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This study develops a framework to optimize bus assignments and operating practices to routes considering both operating costs and environmental goals. The mixed-integer programming model is applied to the Metro Transit bus system in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. The model is used to derive representative solutions on the efficient fr...
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We introduce an interesting and challenging routing and scheduling problem arising in the city operations of SF Express, a large package express carrier in China. Vehicles execute multiple trips during a planning horizon spanning multiple shifts, where a trip can involve deliveries only, pickups only, or deliveries followed by pickups. Complicating...
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... For bike-sharing systems, Gámez-Pérez et al. [131], in a network design problem, aimed at determining the number and location of stations and Wu et al. [102] focused on creating a bike rebalancing scheduling plan using EVs. For buses, studies applied optimisation to design the main powertrain components of electric buses (fuel cell, electric motor, and battery) [120,129], for locating charging facilities [36,39,133], for network design (routes) and frequencies setting [56,57,81,118], fleet composition [81,122], and vehicle scheduling [81,119,123,132]. In rail systems, studies sought to determine station location [144] and to elaborate a dynamic operation plan for a ventilation control system in metro stations [138]. ...
... This is the author's version which has not been fully edited and portation utility [87]. As in the previous subsection, costs may represent operation [102,132], operators' [57,81], users' [81,143], agency's [143], transportation/travel [48,55,140], vehicle [120], external [57], generalised [55,87,133,145] or life cycle [36,114,122] costs. Also, some authors considered sustainability through emissions costs [102,145]. ...
... At last, one important aspect is which emissions were considered in the reviewed studies. Authors have included carbon [87,102], carbon monoxide (CO) [40-43, 48, 55, 61, 118, 122, 123, 145], carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [41,55,56,61,66,81,122,123,131,132,137,[139][140][141][142], GHG/CO 2 equivalent [36,114,119,120,129,133,135,143,144,146], generic nitrogen oxide pollutants (NO x ) [42,44,49,61,122,123,132,145], hydrocarbons (HC) [42,61,123,145], methane [61], sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) [122], diesel exhaust emissions [57], and particulate matter (PM [123,132], PM 2.5 [39,119,122] and PM 10 [122,138]). More details of the studies presented in this subsection can also be found in the supplementary material. ...
Climate change is currently the biggest environmental threat, being the cities responsible for a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. In this sense, the transport sector is among the main causes for both emissions and the depletion of non-renewable resources. Considering this scenario, there is an appeal to build more accessible, smart, sustainable and energy-efficient cities, promoting energy transition in urban systems and increasing the quality of urban life. This review aims to analyse transport and urban mobility studies that employ optimisation techniques to achieve environmental, sustainability or climate change mitigation goals. After an overview regarding modelling aspects of how such goals were addressed, the nature of the objective functions, the perspectives considered, and the network application, such studies were classified into five areas and further detailed. The areas comprise: (i) planning and policy-making; (ii) environmental variables; (iii) demand and traffic management; (iv) technology and energy; and (v) non-spatial measures. In this sense, future research directions should include optimisation models that consider the social aspects of transport and the interests of passengers, operators and the community simultaneously, improve the modelling of environmental impacts to increase its robustness, and deal with large network problems.
... Urbanization and agglomeration processes are accompanied by increased growth in transport infrastructure. [1,2] Transport problems remain the most significant for megacities and urban agglomeration. [3] Transport is essential for the economic development of megacities, along with the social and economic well-being of the population. ...
... According to the latest available data, the annual growth rate of CO 2 emissions in the transport sector is 3.4%. [1] The consequences of human impact on the environment are forecasted to intensify from 21% in 2015 to 47% in 2050. [2] Employing private cars for traveling through megacities leads to congestion and the collapse of the transport network. ...
... Besides, huge amounts of carbon dioxide are known to be allocated when generating electric power on thermal power plants. [1] Also, new concepts of factors connection of transport system in large cities require thorough estimation. The databases of the monitoring systems also need updating. ...
The paper presents the results of the study on the transport systems in metropolises by stating the interdisciplinary problems and prospects of applying the environmental and economic approach to the optimization of transport communication in megacities. The main problems of transport communications in large cities have been considered. The world experience in managing transport systems is analyzed. Priority directions for the implementation of environmental and economic tasks of transport industry management using the economic and mathematical approach have been established. It has been established that the performance indicators of the functioning of the megalopolis transport system depend on the work of the service provider. The most effective solution is to ensure that vehicles are working properly, that the vehicles are fully loaded and that they are on schedule. Performance indicators of the functioning of the megalopolis transport system on the part of the consumer of services: the coefficient of determination was 0.9493, the static probability p = 0.2067 standard deviation was 7.9428, the variance did not exceed 0.1015. The correlation of actual and planned results exceeded r²>0.7051; and was described by the equation y = 1.6746 + 0.844x. Logistic models for performance improvement of the transportation system were offered.
