Fig 1 - uploaded by Paola Beraldo
Content may be subject to copyright.
GSB gills descriptors. a) 102 dph, normal primary gill filament, HE; b) 102 dph, secondary lamellae covered by epithelial cells (thin arrow), chloride cells (arrow heads) and mucous cells (thin arrow) are located within interlamellar sulci, HE; c) 85 dph, mucous cells (arrows) are well detectable and reactive, they are located also in the secondary lamellae; chloride cells hypertrophy and epithelial cell hyperplasia are also present, HE; d) 53 dph, severe hyperplasia and mild hypertrophy of chloride cells, HE; e) 92 dph, secondary lamellae fusion with inflammatory cell infiltration (arrow), HE.
Source publication
Gilthead seabream (GSB - Sparus aurata) and European seabass (ESB - Dicentrarchus labrax) are two of the most farmed fish species in EU. However, production of sea bream/bass in the EU has remained stagnant for the last decade and the Mediterranean EU aquaculture faces significant sustainability challenges. In consideration of this, and as it is la...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... and criteria for the score attribution will be discussed. Given the number of images taken, it was decided to accompany the description of the descriptors with photographic plates of GSB specimens only; the images have been chosen in order to guarantee an exhaustive comprehension of the relative descriptor, regardless of the age of the fish. (Fig. 1a, b) 2.2.1.1. Mucous cells (Fig. 1c). Mucous cells are large ovoid cells that are composed mostly of large apical mucous secretory granules. The mucous cells are commonly found in the filament epithelium, they are frequent in efferent edges and afferent edge, less in the interlamellar space and at the base of lamellae outer margin. In ...
Context 2
... will be discussed. Given the number of images taken, it was decided to accompany the description of the descriptors with photographic plates of GSB specimens only; the images have been chosen in order to guarantee an exhaustive comprehension of the relative descriptor, regardless of the age of the fish. (Fig. 1a, b) 2.2.1.1. Mucous cells (Fig. 1c). Mucous cells are large ovoid cells that are composed mostly of large apical mucous secretory granules. The mucous cells are commonly found in the filament epithelium, they are frequent in efferent edges and afferent edge, less in the interlamellar space and at the base of lamellae outer margin. In general, the number of mucous cells ...
Context 3
... list of descriptors included in MSSS and score levels. Alsafy, 2013); mucous cell hyperplasia in gills (also in skin) can be an indicator of pathological or inflammatory processes induced by pathogens ( Dezfuli et al., 2007;Mahmoud et al., 2013), adverse environmental conditions and toxicant exposure ( Rodrigues et al., 2019;Beegam et al., 2020) (Fig. 1). The descriptor score is obtained by evaluating mucous cell hyperplasia in association to hypertrophy and metaplasia of epithelial cells: (Fig. 1d). These are plump and slightly hypereosinophilic cells concentrated in the afferent region of the filament epithelium of the gill filament, within the lamellar sulci ( Wilson and Laurent, ...
Context 4
... or inflammatory processes induced by pathogens ( Dezfuli et al., 2007;Mahmoud et al., 2013), adverse environmental conditions and toxicant exposure ( Rodrigues et al., 2019;Beegam et al., 2020) (Fig. 1). The descriptor score is obtained by evaluating mucous cell hyperplasia in association to hypertrophy and metaplasia of epithelial cells: (Fig. 1d). These are plump and slightly hypereosinophilic cells concentrated in the afferent region of the filament epithelium of the gill filament, within the lamellar sulci ( Wilson and Laurent, 2002;Wolf et al., 2015). The term ''chloride cell'' relates to their function in Cl -elimination ( Wilson and Laurent, 2002) but they are also known ...
Context 5
... Inflammatory infiltrate (Fig. 1e). In many fish species, including GSB and ESB, the basilar areas of gill filaments, gill arches, and pharyngeal mucosae contain dense populations of resident lymphocytes, eosinophilic granular cells and acidophilic granulocytes (Gills Associated Lymphoid Tissue -GIALT) so it is tempting to diagnose such constituent infiltrates as gill ...
Citations
... Some studies applied the semi-quantitative Bernet's protocol [58], an organ-by-organ evaluation system originally designed to monitor the health status of fish exposed to environmental pollution [59][60][61][62][63]. This protocol was subsequently adapted to evaluate diet-related alterations [64], the general health status of farmed fish [65], and the quality of their larval and juvenile stages [66]. The method used by Bernet is the subject of a recent review proposing standardization for histological evaluation to generate reliable, high-quality, and comparable data in fish histology [67]. ...
