Fig 5 - uploaded by Hermann Voglmayr
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Furfurella luteostiolata (WU 39989, holotype). a -c. Ostioles erumpent through bark with sulphur yellow scurf in surface or side view; d. pseudostroma with two perithecia in vertical section; e -f. vertical sections of perithecial walls (e. from upper part of two adjacent perithecia, f. lateral); g. vertical section of pseudostroma around ostioles, yellow brown colour originating from yellow scurf dissolved in KOH; h -j. asci; k. ascus apex; l. septate paraphysis; m -x. ascospores. All in water, except e -g in 3 % KOH, j -l in Lugol after KOH pre-treatment. - Scale bars: a -d = 200 µm; e -x = 10 μm.
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Based on DNA sequence data, the genus Leptosillia is shown to belong to the Xylariales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS-LSU rDNA sequence data and of a combined matrix of SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 reveal that the genera Cresporhaphis and Liberomyces are congeneric with Leptosillia. Coelosphaeria fusariospora, Leptorhaphis a...
Citations
... The following loci were amplified and sequenced: the terminal 3' end of the small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (nSSU rDNA) and the complete internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA region with primers V9G (de Hoog and Gerrits van den Ende 1998) and ITS4 (White et al. 1990); a ca 0.5 kb fragment of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene with primers EF1-728F (Carbone and Kohn 1999) and TEFD_iR (Voglmayr et al. 2018); and a ca. 0.95 kb fragment of the beta tubulin (tub2) gene with primers T1D (Voglmayr et al. 2019) and BtHV2r (Voglmayr et al. 2016(Voglmayr et al. , 2017. PCR products were purified using enzymatic PCR cleanup (Werle et al. 1994) as described in Voglmayr and Jaklitsch (2008). ...
Pestalotioid fungi were isolated in pure culture from symptomatic plants of Callistemon laevis, C. viminalis, Luma apiculata (marketed as "Myrtus luma"), Myrtus communis sub-sp. tarentina, and M. communis var. microphylla (M. communis 'Microphylla'), showing twig canker, dieback and defoliation. The isolates were identified to species by ITS, tef1 and tub2 sequences, which revealed the presence of six species of Neopestalotiopsis (N. camelliae-oleiferae, N. hispanica, N. iberica, N. rosae, N. rosicola, and N. zakeelii) and one species of Pestalotiopsis (P. biciliata). While most species were isolated only once or twice, the majority of isolates belonged to N. rosae (13) and N. hispanica (8). Pathoge-nicity was investigated by pathogenicity tests on all hosts, which confirmed the patho-genicity of all Neopestalotiopsis species on at least some of the hosts tested, while P. bi-ciliata did not cause any disease symptoms. Neopestalotiopsis hispanica and N. rosae caused symptoms in all hosts of the present study, while the other Neopestalotiopsis species tested showed no symptoms on Luma apiculata.
... Voglmayr & Jaklitsch differs from Celothelium lutescens by unitunicate asci, slightly narrower ascospores, (35-)44-58(-65) × (1.8-)2.4-3.0(-3.5) and growth on Pinus L. (Voglmayr et al., 2019). ...
Fifteen species of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi are reported for the first time from Ukraine. These species are Buellia ocellata, Catillaria fungoides, Cecidonia xenophana, Cladonia subturgida, Celothelium lutescens, Endococcus protoblasteniae, Kuettlingeria areolata, Lahmia kunzei, Lecanora microloba, Lecidea nylanderi, Myriolecis zosterae, Pyrenodesmia helygeoides, Sagedia zonata, Verrucula arnoldaria, Zahlbrucknerella calcarea. The genera Cecidonia, Celothelium, Lahmia, Sagedia, Zahlbrucknerella, familia Celotheliaceae, Lahmiaceae, and orders Lahmiales and Phaemoniliales are also new to the country.
... The type species was found as saprobic on dried seed pods of Delonix regia in Thailand, and full descriptions and morphological characteristics were offered by Perera et al. [61]. Currently, Delonicicola is placed under the family Delonicicolaceae along with Liberomyces and Furfurella [62,63]. The sexual morph of Delonicicola was introduced as having grouped, black, conspicuous, raised pseudo-stromata, with multi-loculate, aggregated, immersed, globose to conical, ostiolate, ascomata; paraphyses filamentous, aseptate, unbranched; eight-spored, unitunicate, clavate, short pedicellate asci; ascospores are one or two seriate, one septate, blunt at ends, straight, hyaline, and smooth walled [61]. ...
