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Gall midges as pests of fruit trees and shrubs, ornamental plants, shrubs and other herbs in France. Black circles indicate the main locality of occurrence.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... shrubs and trees (Fig. 6) Three gall midge species occurred as pests on pear trees : Contarinia pyrivora in Central France (MARCHAL,1907) and in Yvelines (GRISON, COUTIN,1947) ; Dasineura pyri occurred in Yvelines in 1988 andApiomyia bergenstammi in Bouches-du-Rhône (d´AGUILAR et al.,1956, COUTIN 1994. COUTIN and RAMBIER (1955) discovered a new gall midge ...
Context 2
... plants, shrubs and other herbs (Fig. 6) Damage of Dasineura affinis causing rolled leaves of Viola sp. was observed in Central France, Antibes, Toulon, Yvelines (PICARD, 1919 ;RAYMOND 1928 ;COUDERC 1933). Contarinia quinquenotata developing in flower buds which dry prematurely occurred in Yvelines (COUTIN, 1987). Monarthropalpus flavus causing blister-like galls on leaves of ...
Context 4
... larvae cause pustule galls on Taraxacum officinale WEB. Occurrence : very frequent (Plate III : Fig. 6, Plate XV : Fig. 7). References : KIEFFER 1888a, 1889, 1910, LIEBEL 1889, CHRISTMANN 1934, DAUPHIN 1986, ANTONY 1996, BÉGUINOT 2002a References : LOISELLE 1903, MASSALONGO 1900, 1933, CHRISTMANN 1934, GARRIGUE 1994, BÉGUINOT 2003a, SKUHRAVA & SKUHRAVY 2004b. Distribution : European (up to North ...
Context 5
... coloured larvae produce galls on young leaves of Viola reichenbachiana JORD. (= V. sylvatica FRIES (Violaceae). Pest (see the part : Economic importance). Occurrence : one of the six most frequent species occurring in France (Plate III : Fig. 10, Plate XVI : Fig. 6). References : KIEFFER 1886, MARTEL 1891, HIERONYMUS 1890, HOUARD 1913, 1915, CHÂTEAU, CHASSIGNOL 1911, RAYMOND 1928, GUFFROY 1938, MEYER 1950, COUTIN 1974, DAUPHIN 1986, ANTONY 1991, BÉGUINOT 1997, 2002f, 2004c, SKUHRAVA & SKUHRAVY 2004a. Distribution : European (up to North Africa). Fig. 11). References : KIEFFER 1889, 1991c, ...
Context 6
... larvae develop in curled and rolled leaf margins of Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae). Occasionally a serious pest, especially on young trees (DARVAS et al. 2000). See the part : Economic importance. Occurrence : medium frequent (Plate IV : Fig. 15, Plate XIX : Fig. 6). References : LIEBEL 1886, 1889, KIEFFER 1891c, FOCKEU 1894. Distribution : European, secondarily Holarctic. , LOISELLE 1903, NOURY 1939,b, SKUHRAVA & SKUHRAVY 2004a. Distribution : Euro-Siberian. (KIEFFER, 1906) Redish larvae develop in a gall at growing tip of the stem and in swollen flower buds of Campanula rapunculus L. ...
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Citations
... The development of C. jongi within Sonchus flower buds is similar to the one described for C. schlechtendaliana. The larvae develop on the top of the flower head receptacle, which is strongly broadened and swollen, leading to the enlargement of the flower head (Skuhrava et al. 2005) (Figure 4d). The impact on the seeds is unknown; however, when numerous larvae were observed within a flower head, only malformed and abnormally thickened seeds were present (Figure 4d). ...
Sonchus oleraceus is an annual species native to Eurasia and Northern Africa that has become a major weed of cultivated fields and ruderal areas in Australia. Populations are difficult to manage in cropping systems because of the development of resistance to common herbicides. Biological control is being investigated as an additional tactic for managing the weed. A literature review was conducted to identify the phytophagous arthropod species already associated with the species in Australia to guide such a biological control programme. To identify opportunities for biological control agents to aid in management, we undertook field surveys across Queensland and South Australia in different environments. We also investigated factors that may influence their performance in Australia. Both the literature review and field surveys identified 21 arthropod species associated with S. oleraceus in Australia, most of them being generalist species and pests of exotic origin. Capitula were the most damaged plant part while stems were relatively free from insects, except aphids. The field surveys recorded an unexpected new interaction between S. oleraceus and the gall midge, Contarinia jongi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). This association was surprising as the midge, only known to develop on Alstroemeria (Liliales: Alstroemeriaceae), a very distant relative to S. oleraceus (Asterales: Asteraceae), was reported in Australia only a few years ago under greenhouse conditions. The midge and the moth Eublemma cochylioides (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) were the two species that occurred most frequently in developing flower head samples. We considered their infestation rate as a proxy of herbivory and tested whether the environment surrounding the plant may influence herbivory. Both E. cochylioides and C. jongi showed the highest infestations in ruderal sites compared with the sites located in conventional farming areas. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of selecting and releasing candidates for the biological control of the weed, especially in agricultural landscapes.
