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?Fusarium chlamydosporum Wollenweber & Reinking, A: Polyphilaidic conidiogenous cell (Ph); B: Microconidia (Mi); C: Macroconidia (Ma); D: Chlamysospores (Ch). Bars, 15 ?m.
Source publication
Carotenoids are valuable molecules as they used in manufacturing of food, pharmaceutical, poultry and cosmetics of which have antioxidant properties and act as vitamin A precursors. Fusarium camptoceras ASU5 (KU215707) was selected as a promising candidate for β-carotene production. This fungus is characterized by abundant macroconidia in sporodoch...
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Context 1
... growth on PDA plates after 7 d showing rate varies from 65-74 mm, with dense, white with greyish orange aerial mycelium. The undersurface is generally light brown. Polyphialidic conidiogenous cells may produce microconidia singly, or sometimes in pairs that result in branching conidiophores with a tree-like appearance ( Fig. 2A). Microconidia straight, spindle shaped, abundant in the aerial mycelium, usually 0- septate, 1-2 septate microconidia may be observed (Fig. 2B). Macroconidia are rare, thick walled, curved, 3- 5 septate, 25-55*2.5-4.5 µm, with short, curved and pointed apical cell, and foot shaped basal cell (Fig. 2C). Chlamydospores produced ...
Context 2
... The undersurface is generally light brown. Polyphialidic conidiogenous cells may produce microconidia singly, or sometimes in pairs that result in branching conidiophores with a tree-like appearance ( Fig. 2A). Microconidia straight, spindle shaped, abundant in the aerial mycelium, usually 0- septate, 1-2 septate microconidia may be observed (Fig. 2B). Macroconidia are rare, thick walled, curved, 3- 5 septate, 25-55*2.5-4.5 µm, with short, curved and pointed apical cell, and foot shaped basal cell (Fig. 2C). Chlamydospores produced abundantly and rapidly, singly, in pairs, chains and in clusters (Fig. 2D). ...
Context 3
... conidiophores with a tree-like appearance ( Fig. 2A). Microconidia straight, spindle shaped, abundant in the aerial mycelium, usually 0- septate, 1-2 septate microconidia may be observed (Fig. 2B). Macroconidia are rare, thick walled, curved, 3- 5 septate, 25-55*2.5-4.5 µm, with short, curved and pointed apical cell, and foot shaped basal cell (Fig. 2C). Chlamydospores produced abundantly and rapidly, singly, in pairs, chains and in clusters (Fig. 2D). ...
Context 4
... in the aerial mycelium, usually 0- septate, 1-2 septate microconidia may be observed (Fig. 2B). Macroconidia are rare, thick walled, curved, 3- 5 septate, 25-55*2.5-4.5 µm, with short, curved and pointed apical cell, and foot shaped basal cell (Fig. 2C). Chlamydospores produced abundantly and rapidly, singly, in pairs, chains and in clusters (Fig. 2D). ...
Citations
... Carotenoids are well known bioactive compounds and highvalue nutritional molecules that play a defensive role against chronic diseases due to their antioxidant potential [1]. In the modern industry, carotenoids are mainly extracted from plants [2], chemically produced [3], and produced by microorganisms, such as Phaffia rhodozyma, Dunaliella salina, and Blakeslea trispora [4]. ...
... Hence, industrial production of carotenoid would only be feasible if production cost could be minimized by using suitable carbon sources and increasing the product yield [15]. The development of a suitable cultivation medium to obtain a large amount of the desired product with a lowpriced substrate is an essential feature of the fermentation process [1]. Medium components could drastically affect the accumulation of β-carotene in terms of both overall productivity and relative yield of β-carotene in association with cell growth [16]. ...
... Seed culture was prepared by inoculating 100 μL spore suspension (nearly 10 7 spores/mL) into 150 mL of Kendrick and Ratledge (K&R) medium. This medium contained 30 g glucose, 7 g KH 2 PO 4 , 3.3 g diammonium tartrate, 2 g Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.5 g yeast extracts, 1 O in one liter of distilled water and was stored in 500 mL baffled flasks to support aeration and incubated for 24 h in a shaking incubator at 28°C and 150 rpm. Then, 10% (v/v) of this overnight grown culture was inoculated in 150 mL modified K&R media, which contained 80 g of glucose and 2 g/L diammonium tartrate held in a 1000 mL baffled flask for subsequent fermentation under the continuous light. ...
Carotenoids produced by microbial sources are of industrial and medicinal importance due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties. In the current study, optimization of β-carotene production in M. circinelloides strain 277.49 was achieved using response surface methodology (RSM). Cerulenin and ketoconazole were used to inhibit fatty acids and the sterol biosynthesis pathway, respectively, in order to enhance β-carotene production by diverting metabolic pool towards the mevalonate pathway. All three variables used in screening experiments were found to be significant for the production of β-carotene. The synergistic effect of the C/N ratio, cerulenin, and ketoconazole was further evaluated and optimized for superior β-carotene production using central composite design of RSM. Our results found that the synergistic combination of C/N ratios, cerulenin, and ketoconazole at different concentrations affected the β-carotene productions significantly. The optimal production medium (std. order 11) composed of C/N 25, 10 μg/mL cerulenin, and 150 mg/L ketoconazole, producing maximum β-carotene of 4.26 mg/L (0.43 mg/g) which was 157% greater in comparison to unoptimized medium (1.68 mg/L, 0.17 mg/g). So, it was concluded that metabolic flux had been successfully redirected towards the mevalonate pathway for enhanced β-carotene production in CBS 277.49.
