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GDP per capita and patents per capita for S8, Asian NIEs and G7, 1980 and 2000 Real GDP per capita Patents per capita Population ($constant, 1996) Growth rate (%) (patents per million) Growth rate (%) (millions)
Source publication
This paper examines the changing pattern of technological specialization of the four small, newly industrializing economies (NIEs) from East Asia as they move up the economic development ladder. In addition, the paper also investigates whether there is convergence or divergence between these NIEs and two reference groups of advanced economies -- ei...
Citations
... Thus, technological specialization strategies can possibly create core competence and ultimately increase the firm's financial performance and level of innovation (Cantwell & Iammarino, 2001;Duysters & Hageddorn, 2000;Lettl, Rost, & Wartburg, 2009). In addition, technological, specialized firms lead to price competitiveness because of the production in economies of scale (Bunn & Oliveira 2007;Wong & Singh, 2005). Subsequently, manufacturing firms have high possibility to position as market leaders. ...
Korea’s technological achievement in the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry became possible primarily through a catch-up strategy in technological development. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the Korean TFT-LCD industry’s knowledge management, the researchers highlight the strategies that key Korean firms utilized to enable a successful technological catch-up. On a national level, patent citation information is analyzed to evaluate the Korean industry’s technological knowledge position compared to other Asian countries. Results from this analysis indicate that Korea plays a central role within the knowledge network, as evidenced by the highest centrality value. On a firm level, Samsung and LG Display are investigated in the areas of technological development and manufacturing strategies. Samsung and LG Display show strength in the technological specialization of devices’ arrangements/optical operation and arrangement/circuits of control indicating devices. In addition, these two firms show more diversification to allow for new business opportunities. By integrating quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the TFT-LCD industry on national and firm levels, this research demonstrates the industry’s trajectory with depth and precision. In addition, this study contributes a meaningful strengthening of analysis methods in technological knowledge management and provides successful management factors for new latecomers in the industry.
... Objectives of patent analysis are to recognize the trends in technological development. EkaterinaKhramova etal (2013) 5 presented a systematic 3 https://sites.google.com/site/analyzingpatenttrends/ Home/what-is-patent-analysis visited on 28/11/2016 4 Regression analysis has been avoided as there exists a correlation (0.87) between R&D expenditure and No of R&D personnel who mean two independent variables are not mutually exclusive.5 ...
... EkaterinaKhramova etal (2013) 5 presented a systematic 3 https://sites.google.com/site/analyzingpatenttrends/ Home/what-is-patent-analysis visited on 28/11/2016 4 Regression analysis has been avoided as there exists a correlation (0.87) between R&D expenditure and No of R&D personnel who mean two independent variables are not mutually exclusive.5 Ekaterina Khramova (2013) , Dirk Meissner, Galina Sagieva (2013), statistical patent analysis indicator as means of determining country technology overview of the most appropriate tools and methodologies that are available for determining the technological specialization of countries. ...
Patent documents are an ample source of technical and commercial knowledge and analysis of patent is considered as a useful tool for R&D management and techno economic analysis in different sectors across the globe. Patent statistics provide a fertile ground for analyzing the strength and weaknesses of individual actors in selected technology fields. This paper tried to analyze patents pertaining to Indian electrical energy sector.
... Further, smaller countries are somewhat forced to specialize in certain niches and thus may be more dependent on international technological linkages (Archibugi and Pianta, 1996). Similarly, although options theory may suggest smaller countries could spread available resources over a variety of areas to minimize risk, the actual risk of spreading resources too thinly and thus not sufficiently to enable growth provides an incentive for smaller economies with adequate capabilities to specialize in a smaller number of technological fields; this concept explains the growing convergence among small, late-industrializing Asian economies including Taiwan and South Korea (Wong and Singh, 2005). In contrast to these concepts, the economies of scale and scope argument suggests that large countries with a larger domestic market and absolute advantages in endowments can diversify their technological investments across many fields and still be quite competitive therein. ...
... The degree to which target and acquirer firms are familiar with each other, especially on R&D format, R&D procedure & flow, and R&D personnel Target Firm-side indicator Technology Quality (Hitt and Hoskisson et al., 1996) Average citation frequency of patents Technology Quantity (Hitt and Hoskisson et al., 1996) Number of granted patents R&D Human Resource (Park and Yoon et al, 2013) Number of inventors of all patents R&D Productive Efficiency (Cook, 2011) Average patent records per inventor Target Technology Concentration (Wong and Singh, 2005) Percentage of target-technology-related patents out of all patents ...