... So far, no species of Orseolia has been reported from Iran and adjacent countries, but O. miscanthi Shinji, 1938 is known from Eastern Palaearctic region/Korean peninsula and Japan, as gall inducer on Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, 1855 (Poaceae) (Gagné & Jaschhof, 2021). Till this time, O. cynodontis was found in several countries of Europe, viz. in southern France (Skuhravá et al., 2005), Italy (Skuhravá & Skuhravý, 1994;Skuhravá, 1995), Hungary (Skuhravá & Skuhravý, 1999), Romania (Skuhravá et al., 1972) and in two countries of Africa -in Morocco and in Algeria . Orseolia cynodontis is given as the member of the European gall midge fauna in the publication of . ...
... Foottit et Adler (2017). Les références plus spécifiques sont les suivantes : 1. Gagné et Jaschhof (2017), 2. Gargominy et al. (2018), 3. Martinez (sous presse), 4. Skuhravá et al. (2005) et 5. Delfosse (2015). ...
While biological control has been very successful on high-value crops and in closed environments, its application in arable crops in large fields remains very limited and the substitution of pesticides with biocontrol products remains limited and marginally effective. For this reason, it seems necessary to develop biological control strategies that consider the interactions between agricultural practices, cover crops, pests and beneficial organisms within the agroecosystem. This systemic approach to biocontrol therefore raises questions about the redesign and evaluation of cropping systems. This is why we begin this chapter with an overview of methods for redesigning low-pesticide cropping systems. The second part of this chapter will use different examples to illustrate the interactions within the agricultural system and the need for a systemic approach to make the selected solutions more efficient. For example, we will show how agricultural practices such as tillage, crop succession, and crop association play a role in attacks by pests, colonization by natural enemies, and organism survival. This chapter ends with the challenges posed by the inclusion of biocontrol in terms of cropping system evaluation, regulations and public policies.
... (originally given as Aira flexuosa) in France. It has not been found again since its original collection (Skuhravá et al. 2005). The original description includes no illustrations but does mention that the abdomen has transverse bands of scales, which S. selloanae lacks. ...
A gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) is reported here for the first time from spikelets of Cortaderia selloana, a prominent alien invasive grass species in southern Europe. The insect is described as a new genus and species, Spanolepis selloanae Gagné. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, the new genus and species are tentatively placed within the supertribe Lasiopteridi and tribe Dasineurini. Its effects on seed production were studied in order to ascertain its effectiveness in limiting sexual reproduction of the invasive plant species. The larvae of S. selloanae feed on the ovaries with a mean seed depletion of 74% in the studied population in northwest Spain. The new species is a potential candidate agent for the effective biological control against C. selloana.
... Foottit et Adler (2017). Les références plus spécifiques sont les suivantes : 1. Gagné et Jaschhof (2017), 2. Gargominy et al. (2018), 3. Martinez (sous presse), 4. Skuhravá et al. (2005) et 5. Delfosse (2015). ...
Protéger les cultures par des moyens naturels est une nécessité pour la transition vers une agriculture respectueuse de l’environnement. Un effort de recherche et développement sans précédent est aujourd’hui mis en œuvre dans le domaine du biocontrôle, qui rassemble des approches basées sur l’usage d’organismes vivants et de produits d’origine biologique. Cet ouvrage en présente un panorama exhaustif et en explique les fondements théoriques et les applications pratiques.
... Foottit et Adler (2017). Les références plus spécifiques sont les suivantes : 1. Gagné et Jaschhof (2017), 2. Gargominy et al. (2018), 3. Martinez (sous presse), 4. Skuhravá et al. (2005) et 5. Delfosse (2015). ...
... Information on these websites has been added to information from earlier resources like Docters van Leeuwen's collection of plant galls, microscopical slide collections of W. Nijveldt and the first author. Neighbouring territories such as France (Skuhravá et al. 2005), Great Britain (Chandler 1998, and updates), Germany and Denmark ) are well documented and this has stimulated us to bring Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg also up to date. ...
... On affected older leaves only some leaflets are infested, with the galls adjacent to ungalled leaflets or are only fleshy and rolled inwards. References h: 3683,Skuhravá et al. 2005. Netherlands No records. ...
