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Fungal hyphae approach but fail to enter the rosette core. a and b Cross sections of a 24-day-old Col-0 plant 10 days post-inoculation of single leaf with B. cinerea expressing a histone1–GFP 10 days post-inoculation. a Bright field image shows brown discoloration of infected leaf petiole tissue as it approaches the rosette core. White dashed line marks edge of the visible lesion. b Confocal image of the petiole–rosette core junction area of tissue shown in a. White dashed line on the left marks the edge of visible lesion. The blue dashed line on the right indicates the termination of the GFP-marked hyphae coming from the infected leaf petiole. The yellow dashed line marks the distal edge of visible autofluorescence. Green signals represent emission wavelength 500–550 nm. Magenta fluorescence is likely chlorophyll fluorescence. Bar = 200 μm. c and d Cross sections of a 24-day-old Col-0 plant 10 days post-inoculation of single leaf with nontransgenic B. cinerea. c Bright field image shows brown discoloration of infected leaf petiole tissue as it approaches the rosette core. White dashed line marks edge of the visible lesion. d Confocal image of the petiole–rosette core junction area of tissue shown in c. White dashed line on the left marks the edge of visible lesion. The yellow dashed line marks the distal edge of visible autofluorescence. Green signals represent emission wavelength 500–550 nm. Magenta fluorescence is likely chlorophyll fluorescence. Bar = 200 μm
Source publication
Main conclusion
Unlike rosette leaves, the mature Arabidopsis rosette core can display full resistance to Botrytis cinerea revealing the importance for spatial and developmental aspects of plant fungal resistance.
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is a model host to investigate plant defense against fungi. However, many of the reports investigating Ar...
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Citations
... They also play a role in the establishment and functioning of abscission zones (Hepworth et al., 2005;Norberg et al., 2005;McKim et al., 2008;Ietswaart et al., 2012;Couzigou et al., 2016;Frankowski et al., 2015;Du et al., 2021), as well as in inflorescence architecture and fruit patterning (Hepworth et al., 2005;Khan et al., 2012a;Xu et al., 2016). In addition, NBCL genes were recently shown to be involved in photo/thermomorphogenesis and root development (Woerlen et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2017) and may help to restrict fungal susceptibility of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) rosette core (Dai et al., 2019). The role of these genes in multiple aspects of development and biotic interactions make them interesting targets for crop improvement. ...
In cultivated grasses, tillering, leaf and inflorescence architecture, as well as abscission ability, are major agronomical traits. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon), NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE (NBCL) genes are essential regulators of vegetative and reproductive development. Grass species usually possess two-to-four NBCL copies and until now a single study in O. sativa showed that the disruption of all NBCL genes strongly altered O. sativa leaf development. To improve our understanding of the role of NBCL genes in grasses, we extended the study of the two NBCL paralogs BdUNICULME4 (CUL4) and BdLAXATUM-A (LAXA) in the non-domesticated grass B. distachyon. For this, we applied reversed genetics and generated original B. distachyon single and double nbcl mutants by CRISPR-Cas9 approaches and genetic crossing between nbcl TILLING mutants. Through the study of original single laxa CRISPR-Cas9 null alleles, we validated functions previously proposed for LAXA in tillering, leaf patterning, inflorescence and flower development and also unveiled roles for these genes in seed yield. Furthermore, the characterization of cul4laxa double mutants revealed essential functions for nbcl genes in B. distachyon development, especially in the regulation of tillering, stem cell elongation and secondary cell wall composition as well as for the transition towards the reproductive phase. Our results also highlight recurrent antagonist interactions between NBCLs occurring in multiple aspects of B. distachyon development.
... Indeed, Wang et al. (2019) found that two genes (VmMYB041 and VmMYB011) help V. montana to resist Fusarium wilt, because VmMYB041 and VmMYB011 showed the trend of rising in M1 and then decreasing, while their corresponding orthologous genes VfMYB029 and VfMYB011 had a trend of decreasing first and then increasing during the infection period . In A. thaliana, Dai et al. (2019) discovered an LRR-RLK gene, At5G05160 from group III, which may contribute to restrict the fungal susceptibility of the rosette core (Dai et al., 2019). ...
