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Ganoderma ellipsoideum (GACP14080966, holotype) a Upper surface. b Lower surface. c Cut surface. d Pores in the lower surface (4.5×). e Pieces of the specimen. f-i Spores (100×). j Skeletal hyphae (100×). k Binding hyphae (100×). Scale bars: f-i = 10 μm, j-k = 5 μm.
Source publication
Species of Amauroderma and Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae) have been widely used as traditional medicines in Asia over many centuries. The genera are widely researched, owing to their beneficial medicinal properties and chemical constituents with potential nutritional and therapeutic uses. There are, however, taxonomic confusions surrounding the specie...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... generative hyphae (n=50) (0.6-)1.1-1.3-2.7(-3.1) μm in width, thin-walled, colorless; skeletal hyphae (n=100) (0.7)1.2-1.6-3.3(3.8) μm in width, greyish orange (5B3), thick-walled, sometimes branched; binding hyphae (n=75) (1.2-)1.5-2.3-4.1(-4.8) μm in width, greyish orange (5B3), thick-walled, branched, intertwined with the skeletal hyphae (Fig. 6). Habitat -On a decaying wood log, accompanied in humus rich soil with over heavily rotted litter in forest, mossy coniferous forests, producing basidiomata from late summer to late autumn. Currently only known from Hainan Province, ...
Context 2
... -Ganoderma ellipsoideum is a new member of genus Ganoderma (Fig. 6) and it is distinguished by ellipsoid spores (6.1-7.3 × 3.7-4.6) μm, with a brown eusporium bearing fine, short and distinct echinulae. It is clustered and morphologically similar with G. gibbosum (Blume & T. Nees) Pat., which is characterized by the sub-flabellate to sub-dimidiate, non laccate pileus, duplex, brown 4-5 mm thick ...
Citations
... At present, Ganoderma is widely distributed in the tropics and temperate areas (4). However, the diversity of Ganoderma species is also abundant in China and more than 40 species have previously been reported (5,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Guangxi is rich in Ganoderma diversity, accounting for about 30% of the total Ganoderma diversity in the country (17). ...
The present study sought to propose Ganoderma guixiense sp. nov. as a new species based on phenotypic and genotypic evidence. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. G. guixiense has been characterized by pileate basidiomata, long stipe, in addition to reddish-black zonate pileal surface. Basidiospores are broadly ellipsoid with one end tapering at maturity, and measuring 9–12.8 × 6.5–9.3 μm. Basidia are oval to subglobose. This study marks the first exploration of the biological characteristics of G. guixiense. The result indicated that the optimal medium of mycelial growth was observed on malt extract agar (MEA) and yeast extract peptone dextrose agar (YPD) while the optimal temperature was found to be 25–30 °C with pH range of 6–7.
... Para cada ejemplar se midieron 20 basidiosporas seleccionadas al azar para determinar la relación Q (longitud-ancho) según Bas (1969). La determinación de los ejemplares se realizó mediante el uso de claves taxonómicas y literatura especializada, y se verificó con descripciones previas de ejemplares (Bhosle et al., 2010;Gomes-Silva et al., 2011;Gottlieb y Wright 1999a, b;Hapuarachchi et al., 2018;Kaur et al., 2017Kaur et al., , 2018López-Peña et al., 2016;Loyd et al., 2018;Ryvarden, 2000;. Se proporciona la descripción completa, la ilustración de las especies y se presenta una clave dicotómica para la identificación de los taxones estudiados en la zona. ...
... Basidiosporas elipsoidales a ovoides, subhialinas, truncadas en el ápice, 8-10.5 × 6-7.5 μm, Q = 1.37. (Ayissi y Mossebo, 2014;Bhosle et al., 2010;Cabarroi-Hernández et al., 2019;Gomes-Silva et al., 2011;Hapuarachchi et al., 2018;Kaur et al., 2018;Patouillard, 1889;Ryvarden, 2000;Steyaert, 1972;Zhou et al., 2015). Para México en los estados de Colima, Oaxaca y Tabasco (Ramos y Cappello, 2009;Raymundo y Valenzuela 2003;Torres-Torres et al., 2015). ...