... These facts obviously hinder country's investment attractiveness, ease of doing business and free market concept. Lack of investments flow seriously damages growth potential compared to the level a country could reach, had there been a lower level of corruption (Chiabaut and Barcet, 2019;Nguyen et al., 2019;Bešinović and Goverde, 2019;Enayatollahi et al., 2019;Mohri and Akbarzadeh, 2019;Sun and Apland, 2019;Jevinger and Persson, 2019;Czioska et al., 2019). ...
The paper is devoted to modelling the corruption perception index in panel data framework. As corruption index is bounded from below and above, traditional econometric multiple regression will produce a bad quality model. In order to correct that, we propose a mathematical framework for modelling bounded variables implementing a logistic function. It is shown that corruption is best explained by GDP per capita and all other major macroeconomic indicators cannot add any statistically significant improvement to the models’ accuracy. Thus, we assume, that society wealthiness facilitates the reduction of corruption acts. Indeed, if some individual lives in a society that does not experiences almost any shortage of resources of whatever kind, the less interested this person is in getting wealthier by applying some corruption schemes. These methods are rather popular in less wealthy countries, where temptation to engage into corruption is higher, since it can drastically increase individual’s utility function. Therefore, in this research we assert, that the growth of wealth in a society makes corruption recede and not the other way around (reducing corruption helps increase GDP per capita). However, the most counterintuitive finding of this research is the fact, that GDP per capita, adjusted by purchasing power parity, produces the model of a worse quality then just using plain GDP per capita. This fact can be tentatively explained by the flaws in the methodology of calculating these adjustments, since the basket of goods varies drastically across the countries.
... Surveys are recognized as an effective source of alternative information on the behavior of the economic system at short-term time intervals, for example, in public transportation (Chiabaut and Barcet, 2019;Nguyen et al., 2019;Bešinović and Goverde, 2019;Enayatollahi et al., 2019;Mohri and Akbarzadeh, 2019;Sun and Apland, 2019;Jevinger and Persson, 2019;Czioska et al., 2019;Heyken Soares et al, 2019;Habib and Hasnine, 2019;Malucelli and Tresoldi, 2019;Downward et al., 2019;Candelieri et al., 2019). ...
This article analyses the relationship between Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance indicators: EBITDA, Emissions Score, Resource Use Score, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Score, Environmental Innovation Score, Product Responsibility Score, CSR Strategy Score, Management Score, Shareholders Score. The paper develops the 3-overlapping-circles sustainability model in the context of CSR performance indicators. The data in this study represents scores of 34 major Russian companies, which operate domestically and abroad, in particular, in developing regions like Africa. The mathematical methods like regression has approved the link between environmental innovations and ESG level. It is the first empirical research using this approach for analysis of CSR performance indicators in Russia, because the same data was unavailable before. The paper suggests that environmental innovations and ESG level is linked to Russian largest companies. If business is stimulated towards environmental innovations and R&D. It gives more projects and make the ESG level higher. Paper proposes the concept of TBL in Russian companies for increasing level of ESG and business performance (EBITDA). Understanding how 3-overlapping-circles model implementation can improve CSR performance indicators is a significant question. In addition, we analyzed regression of CSR performance indicators in 2018 year for Russian large companies to find the optimal solution.
Pollution has taken a big toll on the environment. It touched the air that causes health diseases for living things, including humans. Among the transportation problems, especially the routing problems, vehicles are responsible for the pollutants' emissions, such as NOx and PM. Plus, CO2 vehicle emissions result in an increase in global warming. This research presents the development of the bi-objective eco-routing problem with constraints that optimize the tradeoff between the total gaze emissions and the total travel distance and proposes an UNSGA-II approach to solve it. The objective is to study the performance of the proposed method under a fixed and variable speed environment and its impact on the emission gazes and distance. Experiments show that the UNSGA-II offers a promising solution, ensures the best set of distribution routes with minimum emissions can be achieved under varying speeds, and the initialization algorithm accelerates its convergence and guarantees population diversity.
This article aims to analyze the relationship between the threat of ransomware and new effective counteraction principles for law enforcement agencies to utilize. Moreover, it contemplates on how specific behavior of persons can help reduce the threat of being infected with this malicious software. It establishes that certain changes made in society’s mentality towards their computer and network systems can significantly reduce the consequent damages of ransomware attacks. The manuscript uses a qualitative research approach and the analysis of variance (ANOVA), including an F-test, which defines major challenges in ransomware. This is the first empirical research piece which uses this type of data and approach for the analysis of current threats in global ransomware security. The article suggests that the main challenge is the systematic growth of ransomware connected to illegal businesses and the inattentive actions of casual users. The research paper proposes the implementation of global ransomware counteraction principles on the base of challenges that are present now and the prospects of rising threats in the future. In addition, the manuscript analyzes the trends of the last 2-years of attacks to find and determine new ways of successfully counteracting it for optimal innovative regional development. © 2020 by author(s) and VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center.
