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A comprehensive phylogenetic reassessment of the ascomycete genus Cosmospora (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) is undertaken using fresh isolates and historical strains, sequences of two protein encoding genes, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and a new phylogenetic marker, the larger subunit of ATP citrate lyase (acl1). The result...
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... betae (Desm.) Bonord., Handbuch der allgemeinen Mykologie p. 150. 1851. Fig. 4. Typification: France, on tuber of Beta vulgaris, spring 1826, Desmazières, lectotype designated here K(M) 167520, Plantes Cryptogames du Nord de la France, no. 305; epitype designated here: Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, on young plants of Triticum aestivum, Jan. 1983, C. Bauers, preserved culture BBA 64317. GenBank barcodes: ...Similar publications
Lesions and fungal structures on wild shrubs of Catalonia. Il. On leaves and twigs of Buxus sempervirens. Descriptions are given of different types of lesions and fungal populations observed on leaves and twigs of Buxus semp ervirens collected in 25 sites of Catalonia since Oct. 1994. The date, collecting sites, implicated taxa and frequency of eac...
Citations
... In fact, a universally accepted taxonomy for the genus is not yet possible [2]. All the fusarioid species of medical interest belong to the Nectriaceae family [2,28]. The main Fusarium species complexes (SC) with clinical relevance include the F. solani (FSSC; now Neocosmospora), F. oxysporum (FOSC), F. fujikuroi (FFSC), F. incarnatumequiseti (FIESC), F. sambucinum (FSAMSC), F. tricinctum (FTSC), F. chlamydosporum (FCSC) and F. dimerum (FDSC; now Bisifusarium) [1]. ...
Background
Fusarium and allied genera (fusarioid) species are common colonizers of roots and aerial plant parts, or act as phytopathogens in forestry and horticultural or grain crops. However, they can also cause a wide range of infections in humans, including onychomycosis, cutaneous and invasive infections. Fusarioid keratitis is characterized by an infection of the cornea with a suppurative and ulcerative appearance, which may cause damage to vision and permanent blindness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of fusarioid species, biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility profiling of clinical isolates recovered from patients with keratitis and dermatomycoses.
Methodology/Principal findings
The study was performed between March, 2012-December, 2022. Demographic, clinical and epidemiological data of patients were also collected. In the present study, most of the patients with keratitis were male (74%), had a median age of 42 years old, worked with plant material or debris and 26% of them reported eye trauma. Regarding dermatomycosis, most of patients were female and exhibited toenail lesions. Forty-seven isolates belonged to the genus Neocosmospora (78.33%), nine to the Fusarium fujikuroi (15%) and four to the Fusarium oxysporum (6.66%) species complexes. Several strains were moderate biofilm producers, specifically among Fusarium annulatum . Most strains showed increased MICs to amphotericin B and ketoconazole and low MICs to itraconazole. MICs ranged from 0.25 to 16 μg/mL for amphotericin B, 0.0625 to >16 μg/mL for ketoconazole and 0.125 to 8 for itraconazole.
Conclusions/Significance
It is possible to conclude that fusarioid keratitis in Northeastern Brazil is an important and neglected disease, given the high number of cases, increased need for keratoplasty and poor outcome of the disease.
... Recently, there have been reports of species in this group infecting animals such as sea turtles (Smyth et al. 2019;Gleason et al. 2020). Gräfenhan et al. (2011) coined the term TFC in a study that reevaluated the "Fusarium sensu Wollenweber" concept (based on the morphological character Lizcano Salas et al. IMA Fungus (2024) 15:13 of Fusarium-like conidia) by molecular phylogenetic analysis. ...
