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Fusarium cf. solani (USM FSSC-K600T) grown on CLA, 2 weeks, 25 °C, cool white fluorescent light 12 h/darkness 12 h. a-c Multiseptate macroconidia produced from sporodochia. d, e, Oval-
Source publication
Members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) have been known as plant, animal, and human pathogens. Nevertheless, the taxonomic status of such an important group of fungi is still very confusing and many new species as well as lineages have been elucidated recently. Unfortunately, most of the new taxa came from temperate and subtropical region...
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... conidiophores. Sporodochial conidiophores formed on distinctive collarete at the tip. The macroconidia arising from sporodochia are falcate, dorsiventral, with 3-5-septate and mostly 5-septate, with pointed, tapered, and curved apical cell and welldeveloped foot cell. The macroconidia are typically falcate, widest in the middle of their length (Fig. 2a-c). The microconidia are oval, reniform, elongated oval to sometimes obovoid with a truncate base, mostly 0-septate (Fig. 2d, e). The size of conidia measures as follows: 0-septate=(6-) ...
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... are falcate, dorsiventral, with 3-5-septate and mostly 5-septate, with pointed, tapered, and curved apical cell and welldeveloped foot cell. The macroconidia are typically falcate, widest in the middle of their length (Fig. 2a-c). The microconidia are oval, reniform, elongated oval to sometimes obovoid with a truncate base, mostly 0-septate (Fig. 2d, e). The size of conidia measures as follows: 0-septate=(6-) ...
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... 5.5-6.0 μm (−6.5); and 5-septate (44-) 51-57 (−63)×(5.0-) 5.5-6.0 μm (−6.5) (Table 2). Chlamydospores formed relatively abundant in mycelium, mostly globose, subglobose, intercalary or terminal and rough walled, 5-15 μm in diameter, and may occasionally be found within the macroconidia. Chlamydospores formed singly, and in clusters, or in chains (Fig. ...
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... grew fast; the growth rate (mm⁄day) on PDA at 25 °C in intermittent light ranged from 8 to 9 mm⁄day ( Fig. 1 (2)). The hyphae initially were hyaline. ...
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... conidiophores. Sporodochial conidiophores formed on distinctive collarete at the tip. The macroconidia arising from sporodochia are falcate, dorsiventral, with 3-5-septate and mostly 5-septate, with pointed, tapered, and curved apical cell and welldeveloped foot cell. The macroconidia are typically falcate, widest in the middle of their length (Fig. 2a-c). The microconidia are oval, reniform, elongated oval to sometimes obovoid with a truncate base, mostly 0-septate (Fig. 2d, e). The size of conidia measures as follows: 0-septate=(6-) ...
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... are falcate, dorsiventral, with 3-5-septate and mostly 5-septate, with pointed, tapered, and curved apical cell and welldeveloped foot cell. The macroconidia are typically falcate, widest in the middle of their length (Fig. 2a-c). The microconidia are oval, reniform, elongated oval to sometimes obovoid with a truncate base, mostly 0-septate (Fig. 2d, e). The size of conidia measures as follows: 0-septate=(6-) ...
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... 5.5-6.0 μm (−6.5); and 5-septate (44-) 51-57 (−63)×(5.0-) 5.5-6.0 μm (−6.5) (Table 2). Chlamydospores formed relatively abundant in mycelium, mostly globose, subglobose, intercalary or terminal and rough walled, 5-15 μm in diameter, and may occasionally be found within the macroconidia. Chlamydospores formed singly, and in clusters, or in chains (Fig. ...
Citations
... With the advancement of molecular biology techniques, sequencing-based analyses have emerged as valuable tools in taxonomic studies, supplementing traditional phenotypic and morphological methods [65,66]. In the present study, three distinct phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the fungal ITS sequence, TEF-1α sequence, and the concate-nated ITS and TEF-1α sequences. ...