El género Ganoderma se ha estudiado escasamente en el sureste de México. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad de especies de Ganoderma para México y Tabasco. Se analizaron 247 ejemplares de herbario provenientes de 16 municipios del estado. Se observaron las características macro y micromorfológicas de los basidiomas. Las observaciones microscópicas se hicieron en KOH al 5% y la determinación taxonómica se realizó mediante diversas claves especializadas. Se identificaron y describieron 21 especies de Ganoderma, de las cuales 17 corresponden al subgénero Ganoderma y 4 al subgénero Elfvingia. G. carnosum, G. dunense, G. lipsiense, G. multipileum, G. multiplicatum, G. neojaponicum, G. orbiforme, G. philippii, G. sichuanense,G. stipitatum y G. subresinosum son registros nuevos para México. Dichas especies también son reportes nuevos para Tabasco, incluyendo a G. australe, G. oerstedii, G. oregonense, G. sessiliforme, G. tsugae y G. zonatum. Se presenta una clave dicotómica para las especies identificadas. El inventario refleja la diversidad de Ganoderma en México y el trópico tabasqueño.
... Ganoderma sp. exhibits a high level of phenotypic plasticity even within a species (Hapuarachchi et al. 2018). Therefore, molecular characterization as well as morpho-anatomical study is necessary to identify the species. ...
Ganoderma is a diverse and globally-distributed genus of the family Ganodermataceae that includes many medicinally important species. Besides, they also cause white rot on a variety of tree species and this has economic implications for the timber production industry. In the past century, many species of Ganoderma have been reported from different regions of the world including India. G. meredithiae is a medicinally important mushroom that was for the first time described in the USA. This paper presents the first morphological, anatomical, and molecular (ITS-rDNA) description of Ganoderma meredithiae in India.
... and identified using classical taxonomy and molecular phylogeny (ITS). This species is common in the tropics and phylogenetically distant from G. applanatum [19]. ...
Wild mushrooms have gained great importance for being a source of biologically active compounds. In this work, we evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble crude polysaccharide extract isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Ganoderma aff. australe (GACP). This mushroom was collected in San Mateo (Boyacá, Colombia) and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization. GACP was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The antiradical and antioxidant activity were evaluated by different methods and its anticancer activity was verified in the osteosarcoma MG-63 human cell line. Chemical and spectroscopic analysis indicated that GACP consisted of β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→ residues. The results of the biological activity showed that GACP exhibited high antioxidant activity in the different methods and models studied. Moreover, the results showed that GACP impaired cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay) and cell proliferation (clonogenic assay) in a dose–response manner on MG-63 cells. The findings of this work promote the use of mushroom-derived compounds as anticancer and antioxidant agents for potential use in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
... As a consequence of several taxonomic and molecular phylogenetic studies on Ganoderma, an unexpectedly high level of species diversity has been uncovered worldwide, with the description of many new species (Cao et al., 2012;Cao and Yuan, 2013;Li et al., 2015;Xing et al., 2016Xing et al., , 2018Hapuarachchi et al., 2018bHapuarachchi et al., , 2019Liu et al., 2019;Wu et al., 2020;He et al., 2021). However, many taxonomy confusions have resulted from the great variability in the macroscopic characters of the Ganoderma basidiomata. ...
... China has a complex and diverse plant diversity, and a diversified three-dimensional climate environment that breeds abundant wild Ganoderma resources, thus, a total of 40 species of Ganoderma have been reported in China (Cao et al., 2012;Cao and Yuan, 2013;Li et al., 2015;Xing et al., 2018;Hapuarachchi et al., 2018bHapuarachchi et al., , 2019Liu et al., 2019;Wu et al., 2020;He et al., 2021;Sun et al., 2022). Yunnan is an inland Province with low latitude and high altitudes in southwest China, which is a hotspot of global biodiversity and has abundant wildlife resources Nine type species of Ganoderma viz. ...
Ganoderma is a globally distributed genus that encompasses species with forestry ecological, medicinal, economic, and cultural importance. Despite the importance of this fungus, the studies on the species diversity of Ganoderma in Yunnan Province, China (YPC) have poorly been carried out. During this study, opportunistic sampling was used to collect 21 specimens of Ganoderma from YPC. Morphology and multigene phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1-α), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) were used to identify them. Morphological and molecular characterization of the 21 specimens showed that they belong to 18 species of Ganoderma, of which three are novel viz. G. artocarpicola, G. obscuratum and G. yunnanense. Ganoderma artocarpicola is characterized by the sessile and concrescent basidiomata, reddish brown to yellowish brown pileus surface, heterogeneous context, wavy margin, and ovoid basidiospores. Ganoderma obscuratum is distinguished by small pores (6–9 per mm), dorsolaterally sub-stipitate basidiomata which become greyish-brown when dry, and narrow ellipsoid basidiospores. Ganoderma yunnanense is characterized by cream colour pore surface and context, centrally to laterally stipitate basidiomata with reddish-brown to violet-brown strongly laccate pileus surface, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. With the help of an extensive literature survey and the results of this study, a checklist of 32 Ganoderma species from YPC was established, which accounts for 71.11% of the known species in China. In addition, a key to the Ganoderma in YPC is also provided.
