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Gall midge larvae inhabiting the core of Japanese pear (A) and those found under the bark of Japanese pear (B).
Source publication
In 2003, gall midge larvae of the genus Resseliella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were found infesting the cores of Japanese pear, Pyrus pyrifolia (Rosaceae), in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Symptoms of infestation are similar to those noted previously for Japanese pear in Japan and Korea. From 2007 to 2008, gall midge larvae that were similar to those...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... described for the 'pear codlin midge' in Yago (1929) and Aoyama (1938). From 2007 to 2008, gall midge larvae that were similar to those found in Fukushima Prefec- ture were detected in Tottori and Shimane Prefec- tures ( Fig. 1) under the bark of Japanese pear that had been infested by Spulerina astaurota (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) (Fig. ...
Context 2
... yagoi is also distinguishable from the three known Japanese species, R. soya, R. odai, and R. resinicola, as follows: the aedeagus of male genitalia distinctly broadened basally in R. yagoi (Fig. 3C), while the basal part of aedeagus not strongly broadened, slender, or nearly parallel sided in the three known Japanese species (see Fig. 26 in Yukawa, 1971 andFig. 2 in Sanui andYukawa, 1985). In the immature stages, R. yagoi differs from the three species as follows: the shaft of the larval sternal spatula is slender posteriorly (broadened posteriorly in R. odai and R. resinicola); a pair of large conical stigmatal tubercles on the larval eighth abdominal segment is ...
Citations
... The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Takara Ex Taq polymerase (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan) and the primers COIS 5 ′ -GGA TCA CCT GAT ATA GCA TTC CC-3 ′ and COIA 5 ′ -CCC GGT AAA ATT AAA ATA TAA ACT TC-3 ′ (Funk et al., 1995b). This primer pair has been used previously for the effective detection of intraspecific variations in Cecidomyiidae (Tokuda et al., 2008;Yukawa et al., 2009). The PCR amplification was carried out for 30 cycles of 98 • C for 10 s, 50 • C for 30 s, and 72 • C for 60 s. ...
Studying the diversification patterns of species-rich phytophagous insect taxa can help us understand the factors that cause species diversification. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene of larvae of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) using three genetically differentiated morphs of Cimicifuga simplex plants and found that the gall midges could be divided into five major clades. Gall midges collected from morph I of C. simplex belonged to four Schizomyia clades. Gall midges collected from morph II of C. simplex belonged to one of the four Schizomyia clades collected from morph I. Gall midges collected from morph III belonged one Contarinia clade. On morphs I and II of C. simplex, the Schizomyia species induced galls on the flower bud, whereas on morph III of C. simplex, the Contarinia species was collected from normal fruits (not gall inducer); thus, morph III plants were used differently by gall midges than plants of morphs I and II. These results indicate that the cryptic diversity of these phytophagous insects correspond to that of plant ecotypes, and suggests that the diversification of the host plant contributed to parallel diversification of the phytophagous gall midges.
... Gagné defines the genus Resseliella as having a very diverse host range with many of the species living under bark, in flower heads, or forming simple galls (Gagné 2017). Host plants of 13 of 55 species are not known while the remaining species are found on a broad range of plants, including 29 genera spanning 23 different plant families (Yukawa et al. 2009). This wide host range only exists between different Resseliella species, as many species within the Resseliella are expected only to attack plants within a plant family. ...
The soybean gall midge (Resseliella maxima Gagné) was recently identified as a new species causing injury to soybean in the Midwestern United States. Although this insect was only recently identified, it has likely been present in soybean fields for at least the last 8 yr based on anecdotal reports. The soybean gall midge has historically been observed late in the season on soybean plants that were believed to have been previously compromised by a plant pathogen or mechanical damage with little to no concern for economic losses. In late June 2018, dead and dying plants were found to be associated with the soybean gall midge across four midwestern states. The distribution of plant injury in the field, larval feeding within the stem, and timing of infestation indicate that it is likely an important pest of soybean. Yield losses in soybean gall midge infested fields can be up to 100% for the first 30 meters from the field edge, with losses of 17–31% further into the field. The rapid development of the soybean gall midge as an important pest of soybean has left large gaps in the knowledge necessary to develop an integrated pest management program.