... (4) Target technology concentration In addition, as there are some studies show that innovation performance (invention quantity) was lowest for M&As in which the firms operated in largely unrelated technology areas (Ahuja and Katila, 2001;Cloodt et al., 2006), which implies that acquirer prefers to acquire a firm which focuses on its target technologies closely to achieve more M&A values. In our index-based system, Target Technology Concentration (Wong and Singh, 2005) is proposed to express whether the target technologies are the major parts for the candidate firms, and is measured by the percentage of target technology-related patents out of all patents. ...
Technology strategy plays an increasingly important role in today’s Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activities. Informing that strategy with empirical intelligence offers great potential value to R&D managers and technology policy makers, this paper proposes a methodology, based on patent analysis, to extract technical intelligence to identify technology M&A target technologies and evaluate relevant target companies to facilitate M&A target selection. We apply the term clumping process and a trend analysis together with policy and market information to profile present R&D status and capture future development signals and trends in order to grasp a range of significant domain-based technologies. Furthermore, a comparison between a selected acquirer and leading players is used to identify significant technologies and sub-technologies for specific strategy-oriented technology M&A activities. Finally, aiming to recommend appropriate M&A target companies, we set up an index-based system to evaluate the acquired target candidates from both firms-side perspective and target firm-side perspective and differentially weigh for specific M&A situations. We provide an empirical study in the field of computer numerical control machine tools (CNCMT) in China to identify technology M&A targets for an emerging Chinese CNCMT company – Estun Automation under different M&A strategies.
... These authors also point out that the central features in dynamic comparative advantages are technology and quality competitiveness rather than lower prices. Similar conclusions are reached by those that studied the factors sustaining convergence and divergence between developing and developed economies, based on technological catching up (see Wong and Singh, 2005;Chang, 2001;UNIDO, 2005, pp. 10−12 and chapter 2). ...
This paper focuses on the role of the production structure in shaping output shares, wage bargaining and the dynamics of the real exchange rate in a Neo-Kaleckian macroeconomic model. While changes in the rate of capital utilization ensure the short-run equilibrium, in the medium run the real exchange rate must adjust to stabilize the labor market and the external sector. Interestingly, these variables define a trilemma in which it is not possible for workers to have their desired wage share, for firms to have their desired profit share in output and for the economy to have a stable deficit in current account to GDP ratio at the same time. Structural change allows for a way out of the trilemma as it makes possible a higher wage share for a given profit share with external equilibrium. The corollary is that distribution and high employment cannot be sustained solely by conventional fiscal and monetary policies: they also require industrial and technological policies that redefine the structural parameters of the system, as a form of reconciling conflicting claims with external equilibrium.
... Further, smaller countries are somewhat forced to specialize in certain niches and thus may be more dependent on international technological linkages (Archibugi and Pianta, 1996). Similarly, although options theory may suggest smaller countries could spread available resources over a variety of areas to minimize risk, the actual risk of spreading resources too thinly and thus not sufficiently to enable growth provides an incentive for smaller economies with adequate capabilities to specialize in a smaller number of technological fields; this concept explains the growing convergence among small, late-industrializing Asian economies including Taiwan and South Korea (Wong and Singh, 2005). In contrast to these concepts, the economies of scale and scope argument suggests that large countries with a larger domestic market and absolute advantages in endowments can diversify their technological investments across many fields and still be quite competitive therein. ...
This paper examines the dynamics of technological specialization in “strategic emerging industries” (SEIs) within each of mainland China’s 31 provinces and the likely effectiveness, based on the experiences of Taiwan and South Korea, of the provinces’ strategies for developing these industries. Grounded in economic decentralization theories, the empirical method employed includes analyzing the scores on an SEI “Specialization Promotion Index” per each province alongside several analytics of invention patent data from each province in the seven SEIs newly designated by the central-level government as of 2010. The data is quantitatively analyzed according to four groups of indicators based on the following specialization-relevant concepts: comparative advantages and technological capabilities; economy size and income; technological uncertainty and lifecycles; and latecomer entry into complex technologies where knowledge is most cumulative. The analysis finds that China’s system of economic decentralization has partially worked to ensure provincial industrial policymaking is effective, whereby a notable number of provinces are seemingly pursuing SEI development strategies (in terms of SEI selection and promotion) that may enable catch-up. However, paradoxically, at the same time, the system appears to sometimes facilitate provincial SEI development strategies that are quite risky or even likely ineffective.