... The morphology of the present collections match with the descriptions of G. subresinosum by Hapuarachchi et al. (2018a) and Hapuarachchi et al. (2019). The present collection resembles G. colossus (Fr.) ...
... So far, G. subresinosum has been reported from Africa, Borneo Island, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines and Sri Lanka (Hapuarachchi et al. 2018a). G. subresinosum was recently reported from Kerala by Kiran et al. (2020). ...
... However, G. fornicatum is separated from the present collection by its smaller basidiospores (6.9-10.3 × 3.6-5.7 μm, Hapuarachchi et al. 2018a) and having distinct echinulae on spore walls. ...
The book "The Polyporales of Kerala" presents an account on the diversity and taxonomy of the order Polyporales of Kerala State, India. Detailed taxonomic descriptions, keys, and photographs to species belonging to 48 genera and 12 families are provided. Identifications are based on morphological and molecular characterization, and follow the latest phylogenetic concepts in polyporoid taxonomy.
... The morphological characteristics that recorded in the previous studies [14][15][16][17] included Basidiomes laccate, corky, Basidiomes sessile/or with a short stipe. Pileus thick at the base, sub-orbicular, rotund, upper surface; reddish brown to dark brown, concentrically sulcate zones with turberculate bumps and ridges and rivulose depressions, with irregularly ruptured crust overlying the pellis, margin; blunt to truncate, greyish orange, lower surface; brownish. ...
... The tested mushroom identified as G. resinaceum according to the macroscopic and microscopic characterizations mentioned in the related literatures [14][15][16][17], in addition, Key to the Ganoderma species reported by Hapuarachchi et al. [16]. ...
... The tested mushroom identified as G. resinaceum according to the macroscopic and microscopic characterizations mentioned in the related literatures [14][15][16][17], in addition, Key to the Ganoderma species reported by Hapuarachchi et al. [16]. ...
Ganoderma was isolated from an apple tree in the Tikrit region (Iraq), according to phenotypic characters and phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer ITS 1 - 5.8S - ITS4 rDNA sequences, this isolate identified as G. resinaceum and registered with accession number MN448375 in the NCBI Database. We described a novel media for artificial cultivation of G. resinaceum, composed of wheat straw as basic substrate amended with premix (paper wastes, poplar sawdust and rice hulls at 1:1:1 (W:W:W) the most suitable medium was wheat straw amended with 20 % of premix, in this medium the highest yield (biological efficiency) of G. resinaceum basidiocarps was recorded. The cultural G. resinaceum characteristics grown in all tested media were also describted. HIGHLIGHTS Isolation and identification of the fungus Ganoderma resinaceum was very important for the purpose of adding this fungus to the mycoflora The production of the fruit bodies of Ganoderma resinaceum is one of the important economic factors, as these fruits are the raw source for the production of many medicinal materials The components of the nutrient medium that are uniquely mentioned in this study are the main key to the growth of this mushroom and the production of its fruiting bodies The production of mushroom Ganoderma resinaceum using agricultural waste, such as wheat straw and paper waste, contributes to the environmental cleaning of these wastes and enters the recycling of resources to produce useful products GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
... Ongoing taxonomic studies of Ganodermataceae from Asia, Africa, Europe, Neotropics and North America have been conducted for a long time with many new species and combinations continually being reported (Otieno 1968, Steyaert 1972, Moncalvo & Ryvarden 1997, Ryvarden 2004a, b, Gibertoni et al. 2008, Le et al. 2012, Coetzee et al. 2015, Gomes-Silva et al. 2015, Hapuarachchi et al. 2019b, Sun et al. 2020, Costa-Rezende et al. 2020b). China has a complex and diverse natural environment resulting in high species richness, and a total of 130 species of Ganodermataceae have been reported (Zhao & Zhang 2000, Dai 2012, Cao & Yuan 2012, Zhou et al. 2015, Hapuarachchi et al. 2018b, Xing et al. 2018, Ye et al. 2019, Sun et al. 2020. The great variability in the macroscopic characters of the basidiomata and the relatively uniform macroand micro-morphology of most species in Ganodermataceae have resulted in many confusions in taxonomy. ...
... For a detailed description of G. ellipsoideum, see Hapuarachchi et al. (2018b). ...