The Terminal Fusarium Clade (TFC) is a group in the Nectriaceae family with agricultural and clinical relevance. In recent years, various phylogenies have been presented in the literature, showing disagreement in the topologies, but only a few studies have conducted analyses on the divergence time scale of the group. Therefore, the evolutionary history of this group is still being determined. This study aimed to understand the evolutionary history of the TFC from a phylogenomic perspective. To achieve this objective, we performed a phylogenomic analysis using the available genomes in GenBank and ran eight different pipelines. We presented a new robust topology of the TFC that differs at some nodes from previous studies. These new relationships allowed us to formulate new hypotheses about the evolutionary history of the TFC. We also inferred new divergence time estimates, which differ from those of previous studies due to topology discordances and taxon sampling. The results suggested an important diversification process in the Neogene period, likely associated with the diversification and predominance of terrestrial ecosystems by angiosperms. In conclusion, we presented a robust timescale phylogeny that allowed us to formulate new hypotheses regarding the evolutionary history of the TFC.
... In Fusarium systematics, through NCBI comparison and morphological characteristics description, fungi in this study belongs to the Fusarium solani species complex (Xie et al., 2022). Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed for the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha region (tef1-α), and RNA polymerase II subunit B (rpb2) (Gräfenhan et al., 2011; Frontiers in Microbiology 03 frontiersin.org et al., 2021). ...
Bletilla striata is an endangered traditional medicinal herb in China. In May 2020, the emergence of white root rot severely impacted the quality and yield of B. striata, affecting about 5% of the plants at plant nurseries of the Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Through a series of experiments and evaluations, the pathogen was identified as Fusarium solani. This is the first report of B. striata white root rot caused by F. solani in Sichuan, China. To better understand this disease and provide data support for its control, a combination of morphological, molecular characterisation and pathogenicity determination was used in this study for assessment. Meanwhile, the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources, culture medium, temperature, photoperiod and pH on mycelial growth and spore production of F. solani were investigated. In addition, effective fungicides were screened and the concentration ratios of fungicides were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental results showed that sucrose was the optimum carbon source for the pathogen, and the optimum temperature and pH were 25°C and pH 7, respectively, while light did no significant effect. Effective fungicides were screened, among which difenoconazole showed the strongest inhibition with EC50 of 142.773 µg/mL. The optimum fungicide concentration scheme (difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, and thiophanate-methyl at 395.42, 781.03, and 561.11 µg/mL, respectively) was obtained using response surface methodology (RSM) to improve the inhibition rate of 92.24 ± 0.34%. This study provides basic data for the pathogen characterization of B. striata white root rot and its potential fungicides in Sichuan, China. In addition, the optimal fungicide concentration ratios were obtained through response surface methodology (RSM) optimization, which significantly enhanced the fungicidal effect and provided a scientific basis for the future control of B. striata white root rot.
... Karst.) Gams 1982) [52], which is usually found on fruiting bodies of fungi, but also from soil and rabbit dung [88]. Lecytophora (now transferred to Cioniochaeta) hoffmannii (basionym: Margarinomyces hoffmannii J.F.H. Beyma 1938; obligate synonyms: Phialophora hoffmannii (J.F.H. Beyma) Schol-Schwarz. ...
Soil and sediment host microorganisms are able to survive in extremely resource-limited environments. Therefore, more and more attention is being paid to cave sediments as a reservoir of microbiota. The aim of this study is the speleomycological evaluation of the culturable soil and sediment fungal communities in the Brestovská Cave. To explore the origins of fungi, speleomycological studies were conducted both inside and outside the cave under investigation. Additionally, two incubation temperatures (5 and 24 °C) were used to increase the species spectrum of isolated fungi. To achieve the most accurate species identification, we combined an assessment of morphological characteristics of the isolates with molecular sequencing (ITS, internal transcribed spacer). Twenty different species were found and the most frequent was Penicillium commune, fol-lowed by Trichosporiella cerebriformis and Pseudogymnoascus pannorum. To our knowledge, our study has enabled the first identification of fungal species such as Penicillium swiecicki, Cephalotrichum hinnuleum, Cosmpospora berkeleyana, Lecythophora hoffmannii, Ambomucor seriatoinflatus, and Mortierella minutissima in underground sites. Our data showed that the abundance and composition of the fungal community varied between the indoor and outdoor samples and thus from the entrance and less visited sites deeper in the cave.
... The Fusarium solani species complex is the most controversial group of fungi, both in terms of its intraspecific diversity and its degree of relatedness to the genus Fusarium s. str. [39,47,50,51]. These fungi are cosmopolitan and not confined to one species or family of host plants [38,52]. ...