... Indeed, Wang et al. (2019) found that two genes (VmMYB041 and VmMYB011) help V. montana to resist Fusarium wilt, because VmMYB041 and VmMYB011 showed the trend of rising in M1 and then decreasing, while their corresponding orthologous genes VfMYB029 and VfMYB011 had a trend of decreasing first and then increasing during the infection period . In A. thaliana, Dai et al. (2019) discovered an LRR-RLK gene, At5G05160 from group III, which may contribute to restrict the fungal susceptibility of the rosette core (Dai et al., 2019). ...
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) are vital for plant growth and development, signal transduction, immunity, and play diverse roles in plant defense responses. However, the LRR-RLK genes have not been systematically studied in Vernicia fordii (tung tree), especially its response to Fusarium wilt. Here, we carried out an integrative analysis of LRR-RLKs among five Euphorbiaceae species: Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), Manihot esculenta (cassava), Jatropha curcas (physic nut), Ricinus communis (castor bean), and V. fordii, which contained 223, 311, 186, 138, and 167 LRR-RLKs, respectively. Maximum-likelihood tree was estimated using LRR-RLKs of Arabidopsis thaliana as a template, and they allowed us to divide Euphorbiaceae LRR-RLKs into 22 groups. There are 126 segmental and 30 tandem duplications in these Euphorbiaceae genomes by synteny analysis. The tissue-specific expression patterns revealed that V. fordii LRR-RLKs (VfLRR-RLKs) were differentially expressed in various tissues, and some of them exhibited specific expression in meristems tissues, which suggested their potential functions during organ formation and cell fate specification. Two VfLRR-RLK pairs (Vf01G2125 and Vf03G1740, Vf06G2687 and Vf10G1659), which generated by tandem duplication events, were associated with possible resistance to Fusarium wilt infection. The qRT-PCR confirmed these four VfLRR-RLKs contained opposite expression profiles during pathogen infection in V. fordii and V. montana. Taken together, our data systematically analyzed the LRR-RLK family in Euphorbiaceae genomes for the first time. We highlight the putative roles of VfLRR-RLKs in response to Fusarium wilt infection, and VfLRR-RLKs may be further applied in marker-assisted breeding to control Fusarium wilt in V. fordii.
The Medicago truncatula NODULE-ROOT, the Arabidopsis thaliana BLADE-ON-PETIOLE, and the Pisum sativum COCHLEATA genes are members of a highly conserved NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE1 (NBCL1) specific clade that belongs to the NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED PROTEIN1 LIKE gene family. In legumes, the members of this NBCL1 clade are known as key regulators of the symbiotic organ identity. The members of the NBCL2 clade (MtNOOT2) also play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the symbiotic nodule identity, redundantly with NBCL1 while without significant phenotype alone. These NBCL plant genes were also shown to be involved in abscission. In addition, NBCL genes are also conserved in monocotyledon plants in which they also control different aspects of development. The present thesis work aims to better understand the roles of the NBCL1 and NBCL2 genes in development in both legume and Brachypodium plants and to discover new molecular actors involved in the NBCL1-dependent regulation of the nodule identity using novel TILLING and Tnt1 insertional mutants in two legume species, Medicago, and Pisum. In addition we used CRISPR knock-out mutations in Brachypodium to better understand their roles in monocotyledon plants. This thesis work unraveled new functions of the NBCL1 genes in plant shoot development and plant architecture. We also revealed that the members of the legume-specific NBCL2 redundantly function with NBCL1 sub-clade and play important roles in leaf, stipule, inflorescence and flower development. In addition we showed a role in nodule development, identity establishment and maintenance, and consequently in the success and efficiency of the symbiotic association. In this thesis, we also explored the roles of the highly conserved NBCL genes, BdUNICULME4 and BdLAXATUM-A, in the development of B. distachyon using double mutants. We confirmed previous results and reveal a new function for these two genes in plant architecture, ligule and inflorescence formation, and also lignin content. This thesis work has finally allowed the identification and the characterization of new mutants for M. truncatula ALOG (Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1) genes. ALOG proteins are potential interacting partners for NBCL. We showed that some ALOG members play important roles in nodule and aerial organ development. Altogether, this thesis work suggests that during evolution, the nodule developmental program was recruited from pre-existing regulatory programs for nodule development and identity.