The liver health of Gilthead sea bream and European sea bass, fed with fish meal-free diets, including various proportions of plant proteins, as well as insect and poultry by-product meals, was investigated through biochemical and histological analyses using a new liver index (LI) formula. Four isoproteic (45% Dry Matter, DM) and isolipidic (20% DM) diets were compared, including a plant-based control diet (CV) and three other test diets, in which 40% of a plant protein-rich ingredient mixture was replaced with meals from Hermetia illucens (H40) or poultry by-product (P40) alone, or in combination (H10P30). The trials lasted 12 and 18 weeks for sea bream and sea bass, respectively. The results obtained thus far highlighted species-specific differences in the physiological response to dietary changes. In sea bream, the biochemical and histological responses suggest favorable physiological and liver health statuses, with higher serum cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TAG) levels, as well as moderate hepatocyte lipid accumulation, with the H10P30 diet compared to the CV (p < 0.05). In sea bass, all diets resulted in elevated serum TAG levels and lipid accumulation in the liver, particularly in fish fed the P40 one (p < 0.05), which resulted in the highest LI, coupled with a higher frequency of severe lipid accumulation, hypertrophy, cord loss, peripheral nuclei displacement, and pyknosis. In conclusion, sea bream adapted well to the test diets, whereas sea bass exhibited altered hepatic lipid metabolism leading to incipient liver steatosis, likely due to the high lipid contents of the diets, including the insect and poultry meals. The LI formula developed in this study proved to be a reliable tool for assessing the effects of dietary changes on the liver health of sea bream and sea bass, consistent with biochemical and histological findings.
... Some studies applied the semiquantitative Bernet's protocol [54], an organ-by-organ evaluation system originally designed to monitor the health status of fish exposed to environmental pollution [55][56][57][58][59]. This protocol was subsequently adapted to evaluate diet-related alterations [60], general health status of farmed fish [61] and the quality of their larval and juvenile stages [62]. The method used by Bernet is the subject of a recent review proposing standardization for histological evaluation to generate reliable, highquality, and comparable data in fish histology [63]. ...
The liver health of Gilthead sea bream and European sea bass fed fishmeal-free diets including various proportions of plant proteins, insect and poultry by-product meals, was investigated through biochemical and histological analyses using a new Liver Index (LI) formula. Four isoproteic (45% DM) and isolipidic (20% DM) diets were compared: a control, plant-based diet (CV) and other three test ones where 40% of a plant protein-rich ingredient mixture was replaced by Hermetia illucens (H40) or poultry by-product (P40) meals alone or in combination (H10P30). The trials lasted 12 and 18 weeks for sea bream and sea bass, respectively. The results so far ob-tained highlighted species-specific differences in the physiological response to dietary changes. In sea bream, the biochemical and histological responses suggest favorable physiological status and liver health, with higher serum cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TAG) levels and moderate hepatocyte lipid accumulation with the H10P30 diet compared to CV (p<0.05). In sea bass, all diets resulted in elevated serum TAG levels and liver lipid accumulation particularly in fish fed the P40 one (p<0.05) which resulted in the highest LI, coupled with higher frequency of severe lipid accumulation, hypertrophy, cord loss, peripheral nuclei displacement and pyknosis. In conclusion sea bream well adapted to the test diets, while sea bass exhibited altered hepatic lipid metabolism leading to incipient liver steatosis, likely due to the high lipid content of the diets including the insect and poultry meals. The LI developed in this study proved to be a reliable tool for assessing the effects of dietary changes on liver health of sea bream and sea bass, consistent with biochemical and histological findings.
... Fish histology is a widely used semi-quantitative tool to assess the adverse impact of toxicants in the field of biomedical research, ecotoxicology, wildlife, aquaculture, etc. (Pacorig et al., 2022). The histological examination will provide information about the health status of organisms residing in a suspected case of chemical contamination. ...
... where HIrp org is the reaction pattern index; a is the score value and w is the importance factor for each histopathological abnormality (Table S1). The factors importance for histopathological abnormalities were selected based on the works of other authors [27,35,36,39,[123][124][125][126][127]. ...
In the present article, the possible mitigation of the toxic effect of imidacloprid low-concentration chronic exposure on Danio rerio by the probiotic strain Lactobacillus brevis 47f (1 × 108 CFU/g) was examined. It was found that even sublethal concentration (2500 µg/L) could lead to the death of some fish during the 60-day chronic experiment. However, the use of Lactobacillus brevis 47f partially reduced the toxic effects, resulting in an increased survival rate and a significant reduction of morphohistological lesions in the intestines and kidneys of Danio rerio. The kidneys were found to be the most susceptible organ to toxic exposure, showing significant disturbances. Calculation of the histopathological index, measurement of morphometric parameters, and analysis of principal components revealed the most significant parameters affected by the combined action of imidacloprid and Lactobacillus brevis 47f. This effect of imidacloprid and the probiotic strain had a multidirectional influence on various pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8). Therefore, the results suggest the possibility of further studying the probiotic strain Lactobacillus brevis 47f as a strain that reduces the toxic effects of xenobiotics. Additionally, the study established the possibility of using imidacloprid as a model toxicant to assess the detoxification ability of probiotics on the kidney and gastrointestinal tract of fish.
