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Fusicladium ahmadii. A-conidia, B-loose fascicle of conidiogenous cells with one to several conspicuous annellations, scale = 10 µm, A. Ritschel del.
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SCHUBERT, K., RITSCHEL, A. & BRAUN, U.: A monograph of Fusicladium s.lat. (Hyphomycetes). Schlechtendalia 9: 1–132. The genus Fusicladium s.lat. is monographed. Pollaccia and Spilocaea are reduced to synonymy with Fusicladium. The latter genus has been proposed to be conserved. The history, phylogeny, taxonomy, circumscription and delimitation of t...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Mycol. Soc. 44: 339 (1961). Lit. : BENSANDE & KEITT (1928: 313-329), HUGHES (1953: 568-569), ELLIS (1971: 315-317), ONDÌEJ (1971: 167-168), CMI Descr. (No. 402), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 235), SIVANESAN (1977: 45-47;1984a: 609), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 362). Ill.: HUGHES (1953: 569, Fig. 9), SCHWEIZER (1958: 80, Fig. 20), ELLIS (1971: 316, Fig. 218), ONDÌEJ (1971: 167, Fig. 1), CMI Descr. (No. 402, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 46, Fig. 18; 1984a: 609, Fig. 366), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 361, Fig. 1 On leaves, fruits and twigs, patches on the fruits superficial, on the exposed sur- face, circular to oval, small, brown, often confluent, forming large, brown areas, leaf spots ...
Context 2
... Lit. : BENSANDE & KEITT (1928: 313-329), HUGHES (1953: 568-569), ELLIS (1971: 315-317), ONDÌEJ (1971: 167-168), CMI Descr. (No. 402), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 235), SIVANESAN (1977: 45-47;1984a: 609), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 362). Ill.: HUGHES (1953: 569, Fig. 9), SCHWEIZER (1958: 80, Fig. 20), ELLIS (1971: 316, Fig. 218), ONDÌEJ (1971: 167, Fig. 1), CMI Descr. (No. 402, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 46, Fig. 18; 1984a: 609, Fig. 366), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 361, Fig. 1 On leaves, fruits and twigs, patches on the fruits superficial, on the exposed sur- face, circular to oval, small, brown, often confluent, forming large, brown areas, leaf spots hypophyllous, brown. ...
Context 3
... ELLIS (1971: 315-317), ONDÌEJ (1971: 167-168), CMI Descr. (No. 402), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 235), SIVANESAN (1977: 45-47;1984a: 609), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 362). Ill.: HUGHES (1953: 569, Fig. 9), SCHWEIZER (1958: 80, Fig. 20), ELLIS (1971: 316, Fig. 218), ONDÌEJ (1971: 167, Fig. 1), CMI Descr. (No. 402, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 46, Fig. 18; 1984a: 609, Fig. 366), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 361, Fig. 1 On leaves, fruits and twigs, patches on the fruits superficial, on the exposed sur- face, circular to oval, small, brown, often confluent, forming large, brown areas, leaf spots hypophyllous, brown. Colonies effuse or punctiform, dark olivaceous, velvety. Mycelium ...
Context 4
... SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 235), SIVANESAN (1977: 45-47;1984a: 609), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 362). Ill.: HUGHES (1953: 569, Fig. 9), SCHWEIZER (1958: 80, Fig. 20), ELLIS (1971: 316, Fig. 218), ONDÌEJ (1971: 167, Fig. 1), CMI Descr. (No. 402, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 46, Fig. 18; 1984a: 609, Fig. 366), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 361, Fig. 1 On leaves, fruits and twigs, patches on the fruits superficial, on the exposed sur- face, circular to oval, small, brown, often confluent, forming large, brown areas, leaf spots hypophyllous, brown. Colonies effuse or punctiform, dark olivaceous, velvety. Mycelium subcuticular or subepidermal. Hyphae branched, 3-6 µm wide, septate, ...
Context 5
... This species is tentatively maintained in Fusicladium since it is morphologically indistin- guishable from other species of this genus. The biology of F. consors is unclear. Lesions are not formed, so that a saprobic habit may be supposed. 10.2.13. Fusicladium convolvularum OndÍej, "eská Mykol. 25(3): 171 (1971) Fig. 14 Holotype: on Convolvulus arvensis, Czech Republic, Libina, okraj pole pod nadrazim (okr. Sumperk), 7 Sept. 1970, OndÍej (BRA). Teleomorph: ...
Context 6
... arising from stromata or from hyphae, erect, straight, sometimes flexuous at the apex, unbranched or apically branched, 22-130(-170) × 4-6 µm, septate, pale to dark brown, smooth, with somewhat thickened walls. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or interca- lary, or conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, 10-40 µm long, with a single Fig. 16: Fusicladium diedickeanum. A -conidia, B - conidiophores, scale = 20 µm, U. Braun del. or several denticle-like conidiogenous loci, proliferation sympodial, loci unthickened, not or only somewhat darkened-refractive, 1.5-3 µm wide. Conidia in simple or branched chains, pyriform, subcylindrical, ellipsoid, fusiform, (8.5-)10-24 × 5-10 ...
