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Galatella group: (a) Galatella villosa, (b) G. altaica, (c) G. biflora, (d) G. dracunculoides, (e) G. punctata, (f) G. angustissima, (g) G. linosyris, (h) Tripolium vulgare.
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The subtribe Asterinae (Astereae, Asteraceae) includes highly variable, often polyploid species. Recent findings based on molecular methods led to revision of its volume. However, most of these studies lacked species from Eurasia, where a lot of previous taxonomic treatments of the subtribe exist. In this study we used molecular phylogenetics metho...
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Context 1
... Eulinosyris Novopokr. (capitula homogama, all florets are tubular, bisexual, narrow conical involucrum, herbaceous bracts of involucrum): G. linosyris (L.) Rchb.f. (= Linosyris vulgaris Cass. ex Less., Europe, Figure ...
Context 2
... -/- or arachnoid-tomentose): G. tatarica (Less.) Novopokr. (= Crinitaria tatarica (Less.) Novopokr.), G. villosa (L.) Rchb.f. (= Crinitaria villosa (L.) Cass.) (Figure 2a). Both species grow in salt-marshy steppes or steppe in the south part of European Russia and Central ...
Context 3
... Nees. is a monotypic genus, with type T. vulgare Nees (Figure 2h . The species' morphology is extremely variable; different forms were sometimes considered as different species. These highly specialized halophyte plants are superficially similar to North American species of Symphyotrichum Nees. sect. Oxytripolium (DC.) G.L.Nesom (annual duration, glabrous and succulent leaves, strongly accrescent pappus). However, the characteristics of phyllaries, achenes, and chromosome number (n = 9) separate Tripolium from them as well as from typical Aster s. str. Among all Asian asters, Nesom (1994b) set these plants close to Galatella and Crinitaria and placed them right inside the Galatella group. Comparative analysis of the achene sculpturing pattern indicates that specimens of Tripolium and Galatella form a reliable group with glandular trichomes on the achene surface and with a glabrous cuticular surface, but the morphology and topology of terpenoid structures place samples of Tripolium vulgare closer to ones of the genus Erigeron (Korolyuk, ...
Citations
... Traditionally, Aster was defined as a genus encompassing around 300 species distributed in both the New World and the Old World (Jones, 1980;Semple and Brouillet, 1980;Jones and Young, 1983). However, in recent years, studies on the basis of morphology (Nesom, 1994a;Nesom and Robinson, 2007), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLPs) (Xiang and Semple, 1994), or DNA markers (Noyes and Rieseberg, 1999;Selliah and Brouillet, 2008;Li et al., 2012;Jafari et al., 2015;Korolyuk et al., 2015) have shown that the New World Aster species were distinct from the Old World taxa with a considerable genetic divergence. These New World taxa were treated as 13 separate genera (Nesom, 1994a, b), and the generic delimitation of the Old World species remained controversial. ...
... However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have suggested that neither Aster s.l. nor Aster s.s. was monophyletic (Selliah and Brouillet, 2008;Pelser et al., 2010;Li et al., 2012;Jafari et al., 2015;Korolyuk et al., 2015;Fu et al., 2019). On the basis of analyses using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Enternal Transcribed Spacer (ETS), and trnL-F sequences, Li et al. (Li et al., 2012). ...
... Another phylogenetic study using ITS and psbA-trnH sequences showed that the genera of Heteropappus and Kalimeris were nested within Aster, supporting the results of Jafari et al. (Jafari et al., 2015). Korolyuk et al. (Korolyuk et al., 2015). divided the Eurasian (EA) Aster into three groups, namely, a typical Eurasian asters group, Heteropappus group, and Asterothamnus group, but the relationships among these three groups were not strongly supported, and, hence, the boundary of Aster remained unclear. ...
