novel inverse proportional function-based repeated-feedback adjustment strategy brought forward in the article achieves better effect than the linear one, that is to say, the adjustments times and standard error of the residuals are less. Meanwhile, profit and whole social welfare are more. The proposed strategy can obtain more steady and dependable consumption load close to the optimal power supply, which is conducive to the balanced supply of electric energy.