Context 7
... -Euphorbia corollata (North America, USA, WI), E. glyptosperma (North America, USA, WI), E. nutans (North America, USA, NJ), E. serpyllifolia (North America, USA, WI), Euphoria spp. (North America, USA, KS, MD, NJ; South America, Brazil). Fig. ...
Context 8
... on Euphorbia brittingeri (= Euphorbia verrucosa), France, May 1895, F. Fautrey, Roum., F. sel. exs. 6829 (G). Teleomorph: Unknown. Ill.: DEIGHTON (1967: 26, Fig. ...
Context 9
... stromatic cells and somewhat shorter and wider conidia, consistently formed singly. Additional collections and molecular data are necessary to prove the true status of F. fautreyi and its affinity to F. euphorbiae. & KARAKULIN (1937: 193), SIVANESAN (1984a: 614), SAGDULLAEVA (1990: 54). Ill.: ADERHOLD (1897: Tab. 4, Fig. 6), SIVANESAN (1977: 67, Fig. 33; 1984a: 615, Fig. ...
Context 11
... Fusicladium macrosporum Kuyper, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 8: 374 (1911), non Fusicladium macrosporium Bonord., 1864; neotype: on Hevea brasiliensis, British Guiana, Araka R., Issorora, Feb. 1926, Alison (IMI 18583), selected here. = ?Passalora heveae Massee (nom. nud.) sensu Stahel, Bull. Dept. Landb. Suriname 34: 34 (1917 Fig. 93), STAHEL (1917: Pl. 12, 1-2, Pl. 14, 1-10, Pl. 18, 1, Pl. 25, 1-3), CMI Descr. (No. 225, Fig. A), ELLIS (1976: 240, Fig. 180), SIVANESAN (1984a: 183, Fig. ...
Context 12
... Bonord., 1864; neotype: on Hevea brasiliensis, British Guiana, Araka R., Issorora, Feb. 1926, Alison (IMI 18583), selected here. = ?Passalora heveae Massee (nom. nud.) sensu Stahel, Bull. Dept. Landb. Suriname 34: 34 (1917 Fig. 93), STAHEL (1917: Pl. 12, 1-2, Pl. 14, 1-10, Pl. 18, 1, Pl. 25, 1-3), CMI Descr. (No. 225, Fig. A), ELLIS (1976: 240, Fig. 180), SIVANESAN (1984a: 183, Fig. ...
Context 13
... 427214. ≡ Fusicladosporium humile (Davis) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, Mycotaxon 85: 366 (2003). Teleomorph: Venturia acerina Plakidas ex M.E. Barr, Canad. J. Bot. 46: 814 (1968). Lit.: PLAKIDAS (1942: 35), ELLIS (1976: 340), SIVANESAN (1977: 26-27) Fig. 2), ELLIS (1976: 340, Fig. 258), SIVANESAN (1977: 26, Fig. 2; 1984a: 607, Fig. 364), IMI Descr. (No. 1520, Figs A-C), PARTRIDGE & MORGAN-JONES (2003: 365, Fig. ...
Context 14
... somewhat darkened. Conidia catenate, in sim- ple, occasionally in branched chains, subcylindrical, ellipsoid to fusiform, straight, 13-40 × 3-7 µm, 0-2-septate, sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, pale olivaceous, smooth, ends obtuse or obconically truncate, hila 1.5-3 µm wide, unthickened or almost so, occasionally somewhat darkened. Fig. 4; 17, Fig. ...
Context 15
... SACCARDO (1895: 618;: 1375, ELLIS (1976: 110). Ill.: DEIGHTON & PIROZYNSKI (1965: 42, Figs 17 A-D), ELLIS (1976: 110, Fig. 77 A). Exs.: Solh., Mycofl. ...
Context 16
... supposed that pycnidia, often found in association with sporodochia of F. peucedani, may belong into the life cycle of this species. Records on Peucedanum decursivum from Japan [e.g., SHIRAI & HARA (1927) (1976: 111, Fig. 78). ...
Context 17
... FERRARIS (1912: 315-317, 318-319), GONZÁLES FRAGOSO (1927: 184-186), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 194-195, 196-199), BARR (1968: 808-809), ELLIS (1971: 143;1976: 111-113), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 361-363), RAABE & GARDENER (1972: 914-916), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35), OSIPYAN (1975: 433-439, 441), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 118-120, 140), CMI Descr. (No. 401), SIVANESAN (1977: 71-76;1984a: 615-616), BRANDENBURGER (1985, MELNIK & POPUSCHOI (1992: 176), ELLIS & ELLIS (1997: 164). Ill.: ADERHOLD (1886: Pl. XXIX, Figs 1, 2, Pl. XXX, Figs 1, 2 a, b, c, 5, 6, 10, 11; 1897: Pl. IV, Fig. 4), LINDAU (1907: 780, Fig.), MCCLAIN (1925: 181, Fig. 1; 182, Fig. 2 A, B), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: ...
Context 18
... ADERHOLD (1886: Pl. XXIX, Figs 1, 2, Pl. XXX, Figs 1, 2 a, b, c, 5, 6, 10, 11; 1897: Pl. ...