... To resolve problems of separating these insects, a method to easily differentiate the species at any stage of development is needed to clarify the occurrences of these three gall midge species. Researchers often use mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and 16S rRNA gene) to distinguish between species in the Cecidomyiidae family (Shirota et al. 1999;Tokuda et al. 2004Tokuda et al. , 2008Yang et al. 2002;Yukawa et al. 2003Yukawa et al. , 2009Yukawa et al. , 2011. This DNA-based methodology shows a good discrimination power for most animal groups. ...
Species from the genus Mayetiola are observed in the main cereal cultures of Tunisia. Some researchers have studied M. destructor that attacks wheat and M. hordei that attacks barley. However, a third important species observed in oat, M. avenae, has not been studied and is not well documented in Tunisia. A method to easily separate the species is needed to clarify the occurrences of these gall midge species. This study aimed to first distinguish between the three species of gall midges by molecular characterization and second to reveal the phylogenetic relationships within and between the three species of Mayetiola collected from 5 different regions of northern Tunisia. To achieve these purposes, two regions of the mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, and the 16S rRNA gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. For each marker, a set of 75 individuals were used for DNA analysis. Phylogenetic trees were created using the DNA sequences of all samples from the 3 species. Results showed significant separation of the three different species into dissimilar clades. Each clade contained only specimens from the same species. Differences were observed between DNA sequences of the same species. The differences within the same species were not representative of geographical variations but coexisted within a population Therefore, using the COI and 16S rRNA genes as markers can clearly separate M. avenae, M. destructor and M. hordei.
... Supplementary Data Table S3 provides specimen information and GenBank accession numbers for all newly sequenced midges. We combined our sequences with additional COI sequences of supertribe Cecidomyiidi from GenBank, most importantly those of Yukawa et al. (2009Yukawa et al. ( , 2011. This supertribe has 2395 species in 11 tribes, of which we included representatives of Aphidoletini, Asphondyliini, Cecidomyiini, Lestodiplosini and Lopesiini, with three species of Lasiopteridi (genus Asteromyia) used as the outgroup based on Joy (2013) whose large midge phylogeny includes a species of Resseliella. ...
... The genus Resseliella has about 50 species that lay eggs in species from a dozen plant families, half of them Pinaceae and a third Rosaceae (Sanui and Yukawa, 1985;Skuhrav a and Skuhravy, 2009;Yukawa et al., 2009). Larvae typically develop in resin under the bark (Sanui and Yukawa, 1985;Yukawa et al., 2009), either pupating inside resin exudates or else leaving and pupating elsewhere, depending on the species (Gagné and Jaschhof, 2014). ...
... The genus Resseliella has about 50 species that lay eggs in species from a dozen plant families, half of them Pinaceae and a third Rosaceae (Sanui and Yukawa, 1985;Skuhrav a and Skuhravy, 2009;Yukawa et al., 2009). Larvae typically develop in resin under the bark (Sanui and Yukawa, 1985;Yukawa et al., 2009), either pupating inside resin exudates or else leaving and pupating elsewhere, depending on the species (Gagné and Jaschhof, 2014). Resins are lipophilic materials secreted by plants and are a mixture of volatile and non-volatile terpenes, including caryophyllene (Fahn, 1988). ...
Background and aims:
Resin is a defence against herbivores and a floral reward in a few African and South American species whose bee pollinators collect it for nest construction. Here we describe a new role for floral resin from the Asian genus Kadsura (Schisandraceae). Kadsura tepals tightly cover a globe formed by carpels (in females) or near-fused stamens with fleshy connectives (in male flowers of most, but not all species).
Methods:
We carried out field observations at four sites in China and used pollinator behavioural assays, chemical analyses and time-calibrated insect and plant phylogenies to investigate the specificity of the interactions and their relationship to floral structure.
Key results:
Nocturnal resin midges ( Resseliella , Cecidomyiidae) walk around on the flowers' sexual organs to oviposit, thereby transferring pollen and wounding tissues. The larvae then develop in resin-filled chambers. Male and female floral scents are dominated by α-pinene, while the resinous exudate is dominated by caryophyllene. As revealed by barcoding of multiple midge larvae per flower species, the mutualisms are species specific and appear to have evolved over the past 6-9 million years.