Aster L. is an economically and phylogenetically important genus in the tribe Astereae. Here, the complete plastomes of the eight Aster species were assembled and characterized using next-generation sequencing datasets. The results indicated the complete plastomes of Aster had a quadripartite structure. These genomes were 152,045–152,729 bp in length and contained 132–133 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37–38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Expansion or contraction of inverted repeat regions and forward, palindromic, complement, and reverse repeats were detected in the eight Aster species. Additionally, our analyses showed the richest type of simple sequence repeats was A/T mononucleotides, and 14 highly variable regions were discovered by analyzing the border regions, sequence divergence, and hotspots. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that 27 species in Astereae were clustered into six clades, i.e., A to D, North American, and outgroup clades, and supported that the genera Heteropappus, Kalimeris, and Heteroplexis are nested within Aster. The results indicated the clades B to D might be considered as genera. Divergence time estimate showed the clades A, B, C, and D diverged at 23.15 Mya, 15.13 Mya, 24.29 Mya, and 21.66 Mya, respectively. These results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of Aster and provided new information on species identification of Aster and its related genera.
... In previous studies, these markers were important in resolving intra-and inter-genera level phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Senecioneae (Pelser et al., 2002(Pelser et al., , 2004(Pelser et al., , 2007(Pelser et al., , 2010Coleman et al., 2003;Calvo et al., 2013;Dillenberger and Kadereit, 2013). In molecular studies conducted in the family Asteraceae, ITS, ETS, and plastid gene regions were studied (Korolyuk et al., 2015;Liew et al., 2018;Quedensley et al., 2018;Ren et al., 2020;Mapaya and Cron, 2021;Semiz et al., 2022;Tekşen et al., 2022;Escobari et al., 2021Escobari et al., , 2023Naderifar et al., 2023). While ITS analysis is definitely included in the studies, in some of them, ETS data are given in combination with ITS, and it is stated that except for minor incompatibilities, the same topology is generally seen and combining ITS+ETS data does not increase the solution power (Liew et al., 2018;Quedensley et al., 2018;Ren et al., 2020;Escobari et al., 2023). ...
Recently, Turanecio Hamzaoğlu was described as a new genus for the scientific world. Turanecio has been distributed as far as Asia, Iran, Caucasus, and Iraq. A phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA and cpDNA gene regions was performed to determine the position of the genus within the subtribe Adenostylinae. Results from Bayesian and parsimony analyses of the nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions of the subtribe Senecioninae concordantly indicated that it is monophyletic and belongs to the Quadridentate group, with 4-lobed disc flowers. Nuclear DNA data revealed that some of the researched taxa should be transferred to Turanecio and some
taxonomical classifications should be conducted for them. Therefore, Iranecio massagetovii and Dolichorrhiza caucasica were transferred to Turanecio and a new combination nova was suggested for them. Moreover, it was proposed as a monotypic species of a new genus, Kazbegia.
... Поэтому выделить качественную геномную ДНК удается далеко не из всех гербарных образцов (Savolainen et al., 1995;Ryabushkina et al., 2012;Krinitsyna et al., 2015 5 ). Тем не менее, в некоторых случаях метод работает (Rogers, Bendich, 1989;Ribeiro, Lovato, 2007;Ryabushkina et al., 2012;Korolyuk et al., 2015;Krinitsyna et al., 2015;Rodionov et al., 2017;Fomina et al., 2019 6 ). Но это сопряжено с заметным усложнением протокола, в частности -с предварительным замачиванием образца в промывочном буфере, с длительным инкубированием в лизирующем буфере при температуре 60°С, с дополнительной очисткой изопропанолом и т.п. ...
In modern botanical studies, various molecular genetic methods such as genome sequencing, PCR, AFLP-analysis, etc. are often involved. These methods require the use of high-quality (i.e. well purified and non-degraded) genomic DNA. However, extraction of such DNA from plants is complicated by a wide spectrum of organic compounds that contaminate DNA and drastically reduce its quality. As a result, the protocols for DNA extraction from plants are usually labor-intensive, time-consuming and require expensive reagents, most of which are imported from abroad. In the case of high-throughput DNA extraction from plant material, these disadvantages are of a great importance, especially in view of the current import problems. Moreover, there is no universal protocol suitable for all plant species and all variants of plant material used: different protocols are effective in different cases and additional modifications are often required. Promising ways to overcome these problems include the search for simplified methods of plant DNA extraction, as well as the use of specially prepared initial material.