Context 19
... Figs 1, 2, Pl. XXX, Figs 1, 2 a, b, c, 5, 6, 10, 11; 1897: Pl. IV, Fig. 4), LINDAU (1907: 780, Fig.), MCCLAIN (1925: 181, Fig. 1; 182, Fig. 2 A, B), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 194, Fig. 12), Arx (1952: 263, Fig. 2), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 18), ELLIS (1971: 142, Fig. 95 A), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 362, Fig. 260), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35, Figs 2, 4, 6, 7), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 119, Fig. 59), CMI Descr. ...
Context 20
... 441), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 118-120, 140), CMI Descr. (No. 401), SIVANESAN (1977: 71-76;1984a: 615-616), BRANDENBURGER (1985, MELNIK & POPUSCHOI (1992: 176), ELLIS & ELLIS (1997: 164). Ill.: ADERHOLD (1886: Pl. XXIX, Figs 1, 2, Pl. XXX, Figs 1, 2 a, b, c, 5, 6, 10, 11; 1897: Pl. IV, Fig. 4), LINDAU (1907: 780, Fig.), MCCLAIN (1925: 181, Fig. 1; 182, Fig. 2 A, B), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 194, Fig. 12), Arx (1952: 263, Fig. 2), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 18), ELLIS (1971: 142, Fig. 95 A), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 362, Fig. 260), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35, Figs 2, 4, 6, 7), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 119, Fig. 59), CMI Descr. (No. 401, Figs D, E), ELLIS (1976: 112, Figs 79, 80), SIVANESAN (1977: 74, ...
Context 21
... (No. 401), SIVANESAN (1977: 71-76;1984a: 615-616), BRANDENBURGER (1985, MELNIK & POPUSCHOI (1992: 176), ELLIS & ELLIS (1997: 164). Ill.: ADERHOLD (1886: Pl. XXIX, Figs 1, 2, Pl. XXX, Figs 1, 2 a, b, c, 5, 6, 10, 11; 1897: Pl. IV, Fig. 4), LINDAU (1907: 780, Fig.), MCCLAIN (1925: 181, Fig. 1; 182, Fig. 2 A, B), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 194, Fig. 12), Arx (1952: 263, Fig. 2), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 18), ELLIS (1971: 142, Fig. 95 A), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 362, Fig. 260), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35, Figs 2, 4, 6, 7), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 119, Fig. 59), CMI Descr. (No. 401, Figs D, E), ELLIS (1976: 112, Figs 79, 80), SIVANESAN (1977: 74, Fig. 38 A, B; 1984a: 617, Fig. 372 B), ...
Context 22
... (1985, MELNIK & POPUSCHOI (1992: 176), ELLIS & ELLIS (1997: 164). Ill.: ADERHOLD (1886: Pl. XXIX, Figs 1, 2, Pl. XXX, Figs 1, 2 a, b, c, 5, 6, 10, 11; 1897: Pl. IV, Fig. 4), LINDAU (1907: 780, Fig.), MCCLAIN (1925: 181, Fig. 1; 182, Fig. 2 A, B), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 194, Fig. 12), Arx (1952: 263, Fig. 2), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 18), ELLIS (1971: 142, Fig. 95 A), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 362, Fig. 260), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35, Figs 2, 4, 6, 7), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 119, Fig. 59), CMI Descr. (No. 401, Figs D, E), ELLIS (1976: 112, Figs 79, 80), SIVANESAN (1977: 74, Fig. 38 A, B; 1984a: 617, Fig. 372 B), BRANDENBURGER (1985: 1109, Fig. 287), MELNIK & POPUSCHOI ...
Context 23
... Pl. IV, Fig. 4), LINDAU (1907: 780, Fig.), MCCLAIN (1925: 181, Fig. 1; 182, Fig. 2 A, B), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 194, Fig. 12), Arx (1952: 263, Fig. 2), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 18), ELLIS (1971: 142, Fig. 95 A), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 362, Fig. 260), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35, Figs 2, 4, 6, 7), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 119, Fig. 59), CMI Descr. (No. 401, Figs D, E), ELLIS (1976: 112, Figs 79, 80), SIVANESAN (1977: 74, Fig. 38 A, B; 1984a: 617, Fig. 372 B), BRANDENBURGER (1985: 1109, Fig. 287), MELNIK & POPUSCHOI (1992: 177, Fig. 130 a, b), ELLIS & ELLIS (1997: Pl. 85 , Fig. 882). Exs.: Allesch. & Schn., F. bavar. 594; Barthol., F. Columb. 3326; Briosi & Cav., F. paras. 140, 186; Calif. F. 636; ...
