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The deployment of access points (AP's) with optimum location has particular importance in optimizing the coverage, operation, and management of the networks. In addition, the most interesting researcher topics recently were finding the lowest cost localization algorithm and methods for indoor communication. The most utilizing approach was based on...
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... indoor communication, the optimum AP location can be selected in the localization phase (second phase). A dedicated algorithm was designed using visualized MATLAB program with a GUI window as seen in Figure 5. The flowchart of our algorithm illustrates in Figure 6, where first step was handling RSS values that have been stored in the database. ...
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Due to the wider application of wireless sensor networks in real life, 3D coverage closer to the actual application environment has become a research hotspot of current sensor networks. To this end, this paper proposes a three-dimensional coverage deployment method based on RSS (Received Signal Strength) under a probabilistic model. According to th...
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... The results showed a significant difference in network performance and building-wide coverage. As a result, a major contribution to improving network performance was proposed by reducing the number of app devices used from 13 to 8. Abdulwahid et al. [2] introduced an RSS-based scaling-based localization technique for efficient app deployment. RSS measurements were taken on a variety of real-world sites. ...
... The results show that DCCLA has produced the highest accuracy with well-equipped wireless access points. Also, the study presented in [26] that selecting reliable APs positioning for WLAN network uses a quasi-entropy function to measure the signal discrimination quantification between distinct locations. As well as in [27], which presents a low-cost method optimal AP location algorithm by two-step measurement, the results have shown that the conducted method achieved optimum AP location and enhanced the network coverage area. ...
Access Points (APs) in wireless networks have gained significant attention in several prospective such as estimating, propagating the Radio Frequency (RF), managing, and operating the network, and several challenges pose a critical manner, especially in indoor localization like obstacles, moving objects, the different materials building, and signal interference. According to previous issues, selecting an optimum location for APs has attracted researchers to find low-cost localization methods and approaches for indoor communication as it significantly affects the networks’ coverage, operation, and management. In this article, a problem investigation analysis and evaluation are conducted inside the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, at the University of Kufa by using the combination of the received signal levels (RSL) and the effective service coverage area for APs that installed on both sides of the department building. Each AP has different points in several rooms inside the building (17 points for the left and 18 points for the right side). Furthermore, this research proposed a new optimized design that provides high coverage area and service quality coverage in signal and connection. The evaluation results show the highest RSL value achieved, which is − 47 dBm, and the lowest RSL reaches − 87 dBm. Hence, the presented wireless signal coverage and performance have been analyzed and shown disheartening results in covering the entire building because it is on barrier two walls. Moreover, the far-away AP distance and the presence of the walls have weakened the transmitted signal, which caused the poor quality of service.KeywordsIndoor communicationAP locationIndoor networkWireless access pointReceived signal levelService coverage area
... The results showed a significant difference in network performance and building-wide coverage. As a result, a major contribution to improving network performance was proposed by reducing the number of app devices used from 13 to 8. Abdulwahid et al. [2] introduced an RSS-based scaling-based localization technique for efficient app deployment. RSS measurements were taken on a variety of real-world sites. ...
In this technologically evolving era, security plays a significant role in preventing different assets and crimes. This inconsistency developed an innovative idea to improve the level and solve the existing problems. This paper proposes a well-suited multilayer security system for homes, bank lockers, and more locations we can use it. Traditionally, password and biometric double-layer security systems use everywhere, but this embedded solution combines RFID, OTP, and fingerprint identification in sequence. Essential modules are connected and controlled through a microcontroller with a GSM module. Every operation done by the system pushes to the IoT cloud, and the mobile application shows the status of every action. The right authorized access can let the magnetic switch open, and every unauthorized access turns on the alarm with appropriate message notifications. The Proposed system is more effective and reliable due to multistage security, and it is not easy to crack with the combination of all three stages. The whole system's workings indicate by led flashes. This implementation has shown better results and a higher performance rate than existing methods
... The utilization of diversity technology, with the presumption that a mobile terminal contains two antennas, has the potential to improve data transfer rates and reliability without requiring extra spectrum or higher levels of transmitted power. [5]. In theory, the data transfer rate of a communication has a one-to-one correlation with the number of transmitting and receiving antennas. ...
... The Global Position System (GPS) is the most widely used method for determining the position. However, GPS is handy in outdoor settings, where their square measure is restricted and limited, resulting in clouded GPS service, similar to the location inside a high building [2]. Indoor localization systems square measure accustomed to estimating the location in any place where GPS does not function during this state of affairs. ...
The difficulty of implementing a localization system in an indoor environment has been exacerbated by multipath and interference issues. In this area, the most essential techniques for establishing such parameters are Time of Arrival (ToA) and Receive Signal Strength (RSS). Both of which should be enhanced, especially for extra interference caused by large multipath problems. The suggested techniques of this analysis are implemented in this article via the use of a case study of a chosen structure. The Hyperbolic method is used in this proposal to estimate the location of chosen targets.TheWireless InSite (WI) software was used to simulate the case study area, with thirty Receivers (RXs) and two Transmitters (TXs) placed in strategic locations. After recording the RSS and ToA values, it will be stored as a database. Such database is indicated as a relation carves using MATLAB package. The results indicate that the estimated locations are reasonably close to the actual locations, with an average error of (0.498349) m for the X-coordinate and (1.151832) m for the Y-coordinate based on RSS. Such a result came from distance error of (0.453345667) m and (0.484111) m for TX1 and TX2, respectively. On the other hand, based on ToA, the average error is (0.551781) m for the X-coordinate and (0.968433) m for the Y-coordinate with the distance error are (0.36676) m, and (0.4011592) m for TX1 and TX2, respectively. As a consequence, we confirm that the ToA approach is more effective in assessing indoor localization than the RSS method in the hyperbolic method.