Dry rot of potato tubers is a harmful disease caused by species of the Fusarium genus. Studies on the composition and features of Fusarium spp. that cause the disease in Russia are limited. Thirty-one Fusarium strains belonging to the F. sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) and F. solani species complex (FSSC) were accurately identified using multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the tef and rpb2 loci, and their physiological characteristics were studied in detail. As a result, 21 strains of F. sambucinum s. str. and 1 strain of F. venenatum within the FSAMSC were identified. Among the analyzed strains within the FSSC, one strain of F. mori, four strains of F. noneumartii, and two strains of both F. stercicola and F. vanettenii species were identified. This is the first record of F. mori on potato as a novel host plant, and the first detection of F. noneumartii and F. stercicola species in Russia. The clear optimal temperature for the growth of the strains belonging to FSAMSC was noted to be 25 °C, with a growth rate of 11.6–15.0 mm/day, whereas, for the strains belonging to FSSC, the optimal temperature range was between 25 and 30 °C, with a growth rate of 5.5–14.1 mm/day. The distinctive ability of F. sambucinum strains to grow at 5 °C has been demonstrated. All analyzed Fusarium strains were pathogenic to potato cv. Gala and caused extensive damage of the tuber tissue at an incubation temperature of 23 °C for one month. Among the fungi belonging to the FSAMSC, the F. sambucinum strains were more aggressive and caused 23.9 ± 2.2 mm of necrosis in the tubers on average compared to the F. venenatum strain—17.7 ± 1.2 mm. Among the fungi belonging to the FSSC, the F. noneumartii strains were the most aggressive and caused 32.2 ± 0.8 mm of necrosis on average. The aggressiveness of the F. mori, F. stercicola, and especially the F. vanettenii strains was significantly lower: the average sizes of damage were 17.5 ± 0.5 mm, 17.2 ± 0.2 mm, and 12.5 ± 1.7 mm, respectively. At an incubation temperature of 5 °C, only the F. sambucinum strains caused tuber necroses in the range of 6.7 ± 0.5–15.9 ± 0.8 mm.
... Fungal development was then observed over a six-week period. Taxonomic classification of resulting fungi was carried out at the family level based on culture and morphological characteristics for Botryosphaeriaceae (Phillips et al., 2013), Diaporthaceae (van Niekerk et al., 2005), Diatrypaceae (Trouillas et al., 2010), Nectriaceae (Chaverri et al., 2011;Grafenhan et al., 2011), Phaeomoniellaceae (Chen et al., 2022), Togniniaceae (Gramaje et al., 2015), or the Basidiomycota Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fischer et al., 2005). (Pouzoulet et al., 2013). ...
en (2024) Grapevine pruning strategy affects trunk disease symptoms, wood pathobiome and mycobiome. † These authors contributed equally. Summary. Vine training and pruning are cultural strategies that can be deployed to manage grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Forty-year-old commercial vineyards in the Cognac region, France, trained to either Guyot-Arcure (severe pruning) or Guyot-Poussard (minimal pruning), were studied to determine how the two systems affected trunk disease symptomatology. Effects of pruning practices on the pathobiome and mycobiome of asymptomatic grapevines were also assessed, using culture-and ampli-con-based Illumina sequencing approaches. The hypothesis examined was that severe pruning of Guyot-Arcure increases trunk diseases incidence and severity, and causes higher pathogen load and microbial diversity, compared to Guyot-Poussard. Numbers of symptomatic and asymptomatic vines for the two training systems were recorded over 3 years, including numbers of vines with esca foliar symptoms, and partially unproductive and dead vines. Six asymptomatic vines from each pruning method were selected, and culturing and sequencing data were obtained from 27 samples per vine. Fungi in the Phaeomoniellaceae, Togniniaceae, and Botryosphaeriaceae were the most frequently identified. The data indicated that severe pruning increased risk of pathogen infections, with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium minimum and Diplodia sp. being the most commonly identified fungi. Greater numbers of dead or dying vines were recorded in the severely pruned vineyard, indicating that this strategy shortens vine longevity. Results also showed that severe pruning increased endophytic microbial diversity, and that the pruning methods influenced mycobiome community composition. This knowledge will improve recommendations to growers for practical and cost-effective ways to manage GTDs.