Context 24
... Fig. 2 A, B), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 194, Fig. 12), Arx (1952: 263, Fig. 2), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 18), ELLIS (1971: 142, Fig. 95 A), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 362, Fig. 260), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35, Figs 2, 4, 6, 7), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 119, Fig. 59), CMI Descr. (No. 401, Figs D, E), ELLIS (1976: 112, Figs 79, 80), SIVANESAN (1977: 74, Fig. 38 A, B; 1984a: 617, Fig. 372 B), BRANDENBURGER (1985: 1109, Fig. 287), MELNIK & POPUSCHOI (1992: 177, Fig. 130 a, b), ELLIS & ELLIS (1997: Pl. 85 , Fig. 882). Exs.: Allesch. & Schn., F. bavar. 594; Barthol., F. Columb. 3326; Briosi & Cav., F. paras. 140, 186; Calif. F. 636; Cooke, F. brit. exs. 645; Ellis, N. Am. F. 2792; Fuckel, F. rhen. 115, 456; F. latv. exs. 600; ...
Context 25
... 18), ELLIS (1971: 142, Fig. 95 A), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 362, Fig. 260), Fungi Canadenses (No. 35, Figs 2, 4, 6, 7), SHVARTSMAN et al. (1975: 119, Fig. 59), CMI Descr. (No. 401, Figs D, E), ELLIS (1976: 112, Figs 79, 80), SIVANESAN (1977: 74, Fig. 38 A, B; 1984a: 617, Fig. 372 B), BRANDENBURGER (1985: 1109, Fig. 287), MELNIK & POPUSCHOI (1992: 177, Fig. 130 a, b), ELLIS & ELLIS (1997: Pl. 85 , Fig. 882). Exs.: Allesch. & Schn., F. bavar. 594; Barthol., F. Columb. 3326; Briosi & Cav., F. paras. 140, 186; Calif. F. 636; Cooke, F. brit. exs. 645; Ellis, N. Am. F. 2792; Fuckel, F. rhen. 115, 456; F. latv. exs. 600; Jaap, F. sel. exs. 513; Kab. & Bub., F. imp. exs. 45, 46;Krieger, F. sax. 198, ...
Context 26
... have been checked and proved to be based on misidentifications of the hosts. (1972: 2532, Fig. 6). Exs.: Ellis & Everh., F. Columb. ...
Context 27
... (1912: 313), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 195196), HUGHES (1953: 566-567;1958: 768), BARR (1968: 811-812), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234) SIVANESAN (1977: 94-99;1984a: 620-621). BONORDEN (1851: 80, Fig. 94 Figs 1-3), FERRARIS (1910: 313, Fig. 99), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 196 , Fig. 13), HUGHES (1953: 565, Fig. 5; 567, Fig. 6), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 21), ELLIS (1971: 272, Fig. 186), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234, Fig. 203), Fungi Canadenses (No. 36), CMI Descr. (No. 404: 1, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 98, Fig. 53; 1984a: 621, Fig. 375), ARX (1987: 59, Fig. 28), SAGDULLAEVA et al. (1990: 52 , Fig. 6). ...
Context 28
... (1912: 313), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 195196), HUGHES (1953: 566-567;1958: 768), BARR (1968: 811-812), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234) SIVANESAN (1977: 94-99;1984a: 620-621). BONORDEN (1851: 80, Fig. 94 Figs 1-3), FERRARIS (1910: 313, Fig. 99), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 196 , Fig. 13), HUGHES (1953: 565, Fig. 5; 567, Fig. 6), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 21), ELLIS (1971: 272, Fig. 186), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234, Fig. 203), Fungi Canadenses (No. 36), CMI Descr. (No. 404: 1, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 98, Fig. 53; 1984a: 621, Fig. 375), ARX (1987: 59, Fig. 28), SAGDULLAEVA et al. (1990: 52 , Fig. 6). ...
Context 29
... (1912: 313), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 195196), HUGHES (1953: 566-567;1958: 768), BARR (1968: 811-812), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234) SIVANESAN (1977: 94-99;1984a: 620-621). BONORDEN (1851: 80, Fig. 94 Figs 1-3), FERRARIS (1910: 313, Fig. 99), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 196 , Fig. 13), HUGHES (1953: 565, Fig. 5; 567, Fig. 6), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 21), ELLIS (1971: 272, Fig. 186), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234, Fig. 203), Fungi Canadenses (No. 36), CMI Descr. (No. 404: 1, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 98, Fig. 53; 1984a: 621, Fig. 375), ARX (1987: 59, Fig. 28), SAGDULLAEVA et al. (1990: 52 , Fig. 6). ...
Context 30
... 313), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 195196), HUGHES (1953: 566-567;1958: 768), BARR (1968: 811-812), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234) SIVANESAN (1977: 94-99;1984a: 620-621). BONORDEN (1851: 80, Fig. 94 Figs 1-3), FERRARIS (1910: 313, Fig. 99), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 196 , Fig. 13), HUGHES (1953: 565, Fig. 5; 567, Fig. 6), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 21), ELLIS (1971: 272, Fig. 186), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234, Fig. 203), Fungi Canadenses (No. 36), CMI Descr. (No. 404: 1, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 98, Fig. 53; 1984a: 621, Fig. 375), ARX (1987: 59, Fig. 28), SAGDULLAEVA et al. (1990: 52 , Fig. 6). Exs.: Barthol., F. Columb. 4700, 5001; Briosi & Cav., F. paras. 43; Crypt. exs. 4104; ...
