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Rapid urbanisation has inevitably increased pressure on urban infrastructure and services, much of which have not sustainably been provided to muddle through with rapid urban growth; thus, resulting to poor urban service delivery including uncollected solid waste in most urban locations in developing countries. The city of Dar es Salaam including i...
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... Information Systems (GIS) are one of the most exciting technologies available to geographers today. They have also evolved into essential tools of urban planning and administration, business planning, natural resource management, and other areas (see Figure 3). In order to use GIS to its potential, it must be understood as involving more than software. ...
Citations
... Studies have shown that in developing countries, the major causes of solid waste management problems can be traced to poor linkages between spatial and non-spatial data components of the waste management process. The issues, such as inefficient waste collection, high operational costs, uncoordinated collection point, etc., can all be traced to the poor linkages (Kyessi & Mwakalinga, 2009). GIS serves as the perfect solution to bridge these linkages. ...
Waste Management can be quite challenging, especially in the developing world. The challenge becomes even more complex with the growing population. City planners and decision makers are turning to technology to improve the efficiency of the waste management process. Geospatial technologies have offered a range of solutions, which have been deployed with success in waste management. This paper highlights the challenges of waste management in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and how the Rivers State Waste Management Agency (RIWAMA) deployed the use of GIS in solving most of the challenges of identification, planning, evacuation, and transportation of wastes within the Port Harcourt metropolis. This paper looked at how this solution was deployed to solve key challenges as well as stimulate citizen participation in the waste management process. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for expanding the potentials of its application.
... To a reasonable extent, waste management has been a challenge to both the developed and developing countries. Some of the major challenges are inadequate waste collection, accumulation of wastes on road sides, canals and on any available piece of land, wrong location of disposal sites by government, lack of waste treatments, inadequate resources to manage the sites, non implementation of environmental laws and high operational costs (Babayemi and Dauda, 2009;Kyessi and Mwakalinga, 2009). ...
The extents of migration of leachate plumes and the probabilistic assessment of human health risks were carried out on Oke-Diya dumpsite, Sagamu, Southwestern Nigeria. Geophysical methods involving Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and Electrical Resistivity Topography (ERT) techniques, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) geochemical method were used to map and detect the presence and extent of leachate migration. The VLFEM pseudo-sections revealed conductive zones of responses 25 - 50 to a depth of about 15 m and approximated distance 50 m from the study area. The 2D and 3D ERT models delineated high conductive zones with very low resistivity values ranging from 0.551-6.54 and 2.4respectively. These conductive regions were observed to depths above 13.4 m and approximated distance 60 m from the study area in the 2D models. The 3D sections comprising of the horizontal depth slices, vertical planes and volumetric displays revealed regions with higher conductivity to a depth of about 21.9 m and approximated distance 50 m from the dumpsite. The mean concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, Fe and Cu in the soil samples were higher than the concentrations in the control samples. The human health risk assessment indicated unacceptable values for non-carcinogenic adverse effects for both children and adults. The probabilistic cancer risks were within the acceptable range for Pb and unacceptable for Cd for both the children and adults. Generally, this study had identified areas of concentrated plumes accumulation and migration pathways, which were in agreement with earlier studies in sedimentary terrain.
... To a reasonable extent, waste management has been a challenge to both the developed and developing countries. Some of the major challenges are inadequate waste collection, accumulation of wastes on road sides, canals and on any available piece of land, wrong location of disposal sites by government, lack of waste treatments, inadequate resources to manage the sites, non implementation of environmental laws and high operational costs (Babayemi and Dauda, 2009;Kyessi and Mwakalinga, 2009). ...
... This may be a lot more complicated using the traditional and manual methods, hence, the need for GIS and remote sensing applications. [10] concluded that organized disposal systems and management would prevent environmental degradation. [11] described noise mapping as a graphical representation of the sound level distribution existing in a given region, so also the benefits of waste mapping as they exist in a certain location. ...
Increasing population growth, lack of suitable waste treatment and disposal sites, in addition to inadequate equipment for waste recycling, poor town planning, accumulation of waste beside the roads and canals caused by inadequate waste collection and lack of enough data and information on waste generation could be observed as palpable causes of inadequate waste management in our societies, as well as sources of environmental pollution. This paper considered the applications of Geographic Information Systems in the selection of suitable land fill sites in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA. Geospatial data of the study area were obtained, buffer, overlay and intersection analysis were carried out to exclude non-suitable locations and identification of suitable sites. The suitable locations for landfill were selected, and we concluded that GIS is a veritable tool in qualitative decision making in environmental management and sustainable development.
... These technologies work for spatial and attribute data acquisition, storage, analysis and visualization. If the vehicles, used for solid waste collection, transportation and dumping, are brought under GPS tracker system, it will be easy to assess and monitor their routes, real time of waste collection and dumping from the control room [13] and the employees cannot swindle the high-ranking authorities. • Geo-informatics would help in monitoring the unauthorized activities, by keeping the vigil's eye over the number of trips made by trucks to the specified disposal site. ...