... First, text mining techniques are used to retrieve co-invented patents (Lei et al., 2013) between target and acquirer firms. Co-invented patents include patents that have been issued or applied resulting The degree to which the target and acquirer firms' technological problem-solving focuses on the same narrowly-defined areas of knowledge Technology complementarity Makri et al. (2010); Miozzo et al. (2015) The degree to which the target and acquirer firms' technological problem-solving focuses on different narrowly defined areas of knowledge within a broadly defined area of knowledge that they share R&D familiarity Al-Laham et al. (2010) The degree to which target and acquirer firms are familiar with each other, especially on R&D format, R&D procedure & flow, and R&D personnel Target firm-side indicator Technology quality Hitt et al. (1996) Average citation frequency of patents Technology quantity Hitt et al. (1996) Number of granted patents R&D human resource Park et al. (2013) Number of inventors of all patents R&D productive efficiency Cook (2011) Average patent records per inventor Target technology concentration Wong and Singh (2005) Percentage of target-technology-related patents out of all patents from the co-operation between the target and acquirer firms, which could be considered as the remarkable R&D outcome of cooperation (Kerr and Kerr, 2015). A list of those co-invented patents will be generated. ...
... (4) Target technology concentration In addition, there are some studies showing that innovation performance (invention quantity) was lowest for M&As in which the firms operated in largely unrelated technology areas (Ahuja and Katila, 2001;Cloodt et al., 2006), which implies that the acquirer prefers to acquire a firm which focuses on its target technologies closely to achieve more M&A values. In our index-based system, Target Technology Concentration (Wong and Singh, 2005) is proposed to express whether the target technologies are the major parts for the candidate firms, and is measured by the percentage of target technology-related patents out of all patents. ...
Technology strategy plays an increasingly important role in today's Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activity, especially that aiming to obtain key technology capabilities. A big challenge that faces corporate managers and government policy makers is how to bring technology development prospects into play in order to help enterprises complement and strengthen their advantages. In this study, based on text mining of patents, we devise a method for extracting technology intelligence to facilitate M&A, focusing on potential targets by assessing technological synergy value for a firm. We present results pertaining to technology M&A in the field of numerical control systems in China.
... Technological convergence could provide many benefits and opportunities over many areas. In general, convergence plays an important role in society from economic, social, and development perspective (Wong 2005). It can influence the way in which governments develop appropriate policy while looking for social welfare, enterprises compete in the market, and individuals communicate with each other and benefit from efficient and lower-cost, innovative and new valueadded products and services. ...
Many scientists today say that converged technologies, not specifically dedicated technologies, will be in the vanguard in the 21^{st} century. Technological Convergence is the merging of different areas of technology to perform similar tasks. Since we are living in the era of Technological Convergence, it is time for us to think about how to cope with the daily demands we are facing in science parks. Technological Convergence is a mega trend in commercial areas today but, so far, no science parks seem to have tried to reshape their management policies or programs in order to utilize this trend. For the development of science parks we suggest some tasks such as: identify potentials for Technological Convergence, establish a convergent ecosystem by building connections across stove-piped systems, effect a technological convergence platform, and conduct further research for strengthening plans for converging technologies.
... These authors also point out that the central features in dynamic comparative advantages are technology and quality competitiveness rather than lower prices. Similar conclusions are reached by those that studied the factors sustaining convergence and divergence between developing and developed economies, based on technological catching up (see Wong and Singh, 2005;Chang, 2001;UNIDO, 2005, pp. 10−12 and chapter 2). ...
The second section of this chapter presents the structuralist centre-periphery theory, a device to discuss the features that distinguish the Latin American economies (the periphery) from the developed ones (the centre). Structuralism provides a good account of the macrodynamics of technology, specialization, and relative economic growth. However, it lacks a theory of the microeconomics of learning and the accumulation of technological capabilities supporting this macrodynamics. This chapter argues that the Schumpeterian evolutionary school offers such microfoundations and discusses the various channels linking the Schumpeterian micro with the structuralist macro. The third section discusses the growth trajectory of Latin America in the postwar period from a structuralist-Schumpeterian perspective, relating the accumulation of TCs to different institutional arrangements and policies. It suggests that the arrangements were unfavourable to learning and structural change, and discusses why the region remained in a hysteresis state after the early 1980s.