... In addition, there was a transition (C/T) in the trnL-trnF IGS sequence that mutually separated G. lynosiris and G. villosa (Table 3). Therefore, two clear differences consistently separate these closely related species (see Korolyuk et al. 2015). In addition, we recorded one more difference between the samples: the Hungarian and Ukrainian samples of G. villosa had a (T) 8 long microsatellite motif at position 87-93, whereas the rest of the samples of 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 6 8 9 9 0 2 2 3 3 9 0 2 2 3 3 8 9 3 5 5 5 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 8 8 1 7 9 9 3 4 4 7 3 0 2 4 4 5 6 1 1 4 7 8 6 9 1 4 9 7 3 4 6 0 ...
At the westernmost distribution of the steppe herbaceous plant, Galatella villosa, in Hungary, Serbia and Ukraine, we recently observed intermediate specimens between this species and its close relative, G. linosyris.We were able to demonstrate the hybrid origin of these individuals by sequencing the biparentally inherited nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region and checking additive polymorphism in the hybrids. In addition, examination of the maternally inherited plastid regions (trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers) revealed that G. villosa is likely to be the maternal parent in the Hungarian and Ukrainian populations and G. linosyris in the Serbian population. The intermediate forms produced only sterile seeds. The alleged hybrid between the above two species has already been described as G. ×subvillosa based on a very brief diagnosis. Still, the analysis of the morphological characters using linear discriminant analyses clearly separated the holotype of G. ×subvillosa from individuals of G. linosyris × G. villosa. The latter appeared to be morphologically intermediate between populations of G. villosa and G. linosyris. Contrary to the originally stated hybrid origin of the type plants of G. ×subvillosa, morphological evidence indicates the involvement of G. divaricata not G. linosyris. The hybrid G. linosyris × G. villosa is thus described here, as a new nothospecies G. ×feketegaborii. This study highlights the power of easily available molecular phylogenetic tools for demonstrating the hybrid origin of plants and illustrates how additive polymorphism can be distinguished from other types of intraindividual polymorphism in nuclear DNA sequences.
... The monophyly and circumscription of the Galatella group was established by Korolyuk et al. (1995). Farhani et al. (2018) provided further evidence that Crinitaria and Galatella, whose distinction was based on the presence or absence of sterile ray flowers (Nesom & Robinson 2007), form a single phylogenetic group and cannot be separated based on the morphological characters. ...
The taxonomic position of Pseudolinosyris is revised. The genus is reduced to a section of Galatella, where it differs in its shorter corolla lobes and a higher level of stem lignification. Two species are recognised in this section, G. grimmii comb. nov. with three subspecies (based on G. microcephala and G. sintenisii) and the newly added G. corymbulosa comb. nov. Another species is transferred from Crinitaria to Galatella, G. asperella, to form a new monotypic section. All the species and subspecies are redescribed and mapped, and their complete synonymy with typifications and a new identification key are provided.
... The genus Aster Linnaeus is one of the largest genera in the tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) with about 152 species, which are widely distributed in the Himalayas and the Hengduan mountains (Ling et al. 1985;Nesom et al. 1994;Noyes et al. 1999;Nesom et al. 2007;Brouillet et al. 2009;Chen et al. 2011). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus and its relatives elucidated the circumscription of Aster and showed that it could be divided into several clades (Li et al. 2012;Jafari et al. 2015;Korolyuk et al. 2015;Zhang et al. 2019). However, the phylogenetic relationships, species delimitation and identification remain unresolved for some poorly known species. ...
... linear, (1.5) 2-4 (5) × 0.1-0.2 (-0.5) cm in A. lavandulifolius; elliptic, oblong or lanceolate-ovate, 1.5-4.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm in A. argyropholis, The phylogenetic relationships of Aster and A. polius had never been previously investigated using DNA sequences of the nuclear ITS or ETS regions (Brouillet et al. 2009;Li et al. 2012;Jafari et al. 2015;Korolyuk et al. 2015). The present ML and BI molecular analyses show that both support a placement of A. polius within a group comprised of A. argyropholis, A. lavandulifolius, A. albescens and A. fulgidulus, and confirmed the monophyly of the shrubby species of Aster ser. ...