... In other hand, there are many challenges in indoor systems such as, multi path phenomenon, multi user interference, and regressive [6], [7]. Therefore, many systems designed to mitigate those problems and carried out positioning systems with high accuracy. ...
Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) is common technology for indoor environments that use to estimate required distances, to be used for indoor localization. Due to multiple source of noise and interference with other signal, the receive signal strength (RSS) measurements unstable. The impression about targets environments should be available to estimate accurate targets location. The Wi-Fi fingerprint technique is widely implemented to build database matching with real data, but the challenges are the way of collect accurate data to be the reference and the impact of different environments on signals measurements. In this paper, optimum system proposed based on modify nearest point (MNP). To implement the proposal, 78 points measured to be the reference points recorded in each environment around the targets. Also, the case study building is separated to 7 areas, where the segmentation of environments leads to ability of dynamic parameters assignments. Moreover, database based on optimum data collected at each time using 63 samples in each point and the average will be final measurements. Then, the nearest point into specific environment has been determined by compared with at least four points. The results show that the errors of indoor localization were less than (0.102 m).
... For the past two years, valuable efforts have been conducted by many researchers as in 15 , where the researcher has performed an algorithm for optimum AP location among four preselected locations in the corners. Their simulation results that represent the targeted optimum AP location have been compared and confirmed based on real measurement results. ...
Optimizing the Access Point (AP) deployment has a great role in wireless applications due to the need for providing an efficient communication with low deployment costs. Quality of Service (QoS), is a major significant parameter and objective to be considered along with AP placement as well the overall deployment cost. This study proposes and investigates a multi-level optimization algorithm called Wireless Optimization Algorithm for Indoor Placement (WOAIP) based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). WOAIP aims to obtain the optimum AP multi-floor placement with effective coverage that makes it more capable of supporting QoS and cost-effectiveness. Five pairs (coverage, AP deployment) of weights, signal thresholds
and received signal strength (RSS) measurements simulated using Wireless InSite (WI) software were considered in the test case study by comparing the results collected from WI with the present wireless
simulated physical AP deployment of the targeted building - Computer Science Department at University of Baghdad. The performance evaluation of WOAIP shows an increase in terms of AP placement and
optimization distinguished in order to increase the wireless coverage ratio to 92.93% compared to 58.5% of present AP coverage (or 24.5% coverage enhancement on average).
... Furthermore, to these 4 groups, there is a winner who wins the race. [18,19,20] ...
Several algorithms and approaches have been adopted for wide range of controlled systems. One of the most interesting algorithms was the Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA), which has been widely used in many applications for the control system. In this paper, the ROA algorithm has been utilized in the Controlled System (Charging Control System associated and decrease the steady-state error, high overshoot, decreasing for rising time and settling time these issues that we are looking for disentangling it in the controlled System to get furthest reaches of depending capacity that makes Controller work in a best case. of Electric Vehicle) to enhance and optimize the charging procedure. Results obtained shows significant enhancement where the parameter values achieved for the Maximum overshooting, raising time, peak time and the settling time were zero%, 0.0341, 0.7, 0.1188 second respectively, which could be considered as more realistic results as compared with latest work in the same field. Such results have showed a significant enhancement as compared to the related results achieved in the same manner.
... Moreover, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is not related to the AP number. Recently, a lot of work has been proposed in the line, where the researcher [24] performed an algorithm for the optimized AP location between four locations previously identified in the corners. Simulation results that represent the optimal target AP were compared and confirmed according to real measurement results. ...
Optimizing the Access Point (AP) deployment is of great importance in wireless applications owing the requirement to provide efficient and cost-effective communication. Highly targeted by many researchers and academic industries, Quality of Service (QOS) is an important primary parameter and objective in mind along with AP placement and overall publishing cost. This study proposes and investigates a multi-level optimization algorithm based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). It aims to an optimal multi-floor AP placement with effective coverage that makes it more capable of supporting QOS and cost effectiveness. Five pairs (coverage, AP placement) of weights, signal thresholds, and Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements simulated with Wireless Insite (WI) software were considered to work in conjunction with the proposed optimization algorithm. Additionally, the AP deployment results obtained from WI and optimization will be compared with the simulation results of the current AP diffusion within the target building. These comparisons will be based on the most important RSS parameters, path loss (PL) and interference. The comparison results showed a significant improvement in RSS and path loss values of (-11.55) dBm and (11.55) dBm. While the interferences are decreased by (7.87 %). Furthermore, the result of performance analysis showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms the current AP deployment by 39.23% in coverage ratio.
... Also, the impact of serious effects on wave propagation causes by different building materials (Concrete, Wood, Brick, and Glass,) with a frequency of 2.4GHz band and 1MHz bandwidth [19] . Such impacts were taken into consideration for the entire investigation, where each material thickness, conductivity (σ), and relative permittivity (η`) were determined based on the recommendation of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [20,21]. The results of σ and η` calculations at a frequency of 2.4 GHz are listed in table 2. Twenty out of fifty RXs were involved in calculations. ...
The subject of target localization is becoming increasingly important with the recent development in science and technology. In this paper, a proposed system included simple equipment on three transmitters. The case study chosen in this work is simulated using Wireless InSite (WI) software to model the campus with its all building. Three Transmitters (TXs) are installed in selected position while twenty Receivers (RXs) are deployed randomly as a target to estimate their position utilizing Time of Arrival (ToA) and Received Signal Strength (RSS) to estimate the distance, the distance error is then obtained and utilized to get the enhanced distance. Trilateration utilizes the enhanced distance to obtain the target location and AoA. The achieved result is addressed using specific equations to estimate the target positions. The accuracy can be assessed by estimating localization error, minimal localization error was found to be 0.2178 while maximum value was 2.8522.