... This often does not reflect their abundance. In many cases supposedly rare(-ly recorded) species may easily be found more abundantly by careful searching.Most gall inducing species present in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands have also been recorded from surrounding territories of Germany (686 species, only Cecidomyiinae;Buhr 1964Buhr / 1965Skuhravá et al. 2014), France (668 species;Houard 1908-13, Dauphin & Aniotsbehere 1997, Skuhravá et al. 2005, and Great Britain (620 species;Chandler 1998, Redfern et al. 2011). Although many more gall midge species have been recorded from these neighbouring larger territories, several species have not yet been not encountered. ...
The gall midges are one of the most important groups of gall makers. Emerging larvaeproduce stimuli and the host plant responds by producing galls, fascinating structureswhich provide food and shelter for the developing larvae. Most gall inducing midgesare host specific: they are only able to induce galls in a few, often related, plant species.A few species have different feeding modes: among them are saprophagous, fungivorousand predaceous species and some are used in biocontrol. We recorded 416 species in thewhole area; 366 species are recorded from the Netherlands, 270 species from Belgiumand 96 species from Luxembourg.
... A milestone in the process was the 2006 special issue of Entomologiske Meddelelser , in which 73 new species were reported. Here, we report another 16 identiied species not recorded previously (Henriksen 1944, Jensen 1962, Skuhravá 2005, Jørgensen 2009, Bruun & Skuhravá 2011). In addition, we report 3 new species so far identiied to the genus level only. ...
... Based on zoogeographical analysis of Central Europe, it is estimated to be a declining species (Skuhravá 1994a(Skuhravá , 1994b. In the Czech Republic it is considered critically endangered (Skuhravá 2005). The species occurs in both Schleswig-Holstein and in Sweden (Andersson 1958, Pichinot & Meyer 1998, so the new Danish record ills a distributional lacuna. ...
... Canada), Australia, New Zealand and South Africa for biological control of Hypericum perforatum. In Europe it has a disjunct distribution range (in contrast to the coherent range of Dasineura hyperici) and at present is known from 23 countries of Europe (Skuhravá 1986, Skuhravá et al. 1984, Skuhravá & Skuhravý 2009, Skuhravá et al. 2005, 2008. NEJ: Laesø, Klitten, 2007 (57°17'8''N 11° 3'41"E), leg. ...
We report the first records to Denmark of nineteen gall midge species: Anabremia bellevoyei, Bayeriola thymicola, Contarinia asclepiadis, Dasineura virgaeaureae, Lestodiplosis achilleae, Lestodiplosis chrysanthemi, Lestodiplosis cirsii, Lestodiplosis coni, Macrolabis achilleae, Ozirhincus millefolii, Rhopalomyia baccarum, Tricholaba viciarum, Trotteria ligustri, Zeuxidiplosis giardi and three species of Contarinia only determined to the genus level. With the reported records, the Danish gall midge fauna comprises 302 named species and 24 species identified to the genus level only. Of these, 87 have been found during the last decade, the largest number of new species to Denmark ever reported for a ten year period.
However, the fact the few individuals have made these findings at a limited number of sites strongly suggest that the Danish gall midge fauna still is very incompletely known.
... Beschovski and Karadjova (1996), Carles-Tolra and Andersen (2002), Cerný (2006, Cerný and Vála (2006), EPPO (2006), Gederaas et al. (red.) (2007), Glavendekić et al. (2007), Roll et al. (2007), Süss (1991), Trouvé et al. (1991) Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880) Beguinot (1999), Gagné (1989), Skuhravá et al. (2005 Clinodiplosis cattleyae (Molliard, 1903) Cattleia and other Orchidaceae Barnes (1948), Gagné (1994), Molliard (1902), Skuhravá et al. (2005) Contarinia citri Barnes, 1944 A Phyto-phagous Africa 1957, CY AL, CY, IL, IT, IT-SIC I Citrus spp. Genduso (1963), Georghiou (1977), Sinacori and Mineo (1997) Hemerocallis fulva Balas (1943), Dittrich (1913), Docters van Leeuwen (1957, Halstead and Harris (1990), Löw (1888), Miller (1956), Prell (1916), Skuhravá (1975), Skuhravá and Skuhravý (in prep.), ...
... Beschovski and Karadjova (1996), Carles-Tolra and Andersen (2002), Cerný (2006, Cerný and Vála (2006), EPPO (2006), Gederaas et al. (red.) (2007), Glavendekić et al. (2007), Roll et al. (2007), Süss (1991), Trouvé et al. (1991) Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880) Beguinot (1999), Gagné (1989), Skuhravá et al. (2005 Clinodiplosis cattleyae (Molliard, 1903) Cattleia and other Orchidaceae Barnes (1948), Gagné (1994), Molliard (1902), Skuhravá et al. (2005) Contarinia citri Barnes, 1944 A Phyto-phagous Africa 1957, CY AL, CY, IL, IT, IT-SIC I Citrus spp. Genduso (1963), Georghiou (1977), Sinacori and Mineo (1997) Hemerocallis fulva Balas (1943), Dittrich (1913), Docters van Leeuwen (1957, Halstead and Harris (1990), Löw (1888), Miller (1956), Prell (1916), Skuhravá (1975), Skuhravá and Skuhravý (in prep.), ...