... These characters could be considered as synapomorphies. Although recent systematic work has shed light on the taxonomy of Aster, research has been largely focused on the phylogenetic framework of Aster and related genera (Nesom et al. 1994;Chen et al. 2011;Li et al. 2012;Jafari et al. 2015;Korolyuk et al. 2015), the diversity of the genus in most parts of southwestern China remained overlooked. Our rediscovery of A. polius in western Sichuan province calls for further fieldwork and continuous taxonomic and systematic studies in these under-surveyed regions. ...
Aster polius C.K. Schneider (Asteraceae, Astereae) was known only from the holotype locality after having been collected in 1908. Its systematic position and relationships among Aster and related genera remained unknown. In this work, we report the rediscovery of Aster polius at the type locality in western Sichuan, China, in 2016. After a detailed comparison with herbarium specimens and a phylogenetic reconstruction of densely sampled relatives based on nuclear markers (nrITS & nrETS), the position of Aster polius was determined to be in Aster ser. Albescentes. This species differs from other species of A. ser. Albescents in some key characters, i.e., leaves adaxially verruculose, leaves narrowly ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.5 × 0.2–0.7 cm, capitula in corymbiform synflorescences. An amended description with a distribution map and a drawing of the species are presented.
... Similar to previous molecular phylogenetic studies (Brouillet et al. 2009a, Li et al. 2012, Jafari et al. 2015, Korolyuk et al. 2015, our analyses retrieved the well supported Galatella group, comprising three genera: Crinitina, Galatella and Tripolium. These genera do share sculpturing pattern with glandular trichomes on the achene surface and a glabrous cuticular surface (Nesom & Robinson 2007, Korolyuk 1999). ...
... On the other hand, Greuter (2003), without paying attention to Soják's treatment, broadely defined Galatella to include Crinitaria (=Linosyris Cass.). Our analyses are in agreement with the previous molecular studies (Li et al. 2012, Korolyuk et al. 2015 and support the merger of Crinitina into the expanded Galatella. In contrast to our analyses, in the nrDNA ITS analysis of Korolyuk et al. (2015) Tripolium with three accessions formed a distinct clade with a long branch and nested among Gallatela species. ...
... Our analyses are in agreement with the previous molecular studies (Li et al. 2012, Korolyuk et al. 2015 and support the merger of Crinitina into the expanded Galatella. In contrast to our analyses, in the nrDNA ITS analysis of Korolyuk et al. (2015) Tripolium with three accessions formed a distinct clade with a long branch and nested among Gallatela species. This placement may be because of insufficient or homoplastic characters in the nrDNA ITS data. ...
The present study reconstructs the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe with emphasis on Psychrogeton using both nuclear (ITS, ETS) and chloroplast (trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer) markers. Divergence times for main lineages were estimated using BEAST analysis. Based on results of molecular analyses, tribe Astereae is circumscribed here as containing 16 genera and 38 species and comprising strongly supported five major clades: Aster, Chamaegeron, Erigeron, Galatella and Psychrogeton. Among the Eurasian asteroid taxa, Aster bachtiaricus formed the basal most diverging lineage far distantly from the Aster s.str. clade. Lachnophllum and Chamaegeron are sister taxa in nuclear tree, although weakly united in plastid topology. Galatella with the inclusion of Crinitina (= Crinitaria) constitutes a well-supported clade, which along with Tripolium forms the Galatella group. Eurasian Erigeron species were derived within the Erigeron clade. Erigeron uniflorus subsp. daenensis and subsp. elborsensis are distinct from the type subspecies and are resurrected here as species in their own right. Our analyses of the datasets revealed that all examined species of Psychrogeton, except P. obovatus, emerged in a single clade comprising four distinct subclades. Molecular dating analyses indicate that tribe Astereae originated in the Late Eocene at 38.6 Ma. The most genera of Astereae diverged during the Middle Miocene whereas the diversification of lineages began mostly through the Pliocene and Pleistocene. On the basis of the molecular data as well as the morphological characteristics, Aster bachtiaricus was elevated to the generic rank and this new monospecific genus was named Iranoaster. Psychrogeton obovatus was treated as a member of the recently established genus Neobrachyactis. The conflicting position of some taxa including Lachnophyllum gossypinum, Dichrocephala, Myriactis and Asterothamnus in nuclear and plastid trees might be the result of ancient hybridization/introgression events.