Root rot disease poses a significant threat to canola (Brassica napus), underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of its causal agents for more effective disease mitigation. The composition and diversity of fungal pathogens associated with root rot of canola in Alberta, Canada, were evaluated from plant tissue samples collected in 2021 and 2022. The study revealed Fusarium spp. as the predominant pathogens found in almost all surveyed fields. Fusarium avenaceum, F. redolens, and F. solani were among the most frequently recovered species. Greenhouse trials confirmed their pathogenicity, with F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides found to be particularly aggressive. Additionally, F. sporotrichioides and F. commune were identified for the first time as canola root rot pathogens. Inoculation with isolates of most species resulted in significant reductions in seedling emergence, plant height, and shoot and root dry weights. Analysis of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences confirmed the identity of the Fusarium spp., while concatenating the ITS and TEF-1α sequences enabled improved species differentiation. Geographic and year effects did not influence fungal diversity or aggressiveness, as determined by principal component analysis. This study emphasized the high diversity and impact of Fusarium spp. in causing canola root rot.
... In this study, the isolated fungal specimen from T. ilisha was hyaline, branched, and septate forming oblong to fusiform microconidia. Identification within the genus Fusarium is difficult due to their highly variable morphological characteristics (Geiser 2004;Chehri 2015). The characteristics of Fusarium in terms of the presence of canoe-shaped macroconidia consisting of 3-5 septate cells tapering towards both ends were evidenced in the isolated fungi. ...
Tenualosa ilisha popularly known as ‘Hilsa’ is one of the most commercially important euryhaline food fish species in South Asian countries. Co-infection of Fusarium incarnatum FHHS2 and Acinetobacter bohemicus FHHK1 was reported for the first time in captive-reared pre-adult T. ilisha (average length 22.30 ± 0.92 cm and weight 93.48 ± 28.06 g) that had manifested skin lesions in freshwater pond during November–December 2022. The infected fish showed lethargy, abnormal swimming behaviour, blackening of gills, red streaks on the fins, erosions of the skin, and sloughing of the scales resulting in 40% mortality of the stock. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of aerial slightly curved conidia, septate macroconidia, and randomly spread microconidia. The fungal species was confirmed as F. incarnatum FHHS2 (NCBI GenBank accession number OR030402) by ITS sequencing. It clustered with known pathogenic F. incarnatum (NCBI Accession no. AY633745) counterpart associated with black gill disease of Penaeus monodon Fabricius (99.46% homology) in phylogenetic tree. We have also isolated, identified, and characterised A. bohemicus FHHK1 from the infected fish which clustered with A. bohemicus reported in the lakes of Indian subcontinent (100.00% homology). No parasite was found in different organs of the moribund hilsa shad. Significant histopathological alterations were observed in the skin, gill, and kidney of infected hilsa. Our study records the first report of F. incarnatum FHHS2 and A. bohemicus FHHK1borne infection in hilsa during its domestication in freshwater pond.
... The isolated fungi were identified according to their morphological characteristics concerning M. phaseolina (Veverka et al., 2008). F. solani was identified based on the characteristics of the fungal culture and the microscopic characteristics mentioned in Chehri et al. (2015). ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Plant fungi are a serious problem in agriculture. Even though synthetic fungicides are an efficient control method, several negative side effects emerge from their extensive use, such as health problems, environmental pollution, and the emergence of resistant microorganisms. Thus, it is becoming more and more urgent to search for alternative control methods.
Aim of the study
The aim of our study was to analyze phytochemical composition and antifungal potential of Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl. and Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. fil. wildly growing in Anbar province, Iraq. In addition, molecular analysis was used to identify the plants species and molecular docking analysis was investigated between the major phytochemicals present in these plants and three selected fungal proteins, in order to assess the antifungal activity of the selected biochemicals against these proteins.
Materials and methods
Molecular analysis was performed using ITS sequencing protocol. The phytochemical analysis was done using GC-MS technique, while molecular docking analysis was performed by FRED application between selected compounds from each plant and three enzymes: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, endochitinase, and 14-α-demethylase. Finally, the antifungal activity was assessed by measuring inhibition percentage of Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina growth treated with ethanomethanolic extract of each plant.