Of the 19,400 native species and 125 families forming the European diptera fauna, 98 species (less than 0.5%) in 22 families are alien to Europe. Th ese aliens constitute 66 species (18 families) of the suborder Brachycera and 32 species (4 families) of the suborder Nematocera. By family in this category, there are 23 Cecidomyiidae species, 18 Drosophilidae, nine Phoridae, eight Tachinidae and seven Culicidae. Another 32 fl y species belonging to fi ve families are considered to be alien in Europe. Th ese invasives native to other European countries are composed of 14 species of Cecidomyiidae, seven Syrphidae, fi ve Culicidae and three species each of Anthomyiidae and Tephritidae. Th e date of the fi rst record in Europe is known for 84 alien species. Arrivals of alien species of Diptera have accelerated rapidly since the second half of the 20 th century. North America appears to be the dominant contributor of the alien fl ies. Th e majority of alien Diptera were introduced into or within Europe unintentionally, with only three predators released intentionally for biological control. Alien Diptera are predominantly phytophagous (35.6%), while a lesser portion are zoophagous (28.6%) or detrivorous /mycetophagous (29.6%). Ecological impacts on native fauna and fl ora have not been documented for any of the alien species established in Europe. However , 14 alien species have economic impacts on crops.
... Beschovski and Karadjova (1996), Carles-Tolra and Andersen (2002), Cerný (2006, Cerný and Vála (2006), EPPO (2006), Gederaas et al. (red.) (2007), Glavendekić et al. (2007), Roll et al. (2007), Süss (1991), Trouvé et al. (1991) Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880) Beguinot (1999), Gagné (1989), Skuhravá et al. (2005 Clinodiplosis cattleyae (Molliard, 1903) Cattleia and other Orchidaceae Barnes (1948), Gagné (1994), Molliard (1902), Skuhravá et al. (2005) Contarinia citri Barnes, 1944 A Phyto-phagous Africa 1957, CY AL, CY, IL, IT, IT-SIC I Citrus spp. Genduso (1963), Georghiou (1977), Sinacori and Mineo (1997) Hemerocallis fulva Balas (1943), Dittrich (1913), Docters van Leeuwen (1957, Halstead and Harris (1990), Löw (1888), Miller (1956), Prell (1916), Skuhravá (1975), Skuhravá and Skuhravý (in prep.), ...
... Beschovski and Karadjova (1996), Carles-Tolra and Andersen (2002), Cerný (2006, Cerný and Vála (2006), EPPO (2006), Gederaas et al. (red.) (2007), Glavendekić et al. (2007), Roll et al. (2007), Süss (1991), Trouvé et al. (1991) Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880) Beguinot (1999), Gagné (1989), Skuhravá et al. (2005 Clinodiplosis cattleyae (Molliard, 1903) Cattleia and other Orchidaceae Barnes (1948), Gagné (1994), Molliard (1902), Skuhravá et al. (2005) Contarinia citri Barnes, 1944 A Phyto-phagous Africa 1957, CY AL, CY, IL, IT, IT-SIC I Citrus spp. Genduso (1963), Georghiou (1977), Sinacori and Mineo (1997) Hemerocallis fulva Balas (1943), Dittrich (1913), Docters van Leeuwen (1957, Halstead and Harris (1990), Löw (1888), Miller (1956), Prell (1916), Skuhravá (1975), Skuhravá and Skuhravý (in prep.), ...
Of the 19,400 native species and 125 families forming the European diptera fauna, 98 species (less than 0.5%) in 22 families are alien to Europe. These aliens constitute 66 species (18 families) of the suborder Brachycera and 32 species (4 families) of the suborder Nematocera. By family in this category, there are 23 Cecidomyiidae species, 18 Drosophilidae, nine Phoridae, eight Tachinidae and seven Culicidae. Another 32 fly species belonging to five families are considered to be alien in Europe. These invasives native to other European countries are composed of 14 species of Cecidomyiidae, seven Syrphidae, five Culicidae and three species each of Anthomyiidae and Tephritidae. The date of the first record in Europe is known for 84 alien species. Arrivals of alien species of Diptera have accelerated rapidly since the second half of the 20th century. North America appears to be the dominant contributor of the alien flies. The majority of alien Diptera were introduced into or within Europe unintentionally, with only three predators released intentionally for biological control. Alien Diptera are predominantly phytophagous (35.6%), while a lesser portion are zoophagous (28.6%) or detrivorous/mycetophagous (29.6%). Ecological impacts on native fauna and flora have not been documented for any of the alien species established in Europe. However, 14 alien species have economic impacts on crops.