... Besides solid waste, illegal oil activities and industrial pollution can as well pollute water bodies [20]. Application of GIS in waste management will prevent environmental degradation [21] and minimized disease outbreak, odour, economic loses, and atmospheric and water pollution [22]. [23] Used GIS software and GPS handheld receiver in Anand city of India to managed municipal solid waste collection, transportation, and disposal. ...
... Solid waste management involves the processes of generation, collection, transport, treatment, value recovery, and subsequent disposal. Poor design of any of these processes increases operational cost and can result in environmental pollution [10]. The collection and transportation process alone, for instance, accounts for approximately 60% -80% of total cost for solid waste management [11][12][13][14][15]. Inefficient solid waste collection and transport as such will significantly affect management companies by increasing operational cost and subsequently reducing profit. ...
... Application of GIS in solving vehicle routing problems helps to improve waste collection, ensures efficient solid waste management system, and finally generates routes which are short and cheap, with high rate of return within a short period [38]. GIS has further been proven to be a tool that provides the alternative method of minimizing operational costs for waste management contractors [10]. There are however limitations in optimization through the application of GIS as documented by past studies. ...
This paper reviews the effect of applying optimization methods on the collection process of solid waste, with particular interest in mathematical programming and geographic information system approaches in developing countries. Mathematical programming approaches maximize or minimize an objective function for improvement in procedure, to ensure operational efficiency and also serve as decision support tools. They however provide partial solutions when implemented in reality and cannot fully handle road network constraints. Geographic information system approaches allow processing of additional considerations, often ignored in other methods, such as the street network modeling. Incorporating environmental pollution consideration is very challenging in this approach, the vehicle routing problem solver encountering limits for large data. For enhanced efficiency of the vehicle routing systems, studies should further focus on incorporating all network constraints, environmental pollution considerations, and impact of land use changes on routing.
... The network analysis results show the shortest paths from the collecting bin spot to the dump yard location it not only saves time, but it also saves fuel consumption on that trip. GIS has been once again proved to be an effective tool which provides the alternative methods for minimizing their operational costs 21 . Figure 5. Road network analysis in study area. ...
Objectives: The municipal solid waste management is a challenging task for local authorities. To manage this, a study was conducted in Kanchipuram municipality, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Spatial database was prepared for the study area by using high-resolution satellite imagery. Non-spatial information like street name, road name, a nearby landmark, bin number and bin type were added in Geographical Information System (GIS). In this study modern technique like Global Positioning System (GPS), a communication system (GPRS and GSM), GIS and computer programming are integrated to assist the solid waste management. Findings: This integration may serve to overcome the conventional conflict in solid waste management within the municipal region. The proposed system consists multiple spatial information in the prepared digital database, like bin location (with reference to its latitude and longitude); ward details, onboard monitoring of bin strategy. Based on a study of smart bin usage in developed countries, new type smart bins with sensor arrangements are suggested. The solid waste strategy of each bin in each ward could be collected by monitoring authority through the GPRS and GSM technique which is fixed in the proposed bin. This developed system consists of the bin priority, strategy, and track location. This will serve for taking a decision by applying queries to the created database and also to enhance the solid waste management technique in Kanchipuram municipality. Application: This work proves incorporation of recent technique in municipal solid waste management will save both time and money.
... Dragan et al. introduced a two-stage optimization approach to reduce transportation costs for students [9]. Kyessi and Mwakalinga used a GIS to set up a leastcost route for solid waste collection and also compared the results with an existing route [10]. Tavares et al. developed GIS 3-D route modeling for optimizing municipal solid waste collection vehicle routing for minimum fuel consumption in a case study of waste collection and transportation [11]. ...
With the rapid economic development in China, the amount of plastic waste (PW) generated has greatly increased and much of the waste is currently not treated. To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from recycling of PW, we estimated the PW flow and considered methods to improve the household PW recycling system in Tianjin by adjusting processes during transportation and establishing a PW recycling factory in Zi’ya Industrial Park. The goal of the study was to identify reasonable improvements for the recycling system and clarify the environmental load. Geographic information system (GIS) technology was used to simulate transport processes for comparing GHG emissions from the transport processes between the present case and an improved case. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare GHG emissions between a projected scenario and a baseline scenario. Estimated GHG emissions during transport processes in the improved case were reduced by about 12,197 t CO2 eq per year compared to the present case, equivalent to about 65.9 % of the total emissions in the present case. GHG emissions in the projected scenario were about 101,738 t CO2 eq less per year than the baseline scenario, equivalent to about 75.5 % of the total emissions in the baseline scenario.
... Several factors are said to contribute to the continued piling up of solid waste along the streets. The commonly cited reasons include poor technology, weak management structure, lack of resources and uncontrolled rural-urban migration [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. ...
This paper presents a mathematical model of the effects of population dynamics on solid waste generation and treatment. The model is developed by grouping the population into three age classes and each group considered to have its own solid waste generation rate and natural death rate. The population is assumed to increase due to birth and migration. Both analytical and numerical results confirm that solid waste generation increases with increasing population growth. On the other hand, sensitivity analysis shows that increasing solid waste treatment effort results in significant decreases in solid waste accumulation suggesting that with concerted treatment effort solid waste free environment can be achieved.