... μm) with distinct spinules on the endospore wall. Hapuarachchi et al. (2018b) × 8-13 μm. Basidiospores ellipsoid, not obviously truncated, pale yellowish brown, IKI -, CB +, double-walled with moderately thick walls, exospore wall smooth, endospore walls with dense spinules, (6.5-)7-9(-9.5) ...
Ganodermataceae is one of the main families of macrofungi since species in the family are both ecologically and economically important. The double-walled basidiospores with ornamented endospore walls are the characteristic features of Ganodermataceae . It is a large and complex family; although many studies have focused on Ganodermataceae , the global diversity, geographic distribution, taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Ganodermataceae still remained incompletely understood. In this work, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on worldwide species of Ganodermataceae were carried out by morphological examination and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from six gene loci including the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene ( rpb2 ), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene ( tef1 ), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU) and the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU). A total of 1 382 sequences were used in the phylogenetic analyses, of which 817 were newly generated, including 132 sequences of ITS, 139 sequences of nLSU, 83 sequences of rpb2 , 124 sequences of tef1 , 150 sequences of mtSSU and 189 sequences of nSSU. The combined six-gene dataset included sequences from 391 specimens representing 146 taxa from Ganodermataceae . Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, 14 genera were confirmed in Ganodermataceae : Amauroderma , Amaurodermellus , Cristataspora , Foraminispora , Furtadoella , Ganoderma , Haddowia , Humphreya , Magoderna , Neoganoderma , Sanguinoderma , Sinoganoderma , Tomophagus and Trachydermella . Among these genera, Neoganoderma gen. nov. is proposed for Ganoderma neurosporum ; Sinoganoderma gen. nov. is proposed for Ganoderma shandongense ; Furtadoella gen. nov. is proposed to include taxa previously belonging to Furtadoa since Furtadoa is a homonym of a plant genus in the Araceae ; Trachydermella gen. nov. is proposed to include Trachyderma tsunodae since Trachyderma is a homonym of a lichen genus in the Pannariaceae . Twenty-three new species, viz., Ganoderma acaciicola , G. acontextum , G. alpinum , G. bubalinomarginatum , G. castaneum , G. chuxiongense , G. cocoicola , G. fallax , G. guangxiense , G. puerense , G. subangustisporum , G. subellipsoideum , G. subflexipes , G. sublobatum , G. tongshanense , G. yunlingense , Haddowia macropora , Sanguinoderma guangdongense , Sa. infundibulare , Sa. longistipitum , Sa. melanocarpum , Sa. microsporum and Sa. tricolor are described. In addition, another 33 known species are also described in detail for comparison. Scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores of 10 genera in Ganodermataceae are provided. A key to the accepted genera of Ganodermataceae and keys to the accepted species of Ganoderma , Haddowia , Humphreya , Magoderna , Sanguinoderma and Tomophagus are also provided. In total, 278 species are accepted as members of Ganodermataceae including 59 species distributed in China.
... Ganoderma is a genus of polypore fungi from the family of Ganodermataceae [66]. Oluba et al. revealed the potential of the fruit body of G. lucidum against the P. falciparum species with IC50 7.2 mg/mL. ...
Background
All currently available antimalarial drugs are developed from natural product lineages that may be traced back to herbal medicines including quinine, lapachol, and artemisinin. Natural products, which primarily target free radicals or reactive oxygen species, play an important role in the treatment of malaria.
Objective
To review role of antioxidative therapy in treatment of malaria by scavenging or counter free radical and also review importance of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in oxidative therapy of malaria treatment.
Methods
The search for natural antioxidants was conducted using the following databases of Researchgate, science direct, google scholar, Bentham science using following keywords malaria, reactive oxygen species, natural antioxidants and antiplasmodial.
Conclusion
This study reviewed various literature sources related to natural products employed in antimalarial therapy directly or indirectly by countering/scavenging reactive oxygen species that were published between 2016 to till date. The literature survey made it possible to summarize the natural products used in the treatment of malaria, with emphasis on botanical extracts, as a single component, as well as in association with other botanical extracts. Natural antioxidants like polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, having a broad range of biological effects against malaria. This review is pivoted around natural antioxidants obtained from the food and medicinal plants and to explore their application in restraining reactive oxygen species (ROS). We anticipate this article will provide information on future research on the role of antioxidant therapy in malaria infection.
... This genus contains economically beneficial, basidiomycetous fungi that have a worldwide distribution from warm temperate to tropical regions. They are found as facultative parasites on living, or more commonly, from dead trunks or branches of trees [1,8,9] . Furthermore, this group of mushrooms is remarkably diverse in tropical regions [2,10] . ...
