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... index is based on 11 ICT indicators, grouped in 3 clusters: opportunity, infrastructure and utilization (Table 1). Within this ranking Korea occupy a position of world leader when France is situated at a remote 26th rank ( Figure 1). There is almost no differences as far as opportunity indicators are concerned, but the divergence is mainly concentrated on infrastructure and utilization clusters. ...
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... evolution of the manufacturing basis is confirmed by the evolution of the international trade of both countries. While Korea increased significantly its exports in ICT products, they almost stagnated in France ( Figure 10). This dynamism of Korean ICT foreign trade led to an increase in its share of ICT OECD trade, when France's share declined ( Figure 11). ...
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... Korea increased significantly its exports in ICT products, they almost stagnated in France ( Figure 10). This dynamism of Korean ICT foreign trade led to an increase in its share of ICT OECD trade, when France's share declined ( Figure 11). Korea has thus obtained strong surplus in computer equipment trade ( Figure 12) and above all in communication equipment trade where it stands as OECD export leader. ...
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... dynamism of Korean ICT foreign trade led to an increase in its share of ICT OECD trade, when France's share declined ( Figure 11). Korea has thus obtained strong surplus in computer equipment trade ( Figure 12) and above all in communication equipment trade where it stands as OECD export leader. On the contrary ...
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... Japan These contrasted performances of France and Korea appear clearly in terms of revealed comparative advantages in ICT goods. Between 1996 and Korea has improved its position while the one of France has deteriorated ( Figure 14). ...
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... Lee and Chan-Olmested, 2004) Indeed, the share of ICT services in total business services is more important in Korea than in France, even if the difference is quite small and if the share of "other ICT services" than telecommunications is higher in Kore (Figure 15). This is also true when looking at the international specialization: among OECD countries, Korea is ranking last for "computer and information services" exportation, 19 th for "communication services", 14 th for "software goods" while Franc is respectively ranking 11 th , 5 th and 7 th . ...
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... a result of these contrasted evolutions of public innovation policies -and also widely 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 At first sight, features about public expenditure for R&D seems not to distinguish clearly Korea from other developed country. Indeed, French public expenditure are significantly higher both as a share of GDP ( Figure 20) and in absolute amounts ( Figure 19). However, the feature changes radically when the composition of these public expenditures is analysed. ...
Context 9
... the feature changes radically when the composition of these public expenditures is analysed. The high level of French public expenditure for R&D is due to a large amount of military R&D (Figure 21), which is largely dedicated to the nuclear field. On the contrary, Korea is standing clearly above its other OECD counterparts in terms of public expenditure dedicated to industrial R&D ( Figure 22). ...