Fungi are a large and diverse group of microorganisms, and although the estimated number of species ranges between 2 and 11 million, only around 150,000 species have been described thus far. The investigation of plant-associated fungi is beneficial for estimating global fungal diversity, for ecosystem conservation, and for the continued development of industry and agriculture. Mango, one of the world’s five most economically important fruit crops, is grown in over 100 countries and has been demonstrated to have a great economical value. During surveys of mango-associated saprobic fungi in Yunnan (China), we discovered three new species (Acremoniisimulans hongheensis, Chaenothecopsis hongheensis and Hilberina hongheensis) and five new records. The phylogenetic analyses of multi-gene sequences (LSU, SSU, ITS, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2) coupled with morphological examinations were used to identify all the taxa.
... Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight has been detected in the new orchards of Agrigento and Caltanissetta provinces, and related to three species (i.e., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum hellenicum and N. mediterraneum) with N. mediterraneum being the most spread among the orchards [4]. Among canker and dieback diseases of pistachio, other fungal pathogens have been reported and characterized during these years such as Cytospora pistaciae, Eutypa lata, and Leptosillia pistaciae (ex Liberomyces pistaciae), considered in the traditional area of Bronte one of the major canker pathogens of this crop [5][6][7]. Other minor diseases have been described, in particular, fruit blight caused by Arthrinium xenocordella and pistachio fruit rust caused by Tuberculina persicina [8,9]. ...
Septoria leaf spot is one of the most widespread diseases affecting pistachio (Pistacia vera) in countries of the Mediterranean region. Septoria pistaciarum was recently confirmed as the causal agent of this disease in Italy. Currently, the detection of S. pistaciarum relies on isolation techniques. These require significant amounts of labor, and time for completion. Also, a reliable identification requires the sequencing of at least two housekeeping genes, in addition to the morphological observations. To accurately detect the presence and quantify S. pistaciarum in pistachio tissues, a molecular tool was necessary. We designed applicable primers that allow reliable amplification of the β-tubulin gene. The amplification of target DNA was highly efficient, with a 100% success rate, and the assay was able to detect as little as 100 fg/rxn of pure fungal DNA. When tested in artificial mixtures of plant and pathogen DNAs, the assay was able to detect the pathogen consistently at a limit of detection of 1 pg/rxn. The assay was also effective in identifying the pathogen in naturally infected samples, providing rapid detection in all symptomatic specimens. The resulting qPCR assay is an improved detection tool for accurate diagnosis of S. pistaciarum that can also contribute to better understand the population dynamics of the pathogen in the orchard.
... Boise and Splanchnonema lichenisatum Aptroot and K.H. Moon, which are facultatively associated with various photobionts but were also recorded without any algal associations [77][78][79]. Notably, these lineages are found in predominantly non-lichenized clades, such as Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes [77][78][79][80], suggesting initial evolutionary attempts at lichenization in these lineages. On the other hand, several bark-inhabiting fungi are known to have emerged from largely lichenized clades, and their saprotrophic mode evolved secondarily from their lichenized ancestors [81][82][83]. ...
Mycocaliciales comprise non-lichenized either saprotrophic or lichenicolous fungi which occur in temperate and tropical regions. The mazaediate, saprotrophic and monospecific genus, Pyrgidium, is currently assigned to this order, yet the phylogenetic placement of the genus has remained uncertain due to the absence of molecular data. In order to investigate the systematic position of Pyrgidium, two specimens collected in Brazil and Thailand, respectively, were used to generate mtSSU, SSU, LSU and ITS sequences. However, given that most other representatives of this order only have LSU and ITS sequences available, the phylogenetic reconstruction was limited to these two markers. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed placement of the genus within Mycocaliciales, the genus possessing a sister group relationship with the lichenicolous genus Sphinctrina. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, including those for type specimens of the various synonyms subsumed under the hitherto only accepted species, Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltr.) Tibell. The ascospore morphology was investigated using compound and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the ascospore size using PC-ORD 7. The molecular data and re-examination of the type specimens support the monospecific nature of this genus.
... Regarding diseases affecting this crop, only a few outdated studies were available until recently. Recent studies conducted in Italy updated the knowledge of fungal diseases of pistachio, specifically canker and dieback caused by Cytospora pistaciae, Eutypa lata and Leptosillia pistaciae (ex Liberomyces pistaciae) [5][6][7]. Among fruit and foliar diseases Arthrinium xenocordella and Tuberculina persicina were reported attacking fruit nuts [8,9] and molecular investigation confirmed the species Septoria pistaciarum as the main foliar pathogen of pistachio in Italy [10]. ...
Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is an important Mediterranean crop. In Italy, pistachio is cultivated in the southern regions, of which Sicily is the main production area. Recently, the phytopathological situation of this crop has started to be updated, and new diseases have been discovered, studied, and reported. Botryosphaeriaceae spp. and Leptosillia pistaciae are major canker/rot pathogens, and Cytospora pistaciae and Eutypa lata have been reported as minor canker pathogens. In this paper, we evaluated different biological control agents, belonging to Trichoderma asperellum, T. atroviride and T. harzianum, as well as some Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains, against above-mentioned pathogens. Results of dual culture assays showed that all the biological products, both fungi and bacteria, were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogens in vitro. Experiments using detached twigs showed no effect of biocontrol agents in reducing infections, except for Neofusicoccum hellenicum treated with T. harzianum T22 and Leptosillia pistaciae treated with B. amyloliquefaciens D747. Results of detached fruit experiments showed an efficacy ranging from 32.5 to 66.9% of all the biological products in reducing the lesions caused by N. mediterraneum. This study provides basic information for future research on biological control of pistachio diseases and future prospects for search of more effective biological control agents for canker diseases than those studied here.
... The appearance of the catalogue in 2005 definitely stimulated research of both Bulgarian and foreign lichenologists on the study of lichenized fungi in Bulgaria. During this period, numerous papers, related to lichenized or lichenicolous fungi in Bulgaria, or taxonomic treatments citing specimens from Bulgaria have been published: Aguirre-Hudson et al. (2005), Otte (2005), Otte et al. (2005), Denchev et al. (2006), Guttová et al. (2006Guttová et al. ( , 2014Guttová et al. ( , 2019Guttová et al. ( , 2020, Hertel (2006), Schiefelbein (2006), Slavíková-Bayerová & Orange (2006), Titov (2006), Vondrák (2006Vondrák ( , 2007Vondrák ( , 2010Vondrák ( , 2012, Vondrák & Hrouzek (2006), Vondrák & Slavíková-Bayerová (2006), Czarnota (2007), Krzewicka et al. (2007), Obermayer (2007), Slavíková-Bayerová & Fehrer (2007, Śliwa (2007, 2009) , Vondrák & Šoun (2007, Vondrák & Šoun ( , 2008a, Brodo et al. (2008Brodo et al. ( , 2019, Hawksworth et al. (2008), Hertel & Leuckert (2008), Knudsen & Kocourková (2008, Lisická et al. (2008), Šoun & Vondrák (2008), Spier et al. (2008), Vondrák et al. ( , b, 2009aVondrák et al. ( , b, c, 2011Vondrák et al. ( , 2012aVondrák et al. ( , b, 2013Vondrák et al. ( , 2016Vondrák et al. ( , 2020, Arup & Åkelius (2009), Breuss (2009, Gaya (2009), Kukwa (2009Kukwa ( , 2011, Randlane et al. (2009), Saag et al. (2009), Stoykov (2009, 2020a, Cornejo & Scheidegger (2010), Farkas (2010Farkas ( , 2011Farkas ( , 2014Farkas ( , 2020, Ivanov (2010), Lendemer et al. (2010), Rosato & Arup (2010), Şenkardeşler (2010a, b), Roux et al. (2011), Šoun et al. (2011), Atanassova & Mayrhofer (2012), Gaya et al. (2012), Krzewicka (2012), Scheidegger et al. (2012), Schmitt et al. (2012), Widmer et al. (2012), Wilk (2012), Arup et al. (2013), Nikolova et al. (2013), Pedashenko et al. (2013), Shivarov (2013Shivarov ( , 2017Shivarov ( , 2019, Shivarov & Stoykov (2013), Tehler et al. (2013), Hafellner et al. (2014), Muggia et al. (2014a, b), Shivarov & Lőkös (2015), Frolov et al. (2016Frolov et al. ( , 2021, Shivarov et al. (2016Shivarov et al. ( , 2017Shivarov et al. ( , 2018Shivarov et al. ( , 2021, Bancheva et al. (2017), Fačkovcová et al. (2017Fačkovcová et al. ( , 2019Fačkovcová et al. ( , 2020, Navarro-Rosinés & Roux (2017, Schultz (2017), Vladimirov et al. (2017a, b), Hafellner (2018), Gärtner et al. (2019), Gyosheva & Stoykov (2019), Voglmayr et al. (2019), Zakeri et al. (2019), Hafellner & Mayrhofer (2020), Kunev et al. (2020), Mayrhofer et al. (2020), Orange (2020), Starosta & Svoboda (2020), Malíček et al. (2021), Apostolova et al. (2022). It is worth noting studies on the Physciaceae (Atanassova & Mayrhofer 2012;Mayrhofer et al. 2020) and the Verrucariaceae (Shivarov 2015) in Bulgaria. ...
