Table 5 - uploaded by Robinson Ichakpa Ejilah
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The rapidly depleting conventional crude oil resources and growing environmental concerns has significantly promoted research interest in renewable fuel for internal combustion engines. To this end, this paper presents the results of engine performance characteristics for various blends of diesel fuel and transesterified sheanut oil in a compressio...
Similar publications
In the first phase of investigation standard engine (SE) parameters are modified and optimized as Injector opening pressure (IOP) of 230 bar, Injection timing (IT) of 26.deg.bTDC, Compression ratio (CR) of 18, Nozzle hole (NH) of 5 hole and Piston bowl geometry (PBG) of Re-entrant toroidal piston bowl geometry (RTPBG)) when engine is operated with...
The implementation of nano-particles in various application tremendously rise due to its unique characteristics in enhancing the effectiveness of final products. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of adding 50, 100 and 150 ppm carbon nanotubes in biodiesel blend (B10) on the performance, combustion characteristics and emis...
Non-edible Jojoba biodiesel blended with diesel was tested for use as a substitute fuel for diesel engines. The main objective of this study was to analyse the combustion and emission characteristics of Jojoba biodiesel blends (5%, 10% and 20%) and compare the results with that of standard diesel to identify suitable alternatives. Experiments were...
Diesel engine can be run with renewable biodiesel which has the potential to supplement the receding supply of crude oil. Use of biodiesel in diesel engines can also reduce harmful emissions of CO, unburned HC and particulates. As biodiesel possess similar physiochemical properties to diesel, most diesel engines can be run with biodiesel with minim...
Citations
... This however, emphasized the desirability of running engines at near their maximum power output to expect good return for the burnt fuel. The falling off in thermal efficiency are due to increase mechanical losses in engine relative to useful power output, throttling losses and deterioration in combustion efficiency, and also suggests the influence of biodiesel concentration in the fuel blends on the BTE results [24,[39][40][41]. These unravelled results to large extent corroborates the report of Agarwal [42], and suggested that the thermal efficiency of an engine operating on biodiesel is generally better than that operating on diesel. ...
A TD 110-TD 115 single cylinder four-stroke compression ignition engine test bed, and incorporated with a hy-draulic dynamometer was used to conduct the engine performance analysis to study the influence of marula oil me-thyl ester (MOME)- diesel fuel(DF) on engine performance The engine performance experiments of DF samples and MOME –DF blended fuel samples; B5 (i.e. 5% MOME and 98% Diesel fuel by volumetric proportion), B10, B15, B20, and B25 were conducted in accordance with standardized SAE practice SAE J1312 procedure for four-stroke compression ignition engines (SAE, 1995). The findings of the tests show that: the brake power reached to a maximum at 2000g engine load, and decreases slightly thereafter for all tested fuel samples. The brake power for B5 and B10 fuel samples were observed to be 0.19% and 0.094% higher than DF(2.315 kW), with B15 fuel sample ex-hibiting brake power value similar to DF benchmark, this could be attributed to their comparably higher fuel mass flow rate, better fuel oxygenation, and air-fuel mixtures than DF sample; the minimum brake specific fuel consump-tion (BSFC) values for all tested fuel samples was recorded at the engine load of 2500g, with B5 and B10 fuel sam-ples lower than the DF benchmark (309.10 g/kWh) by 18.7% and 0.16%, thus suggesting a propensity for improved fuel economy on account of their lower fuel consumption patterns, lubricity and higher fuel mass flow rate; the drop in brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) values for B5 (2.75%), B10 (1.95%), B15(1.66%), B20(1.37%), and B25(0.22%) fuel samples were also found to be lower than the DF (13.83MJ/kWhr) benchmark, to further explains the influence of biodiesel proportion in the fuel samples, whose increase lowers the calorific values, air-fuel mix-tures, and consequently raises the densities and viscosities of fuel samples with an adverse effect on fuel atomization and combustion. The combined effects of improved fuel combustion and inherent lubricity of fuel blends enabled B5 (2.68%), B10 (1.91%), B15 (1.53), and B20 (1.15%) fuel samples to exhibit higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) values than B25 (26.1%) and DF (26.1%) samples respectively under similar loading condition. Consequently, the rise in biodiesel proportion in the blends is the culprit for poor fuel atomization and combustion behavior, which in turn serves as a pointer to higher blend viscosities and lower calorific values respectively. It could be seen from foregoing that B5, B10 and B15 MOME-DF blended fuel samples clearly demonstrated superior performance characteristics than conventional diesel fuel, and is therefore suitable for use as fuel, and diesel fuel extender and/or conserver in Nigeria.
Keywords:Marula oil methyl ester, diesel fuel, fuel mixtures, compression ignition engine, performance characteris-tics
... The appreciably higher specific fuel consumption of biogaspetrol blend could also be explained in terms of higher specific gravity, and higher viscosity of petrol which led to higher fuel consumption per unit of power produced. Also, higher fuel viscosity reduces the quality of fuel atomisation and could result in higher gas emission and fuel consumption [Eze and Elijah 2010]. , biogas-petrol blend has a lower ignition temperature, which may hasten engine combustion process and thus makes it have higher thermal efficiency than petrol. ...
... This however emphasised the desirability of running engines at near their maximum power output or speed to expect good return for the burnt fuel. The decrease in thermal efficiency was due to increased mechanical losses in engine relative to useful power output, throttling losses, and deterioration in combustion efficiency [Eze and Elijah 2010]. Generally, it was observed that the two fuels behaved in the same way on the test bed. ...