Context 31
... (1937: 195196), HUGHES (1953: 566-567;1958: 768), BARR (1968: 811-812), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234) SIVANESAN (1977: 94-99;1984a: 620-621). BONORDEN (1851: 80, Fig. 94 Figs 1-3), FERRARIS (1910: 313, Fig. 99), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 196 , Fig. 13), HUGHES (1953: 565, Fig. 5; 567, Fig. 6), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 21), ELLIS (1971: 272, Fig. 186), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234, Fig. 203), Fungi Canadenses (No. 36), CMI Descr. (No. 404: 1, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 98, Fig. 53; 1984a: 621, Fig. 375), ARX (1987: 59, Fig. 28), SAGDULLAEVA et al. (1990: 52 , Fig. 6). Exs.: Barthol., F. Columb. 4700, 5001; Briosi & Cav., F. paras. 43; Crypt. exs. 4104; Ellis, N. Am. F. 372; Ellis & ...
Context 32
... 620-621). BONORDEN (1851: 80, Fig. 94 Figs 1-3), FERRARIS (1910: 313, Fig. 99), VASSILJEVSKY & KARAKULIN (1937: 196 , Fig. 13), HUGHES (1953: 565, Fig. 5; 567, Fig. 6), BARR (1968: 805, Fig. 21), ELLIS (1971: 272, Fig. 186), SUBRAMANIAN (1971: 234, Fig. 203), Fungi Canadenses (No. 36), CMI Descr. (No. 404: 1, Figs D, E), SIVANESAN (1977: 98, Fig. 53; 1984a: 621, Fig. 375), ARX (1987: 59, Fig. 28), SAGDULLAEVA et al. (1990: 52 , Fig. 6). Exs.: Barthol., F. Columb. 4700, 5001; Briosi & Cav., F. paras. 43; Crypt. exs. 4104; Ellis, N. Am. F. 372; Ellis & Everh., N. Am. F. 2791; Erb. Critt. Ital. 696; Fl. Gall. Germ. exs. 597; Fl. Olten. exs. 568; Fuckel, F. rhen. 1517; F. est. 28825; Herb. Mycol. Rom. ...
Context 33
... 1984a: 621, Fig. 375), ARX (1987: 59, Fig. 28), SAGDULLAEVA et al. (1990: 52 , Fig. 6). Exs.: Barthol., F. Columb. 4700, 5001; Briosi & Cav., F. paras. 43; Crypt. exs. 4104; Ellis, N. Am. F. 372; Ellis & Everh., N. Am. F. 2791; Erb. Critt. Ital. 696; Fl. Gall. Germ. exs. 597; Fl. Olten. exs. 568; Fuckel, F. rhen. 1517; F. est. 28825; Herb. Mycol. Rom. 1196, 1457; Jaap, F. sel. exs. 683; Krieger, F. sax. 344, 2447;Krypt. exs. 1496, 4104; Lin., F. hung. 293; Migula, Crypt. Germ. Austr. Helv. exs. 382; Petr., F. alban. bosn. exs. 13; Rabenh., F. eur. 1168; Rabenh., Herb. mycol. 588; Reliqu. Petrak. 2159; Roum., F. gall. exs. 1868; Sacc., Mycoth. ital. 992; Sacc., Mycoth. Ven. 585; Schmarotzerp. ...
Context 34
... with caution. They often refer to P. radiosa s.lat., making it impossible to assign them to any one of the varieties of F. radiosum. Also, the identifications of the hosts are often uncertain and doubtful. 17: 191 (1986)]. Lit.: SACCARDO (1892: 604;1895: 621;: 1083, ONDÌEJ (1972: 144), MORELET (1978: 12;1985: 113-115). Ill.: ONDÌEJ (1972: 143, Fig. 3; 144, Fig. 5), MORELET (1985: 114, Fig. ...
Context 35
... USA, Kansas, 18 Sept. 1894, Bartholomew (NY), selected here; isolectotypes: on leaves of Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera, USA, Kan- sas, Rockport, Sept. 1894, E. Bartholomew, Ellis & Everh., N. Am. F. 3288 (M, NY). ≡ Cladosporium brevipes Ellis & Barthol., Erythea 4: 27 (1896), homonym, non Peck, 1887. Teleomorph: Unknown. Ill.: IMI Descr. (No. 1519, Figs A-C). Exs.: Ellis & Everh., N. Am. F. 3288. Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular to irregular, 2-10 mm wide, sometimes conflu- ent, greyish brown, margin darker brown, narrow. Colonies amphigenous, puncti- form, dark brown to blackish, scattered. Mycelium internal, hyphae sparingly branched, 1.5-2 µm wide, septate, olivaceous. Stromata ...
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Citations
... Fruit tree scab is a devastating disease of cultivated orchards, affecting apples, pears, cherries and peaches. Scab causes substantial economic losses worldwide in terms of fruit quality and yield in many fruit orchards (Schubert et al. 2003). Marketing standards set by the European Commission do not allow the presence of necrotic spots due to scab disease (http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2021/ ...