A checklist of all taxa of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi recorded from Bulgaria is presented. The lichen biota as currently known includes 1137 taxa (1115 species, 5 subspecies, and 17 varieties) of lichenized fungi, 46 species of lichenicolous fungi, and 28 non-lichenized fungi traditionally included in lichenological literature. Lepra corallina is reported for the first time from Bulgaria. An index of synonyms based on literature records from Bulgaria is appended. It includes 1761 infrageneric names.
... (Voglmayr et al. 2019)Voglmayr, comb. nov. ...
Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is an important crop in Italy, traditionally cultivated in Sicily (southern Italy) for several decades now. In recent years, new orchards have been planted in new areas of the island. Field surveys conducted in 2019 revealed the presence of symptomatic trees showing shoot dieback, cankers, fruit spots, and leaf lesions. Isolations from symptomatic samples consistently yielded fungal species in the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Identification of collected isolates was conducted using morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological characterization was based on conidia measurements of representative isolates and also effects of temperatures on mycelial growth was evaluated. DNA data derived from sequencing the ITS, tef1-α and tub2 gene regions were analyzed via phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood). Results of the analyses confirmed the identity of Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum hellenicum and Neofusicoccum mediterraneum. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached twigs and in the fields both on shoots as well as on fruit clusters using the mycelial plug technique. The inoculation experiments revealed that among the Botryosphaeriaceae species identified in this study N. hellenicum (occasionally detected) and N. mediterraneum were the most aggressive based on lesion length on shoots and fruits. N. mediterraneum was the most widespread among the orchards while B. dothidea can be considered a minor pathogen involved in this complex disease of pistachio. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first report of N. hellenicum in Italy.
... Few and outdated studies have been conducted to investigate pistachio diseases occurring in Italy until the last two years. The most recent studies on pistachio diseases in Italy focused on canker pathogens, including Cytospora pistaciae, Eutypa lata and Liberomyces pistaciae, recently taxonomically reordered as Leptosillia pistaciae (Aiello et al., 2019;Vitale et al., 2018;Voglmayr et al., 2019). Other recent reports in Italy described fruit pathogens, such as Arthrinium xenocordella and Tuberculina persicina Mirabile and Torta, 2020). ...
Septoria leaf spot is one the most widespread disease affecting pistachio (Pistacia vera) in countries of the Mediterranean region. Traditionally, three species have been associated with pistachio, including Septoria pistaciae, Septoria pistaciarum and S. pistacina. However, recent taxonomic studies have reordered and clarified the status of Septoria and septoria-like pathogens affecting pistachio. In our study, field surveys conducted in the traditional Sicilian pistachio production area of Bronte revealed the presence of trees showing characteristic septoria-like leaf spot. Collected isolates were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Morphological characterization was based on conidia measurements and evaluation of mycelial growth on different artificial media. Tested media included CMA, MEA, OA, PDA, and SNA. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on a multi-locus approach (ITS + tef1 + tub2) based on Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood. Results showed that our isolates clustered with S. pistaciarum. Pathogenicity test was conducted in the field using conidia suspensions in order to fulfill Koch's postulates. Presence of characteristic rounded spots and pycnidia was evaluated on the inoculated leaves 9 and 23 days after inoculation. This study represents the first update on S. pistaciarum in Italy since its first identification in 1934.
... However, examination of the literature revealed that a wide range of fungi often occur as endophytes, including lichenicolous fungi (Huang et al. 2018, Moler and Aho 2018, Voglmayr et al. 2019) and insect pathogens (Razinger et al. 2018, Rondot andReineke 2018). We expect that28 . ...
Prairies of the Pacific Northwest are highly threatened, with only ~2% of historic land area remaining. The combined risk of global climate change and land use change make these prairies a high conservation priority. However, little attention has been paid to the microbiota of these systems, including the hyper diverse fungi that live asymptomatically in their leaves, the endophytes. Using culture-free, full-community DNA sequencing, we investigated the diversity, composition, and structure of full fungal foliar endophyte and ecological guild communities in two native, cool-season bunchgrasses along a climate gradient. We quantified the relative importance of host, host fitness, environment, and spatial structuring in microbial community structure. We found markedly different communities between the southern and central-northern sites, suggesting a potential dispersal limitation in the Klamath Mountains. We also found that each host species was home to distinct fungal communities. Climate was the strongest predictor of endophyte community, while fitness (e.g., plant size, reproductive status, density) was less important for community structure. For both host species, seasonality contributed strongly to the variation we observed. At the ecological guild level, saprotrophs tended to decline with latitude, whereas symbiotrophs and pathotrophs both tended to increase with latitude. Our results suggest that climate change will have large consequences for these diverse fungal communities.