Results
Molecular analysis identified the selected plants as L. mucronata and L. nudicaulis, with an ITS region of 600 bp. Phytochemical analysis of Launaea spp. reported the presence of 35 compounds in each ethanomethanolic extract, belonging to different classes. L. mucronata was mainly formed of lupeol (9.33%), whereas L. nudicaulis extract was dominated by the heterocyclic compound 4-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine (20.2%). Furthermore, molecular docking analysis showed that 4H-pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl from L. mucronata and gulonic acid Ƴ-lactone from L. nudicaulis possessed the highest affinity score to 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (−4.584 and −7.811 kcal/mol, respectively). Sucrose from L. mucronata and glutaric acid, di(3,4-difluorobenzyl) ester from L. nudicaulis gave the highest affinity to endochitinase (−7.979 and - 8.446 kcal/mol, respectively). In addition, sterol 14-α-demethylase was affinitive to sucrose from L. mucronata and glutaric acid, di(3,4-difluorobenzyl) ester from L. nudicaulis via energetic score of −10.002 and −9.582 kcal/mol, respectively. Both extracts exhibited antifungal activity against F. solani and M. phaseolina in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusions
This study confirms the antifungal potential of both Launaea spp. explained by the presence of phytochemicals with antimicrobial properties. These compounds have potential to be used as new drugs to treat infectious diseases caused by pathogens. Consequently, plants from Launaea genus could be a raw material for many studies such as therapeutic, taxonomical, drug modelling, and antifungal agent.
... mm, respectively, which seem to be similar with Fusarium spp. [17][18][19]. To observe macroconidia, these fungal isolates were grown on CMCA media for seven days [20]. ...
In July 2021, wilting symptoms were observed in adult and seedling hemp (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Cherry Blossom) plants grown in a greenhouse. As the disease progressed, yellowing and wilting symptoms on the leaves developed, resulting in whole plant death. In seedling plants, typical damping-off symptoms were observed. To identify the pathogen, the roots of diseased plants were sampled, surface sterilized, and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. From the culture, 4 different fungal isolates were recovered and purely cultured. Each fungal isolate showed distinct growth shapes and color development on malt extract agar, oatmeal agar, sabouraud dextrose agar, and PDA media. Microscopic observation and molecular identification using ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequencing identified them as 3 Fusarium spp. and 1 Thielaviopsis paradoxa. Additional sequencing of elongation factor 1-alpha and β-tubulin regions of 3 Fusarium spp. revealed that 2 of them are Fusarium solani, and the other one is Fusarium proliferatum. To examine which isolate can act as a causal agent of wilt disease of hemp, each isolate was tested for their pathogenicity. In the pathogenicity test, F. solani AMCF1 and AMCF2, and F. proliferatum AMCF3, but not T. paradoxa AMCF4, were able to cause wilting disease in hemp seedlings. Therefore, we report that F. solani AMCF1 and AMCF2, and F. proliferatum AMCF3 as causal agents of Fusarium wilt of hemp plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the wilt disease of C. sativa L. caused by Fusarium spp. in Korea.
... Fungal datasets of ITS rDNA sequences were used for the phylogenetic tree analysis in MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013) and inferred using the Neighbour-Joining method. The datasets used to ascertain the isolates obtained belong to which group among FSSC clade 3. The datasets are obtained from NCBI as also being used by Migheli et al. (2010), Chehri (2014), Chehri et al. (2015) and Al-Hatmi et al. (2018). The optimal tree was drawn with the percentage of the bootstrap test of 1000 replicates shown next to the branches. ...
... Four FSSC isolates were obtained in this research from two epiphytic orchids, C. finlaysonianum and V. tricolor, and two terrestrial orchids, C. triplicata and P. tankervilleae. The morphological characteristics of all four isolates matched F. solani (Zakaria et al. 2009;Chehri et al. 2015). They had microconidia arising from long phialide-like structures and had fusoid macroconidia with the dorsal (upper) side more curved than the ventral, basal cells barely notched and blunt apical cells, and produced chlamydospores. ...