Several species of Venturia spp. cause scab disease on fruit trees: V. inaequalis on apple, V. pirina on pear, and V. nashicola on Asian pear that is listed as a quarantine pathogen in several countries in the world. An emerging disease caused by V. asperata on apple has very recently been reported in France, Italy and China. Fruit tree scab causes high economic losses and requires frequent fungicide treatments in orchards. Early detection of these pathogens is important in the management of this disease and—in the case of V. nashicola—to prevent its introduction and spread in disease-free areas. Using genomic resources available on these species, we identified polymorphic regions between them to develop a set of real-time PCR assays enabling detection of the four species on symptomatic fruits and leaves. We focused in particular on V. nashicola to establish a comprehensive validation procedure. The assay proved to be effective for targeting this quarantine species, thereby ensuring the reliability of analysis results in the context of regulatory monitoring.
... Temperate regions with humid climates are highly favorable to this disease. In cases of severe infection, production losses of up to 70% have been reported [4,5]. Most of the commercial apple cultivars are susceptible to this disease, and growers must spray fungicides several times within a season [6][7][8][9]. ...
Scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is the most destructive fungal disease of apple worldwide. Apple scab incidence was studied in apple orchards in the south and southeast of Kazakhstan, including the Almaty, Zhambyl, and Turkestan regions, during 2022 and 2023. Disease incidence was higher in the Zhambyl region than in the Turkestan and Almaty regions in both years. The field evaluation suggested that 19 genotypes showed resistance to apple scab. Molecular screening was carried out using eight gene-specific molecular markers (AM19, CH05e03, OPL19, Hi07f02, AL07, K08, HB09, and CH02f06). The results of the molecular screening revealed that in 38 of the 45 studied cultivars, which included 11 Kazakh cultivars and 34 foreign cultivars, the Rvi (Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi5, Rvi6, Rvi8, Rvi9, Rvi11, Rvi14, and Rvi15) resistance genes were amplified. Resistance genes such as Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, and Rvi9 are still useful for breeding, but their use is recommended only in extended pyramids of multiple resistance genes. Several cultivars will be strong candidates for further breeding programs against apple scab and for the pyramiding of scab resistance genes in new cultivars.
... Many soil-dwelling Sympoventuriaceae species have been recorded in Ochroconis, Scolecobasidium, and Verruconis (Samerpitak et al. 2016, Qiao et al. 2019. Based on previous studies, asexual morphs are more reliable than sexual morphs for species delimitation in Venturiales with specific conidial, conidial apparatus, and conidiogenesis characteristics (Sivanesan 1978, Schubert et al. 2003, Crous et al. 2007. Ochroconis and Verruconis exhibit rhexolytic conidial liberation, a rare fungal characteristic that can be used for species delimitation in Sympoventuriaceae (Samerpitak et al. 2015(Samerpitak et al. , 2016. ...
Fungi are adapted to diverse environments, where the forest soils have complex fungal communities with a wide range of lifestyles. This study aims to explore and isolate Dothideomycetes from the forest soils in Thailand. Sampling sites were located in Chiang Rai and Krabi provinces. Cultures were obtained through soil dilution series, and the strains were subjected to morphological observations and multigene phylogenetic analyses for identification. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted to clarify their phylogenetic affinities using partial nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS, LSU, and SSU) and the protein-coding genes (tef1-α and GADPH). Herein, two new species (Curvularia chiangraiensis sp. nov. and Verruconis soli sp. nov.) and two new records (C. chiangmaiensis and V. thailandica) are described based on the morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Curvularia chiangraiensis sp. nov. is distinguished by its relatively smaller conidia and the presence of sympodial proliferation of conidiogenesis and Verruconis soli sp. nov. exhibits micronematous conidiophores and obovoid conidia that transform into sub-cylindrical or ellipsoidal shapes, and becoming 1-septate when mature. These unique characteristics set them apart from closely related taxa. The newly described taxa have been subjected to a thorough comparison with closely related species, enabling a comprehensive analysis. The study offers detailed descriptions and includes high-quality micrographs, with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of these newly identified taxa
... Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G.Winter (sexual phase), also named Fusicladium pomi (Fr.) Lind (asexual phase), is a hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus responsible for apple scab [1]. Apple scab is a widespread disease found in all apple-growing regions [2]. ...
Hop cones are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, attributed to their specialized metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of different hop parts, including by-products such as leaves and stems, and some metabolites against Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab. For each plant part, two types of extracts, a crude hydro-ethanolic extract and a dichloromethane sub-extract, were tested on spore germination of two strains with different sensitivities to triazole fungicides. Both extracts of cones, leaves and stems were able to inhibit the two strains, whereas rhizomes did not show activity. The apolar sub-extract of leaves appeared as the most active modality tested with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 5 and 10.5 mg·L−1 on the sensitive strain and the strain with reduced sensitivity, respectively. Differences in activity level between strains were noticed for all active modalities tested. Sub-extracts of leaves were then separated into seven fractions by preparative HPLC and tested on V. inaequalis. One fraction, containing xanthohumol, was especially active on both strains. This prenylated chalcone was then purified by preparative HPLC and showed significant activity against both strains, with IC50 of 1.6 and 5.1 mg·L−1. Therefore, xanthohumol seems to be a promising compound to control V. inaequalis.