Conclusions:
Resin feeding, not pollen or ovule feeding, by midge larvae explains the abundant Kadsura exudates, highlighting the poorly known world of nocturnal flower-fly interactions.
... The sequence data was aligned using the program Contig Express (Invitrogen). Two species belonging to the same supertribe as Macrodiplosis, Resseliella yagoi Sato, 2009, andContarinia maculipennis Felt, 1933, were employed as outgroup taxa. The Maximum Parsimony trees were obtained using the Close-Neighbor-Interchange algorithm in MEGA5 (Nei & Kumar 2000) with search level 1, in which the initial trees were obtained by the random addition of sequences (1000 replicates). ...
A gall midge that induces upwardly folded leaf-margin galls on Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica and Q. dentata (Fagaceae) in Japan and South Korea is described as Macrodiplosis selenis sp. n. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). M. selenis is distinguished from Palaearctic congeners by a combination of morphological characters. Genetic differences supported the result of morphological comparison and indicated that M. selenis is closely related to the European M. roboris, whose gall is similar to that of M. selenis.
... Genetic distance in COI region and ITS region has frequently been used as an indicator to distinguish intra-and interspeciÞc variations. For example, a slight difference, usually Ͻ3.5%, in the COI region, has been regarded as within the normal range of intras-peciÞc variation, as has been noted for many other gall midge species (e.g., Yukawa et al. 2003, Uechi et al. 2003, Uechi et al. 2004, Tokuda et al. 2004, Harris et al. 2006, Ganaha et al. 2007, Yukawa et al. 2009, Yukawa et al. 2012). In the ITS2 region, interspeciÞc variation frequently exceed 3.5%, as has been noted for seven species of Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Di Muccio et al. 2000) and some noncryptic species of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) (e.g., Beebe et al. 1999). ...
Hartigiola faggalli (Monzen), a cecidomyiid species that induces leaf galls on Fagus crenata Blume (Fagales: Fagaceae), was studied to assess the degree of sexual isolation between known intraspecific populations derived from two different gall types. “Upper-type galls” form on the lateral veins of upper leaf surfaces, whereas “lower-type galls” develop between the lateral veins of lower leaf surfaces. The two populations were distinguished based on slight differences in their DNA sequences. They coexisted in F. crenata forests. Emergence, swarming, mating, and oviposition occurred sequentially each day and almost simultaneously in both populations. Thus, they were not isolated from each other in time or space. However, 85% of 134 swarming males flew to females of the same population when responding to female sex pheromone. About 92% of 251 mating pairs were homogenic, and IPSI indicated a significantly homogenic mating. The female sex pheromone and male sensitivity to the pheromone seemed to differ between the two populations. After mating, females of each population oviposited their eggs only on either the upper or lower surfaces of fresh leaves. The strongly assortative mating combined with differences in pheromones and gall morphology indicates that the two populations are almost completely reproductively isolated and that they have diversified into the stage of sibling species.
... Morphology in Resseliella is remarkably uniform, and there are few characters that can be used to separate species. Resseliella xanthorrhoeae differs from other congeners for which we have seen descriptions by three-segmented palpi in adults as opposed to four-segmented palpi (Gagné 1983;Sanui & Yukawa 1985;Fedotova 2003;Fedotova & Sidorenko 2004, 2006Yukawa et al. 2009Yukawa et al. , 2011. The striking mottling pattern on wings in R. xanthorrhoeae is shared with some species such as R. proteae (Gagné 1983), R. kadsurae and R. quadrifasciata but separates it from others such as R. yagoi, R. odai, R. soya and R. theobaldi (Yukawa et al. 2011). ...
Larvae of an undescribed gall midge species were found feeding within leaf sheaths and between leaves of potted plants of flax lilies Dianella revoluta, D. tasmanica, D. caerulea (all native to Australia) and New Zealand flax Phormium tenax (native to New Zealand) in South Australia. The larvae were previously recorded infesting Phormium tenax in New Zealand. The new species is described and named Resseliella xanthorrhoeae Kolesik. Larvae, pink when young and red when mature, feed gregariously, causing extensive tissue necrosis. Pupation takes place in the soil. Large necrotic areas remain visible after the fully grown larvae exit the sheaths until the end of the infested leaves’ life, temporarily decreasing ornamental value of the plants. Infested plants recover from the injury by shedding off infested leaves and producing fresh leaves. The new species is the first Resseliella Seitner reported from Australia and New Zealand and the first species of this genus known to infest plants from the family Xanthorrhoeaceae.