... They had microconidia arising from long phialide-like structures and had fusoid macroconidia with the dorsal (upper) side more curved than the ventral, basal cells barely notched and blunt apical cells, and produced chlamydospores. The macroconidia shape's characteristics are in agreement with that of the FSSC5 strain reported from Malaysia, which was isolated from Echinochloa colonum (Chehri et al. 2015). Interestingly, the macroconidia characteristics obtained in this study are similar to those reported from temperate regions rather than to the macroconidia from tropical strains. ...
Sukarno N, Mursidawati S, Listiyowati S, Nugraha NH, Fadillah WN, Waite M. 2023. Root associated Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) in epiphytic and terrestrial orchids. Biodiversitas 24: 2577-2586. Members of the Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) are ecologically diverse, covering human and plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytic fungi of economically important plants. The role of FSSC on tropical orchids, however, has received little attention. This research aimed to isolate and identify the FSSC found as endophytes in roots of the epiphytic orchids Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. and Vanda tricolor Lindl., and the terrestrial orchids Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames and Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume. Fungal isolation was obtained from peloton structures within the root. Fungal identification was done using combined morphological and molecular characteristics using ITS rDNA sequences. Four isolates of Fusarium were identified based on morphological characteristics. The BLAST analysis showed that all the isolates were in the Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC). Further phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated that all the FSSC isolates belonged to FSSC5 lineage or Fusarium solani sensu stricto, which is nested in FSSC clade 3 as a subgroup. The fungi F. solani sensu stricto V2 and CF34 were isolated from the epiphytic orchids, and F. solani sensu stricto C5 and P44 were isolated from the terrestrial orchids. It is interesting that the FSSC5 isolated from the epiphytic orchids form different groups than those of the terrestrial orchids. This is the first report showing the tropical orchids are the host of the FSSC5 as endophytes and this broadens the known host range and ecological behavior of the FSSC5.
... Thus, TEF-1α remains among the recommended loci for phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium species (O'Donnell et al. 2015). Studies have demonstrated that molecular analysis of combined sequence data of TEF-1α and ITS regions appears to be a useful molecular tool allowing identification and characterization of taxa within the genus Fusarium (Chehri et al. 2015;Alwahshi et al. 2019). ...
Sugar beet is an important sugar crop that supplies approximately 35% of the sugar in the world. Sugar beet root rot, caused by fungal pathogens, significantly reduces yield, juice purity, and sugar concentration. Studies have revealed that sugar beet root rot (SBRR) is mainly caused by soil fungi like Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Aphanomyces cochlioides and Phytophthora spp. Given the wide host spectrum, the great influence by environmental conditions, and the resistant structures of fungi causing SBRR, the management of this disease which begins with invisible symptoms remains a difficult task. Therefore, further studies are needed to correctly identify the causative agents and to understand more about conditions and factors favoring disease incidence. This will greatly contribute to designing and adopting appropriate control methods to manage this economically important disease. Hence, this review concentrates on key symptoms and current advances in morphological and molecular means used for the precise designation of the fungus associated with SBRR, and control procedures designed to manage this disease in recent years. This work also exposes the new alternative approaches exploited to manage root rot in the context of sustainable sugar beet production.
... The isolated fungi were identified according to their morphological characteristics concerning M. phaseolina (Veverka et al., 2008). F. solani was identified based on the characteristics of the fungal culture and the microscopic characteristics mentioned in Chehri et al. (2015). ...
... µm (Figure 6). These morphological traits are identical to the species belonging to Fusarium ambrosium (Neocosmospora ambrosium) within the Fusarium solani complex [38,39] ...
... Obviously, Curvularia species are important phytopathogens reported worldwide as endophytes or pathogens [49][50][51]. Species of the Curvularia genus consist of major destructive plant pathogens isolated from soil and living or dead parts of plants [34,[38][39][40]. A study by Manamgoda et al. [48] reassessed the phylogenetic relationships of species of the genus Curvularia using Multilocus DNA sequence analysis with three loci, ITS, GPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and TEF (Translation Elongation Factor). ...