... Сумчаста стадія збудника Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter має телеоморфну сапротрофну форму [248] і не викликає серйзного пригнічення рослин [249]. ...
У монографії узагальнені дані з біоекології автохтонних та адвентивних
патокомплексів і шкідників калини, які можуть слугувати теоретичною і
практичною основою для селекції на резистентність до несприятливих біотичних
чинників плодових і садово-паркових насаджень калини. Ця наукова праця має
безперечний інтерес для фахівців з біології і екології рослин, селекціонерів,
агрономів з захисту і карантину рослин і може бути наглядним посібником для
науково-педагогічних працівників у сфері плодівництва та садово-паркового
господарства. А також наукова праця може слугувати настільною книгою для
студентів і аспірантів, що навчаються за спеціальністю 201 «Агрономія», 202
«Захист і карантин рослин», 203 «Садівництво та виноградарство» і 206 «Садово-
паркове господарство».
... The causal agent of OLS disease was first named Cycloconium oleaginum (Castagne, 1845) successively placed in the genus Spilocaea as Spilocaea oleagina (Hughes, 1953;Graniti, 1993) and then in the genus Fusicladium as Fusicladium oleagineum (Schubert et al., 2003). Recently, the name Venturia oleaginea (Castagne) Rossman & Crous has been proposed according to the phylogenetic collocation of the fungus and the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF), which recommend one name for use among pleomorphic genera (Rossman et al., 2015). ...
... The anamorph of V. oleaginea ( Figure 2) is characterized by brown-olivaceous, oval-pyriform conidia truncate at the base and elongated at the top, 1-septate, sometimes 2-septate, often slightly constricted at the septum, measuring 15-30 x 9-15 mm (Schubert et al., 2003). Conidiophores are solitary, arising from hyphal cells, erumpent through the cuticle, subglobose, 8-10 µm in diameter, or ampulliform, 10-25 × 5-7 µm, or up to 15 µm wide at the base. ...
... They are erect, straight, unbranched, mostly aseptate, medium to dark brown, paler towards the apex, sometimes smooth, usually roughwalled, thick-walled. Conidiophores are reduced to conidiogenous cells, with a single or rarely with two or three conidiogenous loci, proliferation percurrent, with up to seven conspicuous annellations (Schubert et al., 2003). ...
Olive leaf spot (OLS) caused by Venturia oleaginea is widespread in all olive-growing areas and continents, where can cause severe yield losses. The disease is often underestimated for the difficulty to reveal early leaf symptoms and for the pathogen-induced phylloptosis, which creates the illusion of healthy and restored plants. The present review provide updated information on taxonomy, pathogen life style and cycle, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control. Application of copper-based fungicides is the main method to control OLS. However, the regulation 2009/1107 of the European Commission include these fungicides in the list of substances candidates for substitution. It is therefore urgent to find alternative control strategies especially for organic agriculture. Among new approaches/strategies for controlling OLS, promising results have been obtained using nanotechnology, endophytic microbes, and biostimulants.
... The apple (Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh., family Rosaceae) is an economically important and widely grown pome fruit species in temperate regions worldwide (O'Rourke, 2003). Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter induces the apple scab, which is one of the most important apple diseases that may lead to substantial economic losses worldwide due to a decrease in apple yields and fruit quality up to 70% (Sivanesan, 1977;MacHardy, 1996;Schubert, Ritschel, & Braun, 2003;Biggs & Stensvand, 2014). Successful apple scab control relies on several fungicide sprays per season. ...
The apple scab induced by Venturia inaequalis is an economically significant disease of apples worldwide and is predominantly controlled by multiple fungicide applications. Therefore, resistant apple cultivation is important for long-standing disease control. The knowledge about cultivar resistance is mainly founded on their evaluation in orchard conditions and testing in a greenhouse that is laborious and requires a large space. This study evaluated apple cultivar resistance and the virulence of V. inaequalis strains by inoculating detached leaves and immature fruits. Nine V. inaequalis strains originating from different apple-growing regions and host genotypes were tested on eight apple genotypes. Microscopic and macroscopic symptom development and host tissue reactions were monitored during the experiments. The tested V. inaequalis strains and cultivars showed different levels of virulence and resistance, respectively. Cultivar ‘Lobo’ was scored as partially susceptible, with almost all strains tested. The incompatible interaction with or without host tissue reactions was observed only on the cultivar ‘Priscilla’ with all the strains and field populations tested. The results of this study using detached leaves and immature fruits were concordant with the data obtained in the cultivar evaluation trials in the orchards.
... Another species characterized by high host specificity is V. orni, a dominant endophyte in the leaves of F. ornus (Ibrahim et al., 2017;Schlegel et al., 2018). Venturia fraxini demonstrates various lifestyles, as it is also known as a pathogen of F. excelsior, causing withering and premature leaf fall (Sivanesan, 1984;Schubert et al., 2003). This species was not found on shoots with symptoms of ash decline or as an endophyte in symptomless shoots of F. excelsior (Haňáčková et al., 2017a). ...