... ossicolum (does not exist in Internet sources); or rejected (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon nomen rejiciendum) [33]. Another species, Fusarium merismoides Corda, is currently transferred from the genus Fusarium to genus Fusicolla under the name of Fusicolla merismoides (Corda) Gräfenhan, Seifert & Schroers [34]. ...
In Uzbekistan, plant diseases caused by Fusarium species are common. Some of them are the dominant pathogens of certain crops, causing economically important diseases such as wilts of cotton, melon, tomato and chickpea, root/crown rot of wheat, damping-off, root, crown or foot rot of pepper plants, vegetables and other crops. Reportedly, 26 Fusarium species cause root rot on wheat in Uzbekistan. An annotated list of 22 valid taxa is presented. As well, 26 Fusarium species or forms are reported on cotton. Of many Fusaria found on other crops, only a few credible reports have been analyzed. The composition of Fusarium species infecting crops still needs to be studied since their identification was based on morphology. Molecular identification started to be used recently, and so far, the results of some previous morphological identifications were confirmed, races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and several Fusarium species causing root rot of wheat, bell pepper and hot pepper, chickpea, cowpea and soybean were identified. Undoubtedly, studies of Fusarium species, based on classical morphological methods and DNA analysis of informative genes, will be used more widely in the coming years, ensuring a reliable identification of species of this complex genus in Uzbekistan.
... The depicted phylogeny also aligns with more recent studies, supporting the concept of the 'broad' Fusarium clade, which encompasses 17 species complexes and 11 allied genera (32). The tree topology also gives support to the 'narrow' concept of the genus Fusarium sensu stricto, which includes only the 17 species complexes, often referred to as the F3 hypothesis (32)(33)(34)(35). The branch lengths observed in the phylogenomic tree further indicate a wider evolutionary divergence between the 'allied' genera and the species at the F3 node. ...
Fusarium is an Ascomycota with several relevant pathogenic species of plants and animals. Some phytopathogenic species have received special attention due to their negative economic impact on the agricultural industry around the world. Traditionally, identification and taxonomic analysis of Fusarium have relied on morphological and phenotypic features, including the hosts of the fungus, leading to taxonomic conflicts that have been solved using molecular systematic technologies. In this work, we applied a phylogenomic approach that allowed us to resolve the evolutionary history of the species complexes of the genus and present evidence that supports the F. ventricosum species complex as the most basal lineage of the genus. Additionally, we present evidence that proposes modifications to the previous hypothesis of the evolutionary history of the F. staphyleae , F. newnesense , F. nisikadoi , F. oxysporum , and F. fujikuroi species complexes. Evolutionary analysis showed that the genome GC content have a tendency to be lower in more modern lineages, below 49.3%, while genome size gain and losses are present during the evolution of the genus. Interestingly core genome duplication events have a positive correlation with the genome size. Evolutionary and genome conservation analysis supports the F3 hypothesis of Fusarium as a more compact and conserved group in terms of genome conservation. By contrast the most basal clades, outside the F3 hypothesis only share 8.8% of its genomic sequences with the F3 clade.
... Ascospores uniseriate, ellipsoid to fusiform, 1-septate, slightly constricted at septum, hyaline to paleyellow brown, ornamented with short sinuous ribs (Lechat and Fournier 2015). Asexual morphs: See Gräfenhan et al. (2011). ...
... However, Atractium has synnematous conidiophores which is different from Fusarium. Hence, Gräfenhan et al. (2011) proposed them as two distinct genera. In addition, the epitype of A. stilbaste (the type of Atractium) was designated by Gräfenhan et al. (2011), and they accepted three species (A. ...