Canker symptoms were observed on almond trees in the Fez-Meknes region, Morocco. Isolations were conducted from the infected branch and trunk showing internal and external brown lesions. Four representative fungal isolates were screened, and their identities were confirmed by cultural traits and sequence analysis of DNA using two genes, the ITS region (internal transcribed spacer) and calmodulin (cmdA). The identified fungi were Curvularia hawaiiensis, Fusarium ambrosium, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Chondrestereum purpureum. The pathogenicity test on almond twigs revealed that these species were pathogenic to their host with different degrees of virulence, with Lasiodiplodia theobromae as the most virulent causing the longest necrotic lesion (285.17 mm) and the death of twigs. Physiological traits analysis of the above-mentioned fungi showed that the optimum mycelium growth response at different temperatures varies from 10 to 35 °C, while the pH ranges between 3.0 and 8.0. This study confirms the presence of canker pathogens on almond trees, which will contribute valuable information to improve the understanding of the contemporary status of almond trees, thus helping the improvement of the management of almond orchards. To our knowledge, all these fungi represent new records in Morocco and some of them are confirmed on the almond trees for the first time in the world.
... KT184398.1). Morphological verifications and also such distant relationship distinguishing ZOLE-1 as Fusarium solani (Chehri et al., 2015). In case of Fig. 6, where ZOLE-2 serves as an outgroup positioning beyond the paraphyletic clade of several Cladosprium sp., is more distantly related to Cladosporium cladosporioides (Accession no. ...
This study was conducted to discover wide spectrum of endophyte diversity from the Zingiber officinale Rosc. Endophytic fungi were obtained from different plant tissues. All the isolated strains were identified up to genus level following described colony morphology. The recognized five different morphotypes were subjected to sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani and Cladosporium cladosporoides were identified based on comparison of the BLAST results and phylogenetic identification. The presented study provides the comprehensive explanation of the interrelation of morphological and molecular homologies for the identification of the prospective fungi. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 29(2): 361-371, 2022 (December)
... It infects plants through developing plant roots to produce asexual macro-and microconidia dispersed through wind and rain (Shakeel et al., 2020). Morphologically, Fusarium solani is unique because, unlike most Fusarium species that form a pink or violet centre when cultured, it forms white and cottony colonies with a blue-green or bluish brown colour (Chehri et al., 2015). It is a common cause of diseases in plants such as peas, beans, potatoes, olive, soybeans, and many types of cucurbits and humans, resulting in either mycoses or the infection of the eye cornea. ...
Fusarium solani is worrisome because it severely threatens the agricultural productivity of certain crops such as tomatoes and peas, causing the general decline, wilting, and root necrosis. It has also been implicated in the infection of the human eye cornea. It is believed that early detection of the fungus could save these crops from the destructive activities of the fungus through early biocontrol measures. Therefore, the present work aimed to build a sensitive model of novel anti-Fusarium solani antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against the fungal cutinase 1 (CUT1) protein for early, sensitive and accurate detection. Fusarium solani CUT1 receptor protein 2D secondary structure, model validation, and functional motifs were predicted. Subsequently, anti-Fusarium solani AMPs were retrieved, and the HMMER in silico algorithm was used to construct a model of the AMPs. After their structure predictions, the interaction analysis was analyzed for the Fusarium solani CUT1 protein and the generated AMPs. The putative anti-Fusarium solani AMPs bound the CUT1 protein very tightly, with OOB4 having the highest binding energy potential for HDock. The pyDockWeb generated high electrostatic, desolvation, and low van der Waals energies for all the AMPs against CUT1 protein, with OOB1 having the most significant interaction. The results suggested the utilization of AMPs for the timely intervention, control, and management of these crops, as mentioned earlier, to improve their agricultural productivity and reduce their economic loss and the use of HMMER for constructing models for disease detection. CITATION Bakare OO, Gokul A, Jimoh MO, Klein A and Keyster M (2022), In silico discovery of biomarkers for the accurate and sensitive detection of Fusarium solani. Front. Bioinform. 2:972529.