Fungal endophytes were isolated from 250 asymptomatic leaf petioles of Fraxinus excelsior collected from trees showing symptoms of ash dieback in five forest sites in southern Poland. Fungal isolations yielded 1646 colonies representing 97 taxa, including 92 Ascomycota and 5 Basidiomycota species. The most common Ascomycota comprised Nemania serpens (38.0% of colonized petioles), Diaporthe eres (33.6%), Venturia fraxini (26.4%), Diaporthe sp. 1 (20.4%), Alternaria sp. 1 (14.8%), Colletotrichum acutatum (14.8%), Nemania diffusa (14.0%), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (12.4%) and Colletotrichum sp. (12.4%). The occurrence of all these taxa except Alternaria sp. 1 was significantly different between the studied forest sites. Two yeast species, Vishniacozyma foliicola (4.8%) and Cystobasidium pinicola (2.8%), dominated among the Basidiomycota endophytes detected. All the fungal endophytes were tested in dual culture antagonistic assays against two strains of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, resulting in the development of four interaction types. The interactions included the physical contact of co-partners’ mycelia (41.8%), development of an inhibition zone (47.4%), growth of endophyte mycelia over H. fraxineus colonies (9.3%) and growth of H. fraxineus mycelia over endophyte colonies (1.5%). The strongest antibiotic activity against H. fraxineus, measured by the width of the inhibition zone, was observed for Cytospora pruinosa, Fusarium lateritium, Phoma sp. 2, Pleosporales sp. 2 and Thielavia basicola. A variety of morphophysiological deformations of H. fraxineus hyphae were observed under endophyte pressure: spiral twist of the hyphae, formation of cytoplasmic extrusions, development of torulose hyphae and excessive lateral branching of the hyphae. The strongest antagonistic effects, coupled with the potential to overgrow H. fraxineus colonies, was shown by Clonostachys rosea, Nemania diffusa, N. serpens, Peniophora cinerea, Rosellinia corticium and Xylaria polymorpha. Some of these species were able to attack H. fraxineus hyphae in a mycoparasitic manner. The antagonistic activities included the physical penetration of H. fraxineus hyphae, dissolution of hyphal cell walls, disappearance of pigmentation, disintegration of hyphae and degradation of other fungal structures. In contrast, one of the most commonly detected endophytes in ash leaves, Venturia fraxini, did not show in vitro antagonistic potential against H. fraxineus. Finally, we discuss the potential of the detected fungal endophytes to combat H. fraxineus invasion, the cause of ash decline in Europe.
... Sexual morphs of several plant pathogenic fungi have been reported to have a high survival potential in challenging conditions (McDonald & Linde 2002). For instance, they can resist overwintering phases and later infect plants creating a new infection cycle (Schubert et al. 2003). This might also be the case for D. goulteri during the cropping phase, whereby it may be present in its sexual form as well. ...
Diaporthe forlicesenica nom. nov. is proposed for D. dorycnii Dissan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, a later homonym of D. dorycnii (Mont.) Sacc. Diaporthe forlicesenica as well as the species D. goulteri have so far only been described in their asexual morphs. In this study, the sexual morphs for these species are recovered for the first time, from the dead branches of Cytisus sp. in Italy and from an unknown host in Thailand. The asexual-sexual morph connections of the species are confirmed by DNA sequence based phylogenetic analyses including the ITS, tef1, tub2 and his loci, supported by morphology. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and molecular data for the taxa are provided.
... However, in many basidiomycetes, such as the smut fungi, the sexual state is more prominent, but in some genera, such as Moesziomyces, the asexual, saprotrophic morph is also frequently isolated from various substrates . Sexual morphs often produce long-lasting, overwintering structures that initiate a new infection (Schubert et al. 2003;Jayawardena et al. 2019Jayawardena et al. , 2020. Fungal taxonomists tried to link different morphological forms of plant pathogens, which was challenging, as in many cases only one of the morphs was known. ...
Scientific names are crucial for communicating knowledge concerning fungi and fungus-like organisms. In plant pathology, they link information regarding biology, host range, distribution and potential risk to agriculture and food security. In the past, delimitation among pathogenic taxa was primarily based on morphological characteristics. Due to distinct species sharing overlapping characteristics, the morphological identification of species is often neither straightforward nor reliable. Hence, the phylogenetic species concept based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions gained importance. The present opinion discusses what a fungal species is and how identification of species in plant pathology has changed over the past decades. In this context, host-specialization and species complexes are discussed. Furthermore, species concepts in plant pathology are examined using case studies from Bipolaris, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Diplodia, Meliola, Plasmopara, rust fungi and Trichoderma. Each entry contains a brief introduction to the genus, concepts used in species identification so far and the problems in describing a species followed by recommendations. The importance of correctly naming and identifying a species is addressed in the context of recent introductions, and we also discuss whether the introduction of new species in pathogenic genera has been overestimated. We also provide guidelines to be considered when introducing a new species in a plant pathogenic genus.