... Hence, Gräfenhan et al. (2011) proposed them as two distinct genera. In addition, the epitype of A. stilbaste (the type of Atractium) was designated by Gräfenhan et al. (2011), and they accepted three species (A. crissum, A. holubovae and A. stilbaster) in Atractium. ...
Hypocreomycetidae is a highly diverse group with species from various habitats. This subclass has been reported as pathogenic, endophytic, parasitic, saprobic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, algicolous, coprophilous and insect fungi from aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In this study, we focused on freshwater fungi of Hypocreomycetidae which resulted 41 fresh collections from China and Thailand. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 26 species that belong to two orders (Hypocreales and Microascales) and six families (Bionectriaceae, Halosphaeriaceae, Microascaceae, Nectriaceae, Sarocladiaceae and Stachybotryaceae). Ten new species are introduced and 13 new habitats and geographic records are reported. Mariannaea superimposita, Stachybotrys chartarum and S. chlorohalonatus are recollected from freshwater habitats in China. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequences data, Emericellopsis is transferred to Hypocreales genera incertae sedis; Pseudoacremonium is transferred to Bionectriaceae; Sedecimiella is placed in Nectriaceae; Nautosphaeria and Tubakiella are excluded from Halosphaeriaceae and placed in Microascales genera incertae sedis; and Faurelina is excluded from Hypocreomycetidae. Varicosporella is placed under Atractium as a synonym of Atractium. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimates showed that Ascocodina, Campylospora, Cornuvesica and Xenodactylariaceae form distinct lineages in Hypocreomycetidae and they evolved in the family/order time frame. Hence, a new order (Xenodactylariales) and three new families (Ascocodinaceae, Campylosporaceae and Cornuvesicaceae) are introduced based on phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimations and morphological characters. Ancestral character state analysis is performed for different habitats of Hypocreomycetidae including freshwater, marine and terrestrial taxa. The result indicates that marine and freshwater fungi evolved independently from terrestrial ancestors. The results further support those early diverging clades of this subclass, mostly comprising terrestrial taxa and freshwater and marine taxa have been secondarily derived, while the crown clade (Nectriaceae) is represented in all three habitats. The evolution of various morphological adaptations towards their habitual changes are also discussed.
... Although in these studies it could not be determined if this fungus was the cause of the decrease in PCN, this species has been shown in previous studies to have potential as a BCA, reducing PCN populations by up to 60% in field trials after from their incorporation into alginate granules (Jacobs, 2000). Furthermore, some species of the genus Plectosphaerella demonstrated fungicidal or pesticidal properties (Batista and Silva 1959;Domsch et al., 2007;Duc et al., 2009;Gräfenhan et al., 2011). The general effect of P. plurivora SRA14 seems to imply the interruption of embryonic development and the death of juveniles (Sosa et al., 2018), which results in the reduction of the nematode population, besides ensuring an initial fungal inoculum for the next crop. ...
The plant-parasitic nematode, Nacobbus sp., is responsible for significant economic losses in horticultural production centers in Argentina and other countries in America, alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors. Although the genus’ distribution is restricted to the American continent, it has quarantine importance and is subject to international legislation to prevent its spread to other regions. The management of phytoparasitic nematodes using biological control strategies is a promising eco-compatible alternative, allowing for sustainability of the crop horticultural system. Firstly, this study ecophysiologically characterized Plectosphaerella plurivora SRA14, a strain with nematophagous activity on N. aberrans s.l. This fungal strain developed in vitro under a wide temperature range (20–30 °C), but the highest levels of water stress (Ψ: -7 and -10 Mpa; aW: 0.95 and 0.93) inhibited its growth. While the production of extracellular enzymes by this strain was low, P. plurivora SRA14 was able to develop in the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere of the tomato and basil crops without affecting the plant vigor parameters or producing phytotoxicity signs. Secondly, this study evidenced the biocontrol activity of P. plurivora SRA14 on N. aberrans s.l. populations in tomato, implanted into both sterile (artificially inoculated) and naturally infested soils via greenhouse pot experiments. The results of this work revealed for the first time the potential of P. plurivora SRA14 as a biological control agent of the phytoparasitic nematode N. aberrans s.l. in horticultural crops.