This research is on the development and testing of a biogas-petrol blend to run a spark ignition engine. A20:80 ratio biogas:petrol blend was developed as an alternative fuel for spark ignition engine test bed. Petrol and biogas-petrol blend were comparatively tested on the test bed to determine the effectiveness of the fuels. The results of the tests showed that biogas– petrol blend generated higher torque, brake power, indicated power, brake thermal efficiency, and brake mean effective pressure but lower fuel consumption and exhaust temperature than petrol. The research concluded that a spark ignition engine powered by biogas-petrol blend was found to be economical, consumed less fuel, and contributes to sanitation and production of fertilizer.
Vitellaria paradoxa oil was transesterified at temperatures between 55 and 75 ̊C, different stirring speeds and for 40 minutes each. The properties of the methyl ester were studied. Rate is first order with respect to methyl ester. The methyl esters were then used with other additives to prepare the drilling muds. The rheological properties of the muds were within the American Petroleum Institute (API) acceptable limits. The total filter volumes are less than 40 cm3 which is the highest volume allowed by API. The filter cakes are between 0.8 and 1.3 cm which fall between the lowest and highest values (0.6 and 2 cm respectively). The muds exhibited flat gel properties which all fall in API’s limits with values of 10/10 and 10/11 82 % oil muds. The 85 % mud exhibited flat gel property of 15/15.
The scarcity of petroleum fuels and pollution concerns has led to the search for alternate fuels. In this investigation, cottonseed and Simarouba oils are transesterified to produce the corresponding biodiesels. The esterification and transesterification were carried out in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst MgPO4. The various properties of biodiesel are determined in the laboratory. Vateria indica is a species endemic to India that belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae family. The oil of Vateria indica is obtained by an aqueous extraction method. This oil is transesterified to obtain the biodiesel by a two-step process of esterification followed by transesterification. This biodiesel is blended with diesel in 10% and 20% volumetric proportions. The cottonseed and Simarouba biodiesels are blended in equal proportions with diesel and tested for performance and exergy analysis along with Vateria indica blends. It is found from performance and exergy analysis that biodiesel blends performed better than diesel.
This research investigates the use of biogas to run a spark ignition petrol engine and test for the engine performance. Conventional spark ignition petrol engine was modified into a dual fuel engine by changing the engine single fuel carburettor to dual fuel carburettor. The air orifice was closed by 50% to enable cooled start with natural biogas as the low calorific value won't facilitate combustion. The speed, torque, and other engine parameters where measured using a TD200 small engine test set (hydraulic brake dynamometer) interface and emissions of SO2, CO were measured using an emissions analyser. The torque, brake power was higher for petrol by 39% than the biogas due to the lower calorific value of biogas. The exhaust temperature, SO2 and CO was 49% lower for the biogas than the petrol. The comparative analysis of the modified engine showed that petrol can be substituted partly with biogas and the engine used for varying applications because it offers window escape on the hydrocarbon reservoir depletion, green gasses emission from the use of these petrol and landfill emission as well.
The challenges of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) shea butter (SB) necessitated this study. The reduction of %FFA of SB by esterification and its subsequent utilization by transesterification for biodiesel production in a two stage process for optimization studies was investigated using response surface methodology based on a central composite design (CCD). Four operating conditions were investigated to reduce the %FFA of SB and increase the %yield of shea biodiesel (SBD). The operating conditions were temperature (40–60°C), agitation speed (200–1400rpm), methanol (MeOH): oil mole ratio: 2:1–6:1 (w/w) for esterification and 4:1–8:1 (w/w) for transesterification and catalyst loading: 1–2% (H2SO4, (v/v) for esterification and KOH, (w/w) for transesterification. The significance of the parameters obtained in linear and non-linear form from the models were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal operating conditions that gave minimum FFA of 0.26% were 52.19°C, 200rpm, 2:1 (w/w) and 1.5% (v/v), while those that gave maximum yield of 92.16% SBD were 40°C, 800rpm, 7:1 (w/w) and 1% (w/w). The p-value of <0.0001 for each of the stages showed that the models were significant with R² of 0.96 each. These results indicate the reproducibility of the models and showed that the RSM is suitable to optimize the esterification and transesterification of SB for SBD production. Therefore, RSM is a useful tool that can be employed in industrial scale production of SBD from high FFA SB.
The major raw materials for production of vegetable oil in the world are sunflower, palm, soya bean, and cotton seeds; however, the usefulness of indigenous and semi-domesticated plants and trees as vegetable oil source is starting to percolate into the awareness and knowledge of agro-foresters, entrepreneurs, and the public. The shea butter tree is indigenous to the wild and dry savannah belt of West Africa from Senegal in the west to Sudan in the east and grows onto the foothills of the Ethiopian highlands. Shea butter, which is the fat extracted from the seeds of the shea tree fruits, is becoming increasingly popular as a component of cosmetic formulations, in addition to its longstanding use as a cocoa butter substitute in the chocolate industry. The predominated fatty acids in shea butter are oleic and stearic acid; however, only the hard fraction is useful to the chocolate industry. Due to its chemical and physical properties, shea butter is an excellent cocoa butter equivalent and improver, which helps in achieving the desirable organoleptic characteristics of the chocolate. Moreover, the high levels of antioxidants in shea butter may impede rancidity and confer more stability to confectionary products.