... This subtribe includes 13 genera and about 270 species. However, many open taxonomic questions remain concerning the species diagnosis, generic delimitation, and even the volume of the subtribe itself (Korolyuk & al. 2015;Nesom & Robinson 2007). Despite the numerous studies, genus Crinitaria Cass. is still one of the most complex genera of Asteraceae that remains unresolved yet (Fiz & al. 2002;Brouillet & al. 2009;Li & al. 2012;Korolyuk & al. 2015). ...
... However, many open taxonomic questions remain concerning the species diagnosis, generic delimitation, and even the volume of the subtribe itself (Korolyuk & al. 2015;Nesom & Robinson 2007). Despite the numerous studies, genus Crinitaria Cass. is still one of the most complex genera of Asteraceae that remains unresolved yet (Fiz & al. 2002;Brouillet & al. 2009;Li & al. 2012;Korolyuk & al. 2015). In recent years, some species of this genus have been transferred to other genera. ...
... has been recognized as a synonym of Galatella villosa (L.) Rchb.f. (Korolyuk & al. 2015). Therefore, the occurrence of Crinitaria Cass. is reconfirmed and C. grimmii (Regel & Schmalh.) ...
In this paper, Crambe edentula (Brassicaceae) and Crinitaria grimmii (Asteraceae) are reported as new noteworthy records for the vascular flora of Iran. Diagnostic morphological characters, taxonomic remarks, conservation status and a distribution map are provided.
... According to Nesom & Robinson (2007), it includes 13 genera and approximately 270 species. The molecularphylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Asterinae (Li et al., 2012;Korolyuk et al., 2015) states the differentiation of Asiatic taxa into five wellsupported clades. These are the Galatella group with the species of Asian genera Galatella Cass. ...
The karyotypes of two endemic species such as Asterothamnus heteropappoides and A. poliifolius from South Siberia were studied. Both species were diploids with the chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 18. The polyploidy and satellites were not found. For the first time, the chromosome morphology has been studied and the idiograms have been plotted. The chromosome sizes ranged from 6.42 to 4.23 µm for A. heteropappoides and the karyotype formula of 8m + 1sm and that from 5.88 µm to 3.64 µm for A. poliifolius and featuring the karyotype formula of 9m. 1 Центральный сибирский ботанический сад СО РАН, ул. Золотодолинская, 101, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия 2 Федеральный исследовательский центр институт цитологии и генетики, пр-т Лаврентьева, 10, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия Ключевые слова: Asterothamnus, хромосомные числа, кариотип. Аннотация. Приведены кариотипы двух эндемичных видов Asterothamnus heteropappoides и A. poliifolius из Южной Сибири. Оба вида диплоидны с числом хромосом 2n = 2x = 18. Полиплоидии и саттелитов не обна-ружено. Впервые изучена морфология хромосом для этих видов и приведены идиограммы. Размер хромосом варьирует от 6.42 µm до 4.23 µm for A. heteropappoides с формулой кариотипа 8m + 1sm и от 5.88 µm до 3.64 µm для A. poliifolius с формулой 9m.
Aster Linnaeus (1753: 872) is a large genus of the tribe Astereae, containing ca. 180 species (Nesom 1994). This genus is mainly distributed in Eurasia, with only one species reaching North America (Nesom 1994, Chen et al. 2011). Aster is characterized by its purple or white ray florets and lanceolate style branches (Ling et al. 1985, Nesom 1994, Chen et al. 2011). Previous taxonomists separated many small genera from Aster based on the floret’s characters, such as Kalimeris (Cass.) Cassini (1829: 464), Heteropappus Lessing (1832: 189), and Miyamayomena Kitamura (1982: 409). But recently, many of these segregated genera were suggested to be placed back into Aster based on the phylogenetic evidence (Ito et al. 1995, Li et al. 2012, Jafari et al. 2015, Korolyuk et al. 2015).
