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GC-MS-SIM chromatogram of standard mixture of the 43 pesticides (0.5 mg L⁻¹): 1: dichlorvos, 2: carbofuran, 3: methamidophos, 4: ethoprophos, 5: omethoate, 6: phorate, 7: hexachlorobenzene, 8: α-BHC, 9: monocrotophos, 10: quintozene, 11: γ-BHC, 12: dimethoate, 13: acetochlor, 14: β-BHC, 15: prometryn, 16: δ-BHC, 17: metalaxyl, 18: chlorothalonil, 19: aldrin, 20: chlorpyrifos, 21: parathion, 22: dicofol, 23: pendimethalin, 24: cis-heptachlor epoxide, 25: trans-heptachlor epoxide, 26: cis-chlordane, 27: trans-chlordane, 28: thiamethoxam, 29: pp'-DDE, 30: dieldrin, 31: fludioxonil, 32: op'-DDT, 33: nitrofen, 34: pp'-DDD, 35: β-endosulfan, 36: propiconazole, 37: pp'-DDT, 38: bifenthrin, 39: fenpropathrin, 40: cyhalothrin, 41: cypermethrin, 42: fenvalerate, and 43: difenoconazole.
Source publication
A simple, fast, and reliable method was established for simultaneous determination of 43 pesticides in Schizonepeta tenuifolia. The samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction (SPE) method. Pesticides were extracted from Schizonepeta tenuifolia using acetonitrile, cleaned with Pesticarb/NH2, and eluted by mixed solvents of acetonitrile and t...
Citations
... At present, the SPE method can effectively separate pesticides and organic contaminants in a complex matrix. Zhou et al. [18] developed a reliable protocol for quantitating 43 pesticides in Schizonepeta tenuifolia cleaned with Pesticarb/NH 2 cartridges. Li et al. [19] screened for 439 pesticides in fruits and vegetables with Carb/NH 2 cartridges and obtained satisfactory results. ...
Before use as medicines, most traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plants are processed and decocted. During processing, there may be some changes in pesticide residues in TCM. In recent years, reports have studied the changes of pesticides during the processes of boiling, drying and peeling of TCM materials but have rarely involved special processing methods for TCM, such as ethanol extraction and volatile oil extraction. The changes of carbendazim, carbofuran, pyridaben and tebuconazole residues in common processing methods for P. cablin products were systemically assessed in this study. After each processing step, the pesticides were quantitated by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed amount decreases in various pesticides to different extents after each processing procedure. Processing factor (PF) values for the four pesticides after decoction, 75% ethanol extraction and volatile oil extraction were 0.02~0.75, 0.40~0.98 and 0~0.02, respectively, which indicated that residual pesticide concentrations may depend on the processing technique. A risk assessment according to the hazard quotient with PF values showed that residual pesticide amounts in P. cablin were substantially lower than levels potentially posing a health risk. Overall, these findings provide insights into the safety assessment of P. cablin.
... Selection of these compounds for regulation is not easy to evaluate, regarding both identification and quantification. Mass spectrometry (MS), an analytical identification technique for compounds of interest, has been gaining a prominent position for use in organic environmental analyses [11]. An approach consisting of use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) techniques is mentioned in regulated methods (ISO 27108:2013 and ASTM D 6520:2000). ...
Abstract
A significant proportion of the pesticides that are widely used in agriculture are highly toxic pollutants, despite their low concentrations. They have high capacity for polluting water, soil and air, especially during their application. The difficulty and cost of analyses to identify them and the inefficiency of conventional water treatment for human consumption, combined with the lack of legislation on this subject, has favored their accumulation in the environment. The present study was conducted in the lower part of the São Francisco River, in Brazil, between the Xingó hydroelectric power plant (municipality of Piranhas, Alagoas State [AL]) and the mouth of the river (municipality of Piaçabuçu, Alagoas State [AL]). This stretch of the river is approximately 240 km long. Water was sampled in November 2021, at transects downstream from the municipalities of Piranhas AL, Pão de Açúcar AL, Traipu AL, São Brás AL, Propriá (Sergipe State) and Penedo AL. The technique used for analytical monitoring was gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The presence of 14 pesticides was detected, among the 31 that were evaluated. Among the compounds identified, three are classified as extremely toxic, six are classified as highly toxic and five are classified as moderately toxic. The presence of three compounds was identified in the municipality of Pão de Açúcar and two of these were highly toxic. In Traipu, there were four compounds, among which one was extremely toxic and two were highly toxic. In São Brás, there were four compounds, among which three were the same as found in Traipu. Propriá and Penedo presented the highest diversity of pesticide contaminants, respectively nine and ten pollutants.
... e improvement of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in resolution and obtaining appropriate selectivity by improving mass resolution provides new opportunities for residue analysis. Initially, GC and Q-TOF instruments were coupled through the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface to achieve this goal [16][17][18], but recently, a special GC and electron ionization (EI) Orbitrap MS system was introduced. e system combines the peak capacity and chromatographic resolution of gas chromatography with the sub-ppm mass accuracy of the Orbitrap system to provide higher resolution (15,000, 30,000, 60,000, and 120,000 at half-maximum (FWHM) at m/z 200). ...
To analyze pesticide residues, GC coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap MS (GC-Orbitrap-MS) has become a powerful tool because of its unique characteristics of accurate mass full-spectrum acquisition, high resolution, fast acquisition rates, and overcoming matrix interference. This paper presents an efficiency evaluation of GC-Orbitrap-MS for identification and quantitation in the 352 pesticide residues analysis of chrysanthemum flowers in full-scan mode. A streamlined pretreatment approach using one-step extraction and dilution was used, which provided high-throughput processing and excellent recovery. The samples were extracted using acetonitrile. The extracted solution was purified by a Sin-QuEChERS Nano column to suppress the matrix in chrysanthemum flowers and determined by GC-Orbitrap-MS. The calibration curves for the 352 pesticides obtained by GC-Orbitrap-MS were linear in the range of 0.5–200 μg·kg−1, with the correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) for the 352 pesticide residues were 0.3–3.0 μg·kg−1 and 1.0–10.0 μg·kg−1, respectively. The average recoveries in chrysanthemum flower at three levels were 95.2%, 88.6%, and 95.7%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 7.1%, 7.5%, and 7.2%, respectively. Lastly, the validated method and retrospective analysis was applied to a total of 200 chrysanthemum flower samples bought in local pharmacies. The proposed method can simultaneously detect multipesticide residues with a good performance in qualitative and quantitative detection.