... In constructing phylogenetic trees, two cecidomyiid species, Resseliella odai (Inouye, 1955) and Dasineura rosae (Bremi, 1847), were employed as outgroup taxa. The COI region of these two species was similarly amplified and sequenced using the DNA extracted in the previous studies (Tokuda et al. 2009; Yukawa et al. 2009). The accession numbers for these sequences are shown in Table 2. ...
A gall midge that induces thick lenticular galls on leaflets of Pueraria species (Fabaceae) in Japan, mainland China, Taiwan and South Korea is described as Pitydiplosis puerariae sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Tanaostigmodes puerariae (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae), described earlier from mainland China as an inducer of the lenticular gall, is regarded to be an inquiline. Pitydiplosis puerariae is distinguishable from the only known congener, the Nearctic Pitydiplosis packardi, by the male genitalia with entire aedeagus and with hypoproct that is as long as cerci and bilobed with a U-shaped emargination. DNA sequencing data indicate the existence of three genetically different intraspecific groups: (i) “YNT-montana group” induces galls on Pueraria montana on the Yaeyama Islands, Japan and in northern Taiwan; (ii) “CT-montana group” on P. montana in central Taiwan; (iii) and “JCK-lobata group” on Pueraria lobata in mainland China, South Korea and Japan north of Okinoerabu Island. A possible diversification scenario of the three groups is hypothesized based on DNA sequencing data and geohistorical information. A distribution gap of the gall midge on five islands between Tokunoshima and Ishigaki Islands, Japan was confirmed by intensive field surveys. Ecological traits and adult behavior of Pity. puerariae are also described. Its possibility as a potential biological control agent against P. lobata seems counter-indicated.
... Adult morphological terminology follows Panelius (1965), McAlpine (1981), Yukawa and Ohsaki (1988), and Yukawa et al. (2009). ...
Since 2007, serious collapses of the bedlogs used to cultivate shiitake mushrooms in Korea have been reported. An investigation of these shiitake mushroom farms revealed two Camptomyia spp. (C. corticalis and C. heterobia) as major pests. These gall midges feed on mycelium of the shiitake mushroom, thereby disturbing the formation of mushroom fruit bodies. Because they are not known pests of shiitake mushrooms, we provide taxonomic and biological descriptions of these two Camptomyia species. This report represents new records of C. corticalis (Loew) and C. heterobia Mamaev in Far East Asia.
... AY485382), and Resseliella yagoi Yukawa and Sato (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (accession no. AB506002; as an outgroup taxon) were included in the analysis (Chen et al. 2009;Frey et al. 2004;Uechi et al. 2003Uechi et al. , 2007Yukawa et al. 2009). A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree based on these sequence data was constructed and bootstrap analysis was conducted with 1,000 pseudoreplications using ClustalX ver. ...
Gall midges of the genus Contarinia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that infest the flower buds of various plant species have been newly found in Japan in recent years.
Those infesting the flower buds of Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (A. Gray) Hubbard ex Baillon (Amaranthaceae) and Jasminum sambac (Linnaeus) Aiton (Oleaceae) in Okinawa Prefecture, and Dendrobium spp. (Orchidaceae) in Mie Prefecture were identified, on the basis of morphological features and molecular information, as
an invasive gall midge, C. maculipennis Felt. C. maculipennis was recorded in Mie Prefecture for the first time, and P. laxiflorum is newly regarded as one of the host plants of C. maculipennis. Three other Contarinia gall midges that we found infesting the flower buds of Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, Capsicum annuum Linnaeus (Solanaceae), and Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus (Oxalidaceae) were not identical with C. maculipennis. Among these, the first two, which infested solanaceous plants, were identical. However, the species other than C. maculipennis could not be identified to the species level because morphological differences were obscure and DNA sequencing data of allied
congeners have not yet been registered on GenBank.
KeywordsCOI region–
Dendrobium orchid–New host plant record–Sweet pepper–The blossom midge
