Fig 2-
Source publication
Abstract
Fungi of the Pycnoporus are efficient degraders of lignocellulosic materials, so they are
classified as white-rot fungi. A distinctive feature is its color ranging from orange to bright red,
attributed to cinnabarin, cinnabarinic acid and tramesanguin mainly, compounds to which have
been attributed some biological activities. This review u...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... sometimes in a reticulate pattern, with or without weakly ridged areas, acute margin, smooth to thin wavy, sterile. Context of 10-15 mm, tough and fibrous, usually the color is more persistent in degraded specimens. Hymenophore with pores, coral color to red; angular pores (2-3 per mm); concolor tubes to the pileus when young of up to 7 mm depth (Fig. 2). It grows on dead wood, preferably on Betula, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Malus, Populus, Prunus, Quercus y Salix, causing white rot. Macro-chemical reactions: By adding KOH, the colour quickly changes to black in all its ...
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Background
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Citations
... Pycnoporus is akin to the genus Trametes with respect to all its morphological characteristics if one excludes the intense bright orange-red color of its basidiocarp [12]. This color is caused by several phenoxazine-3-one pigments, including cinnabarinic acid [9,13]. The genus Pycnoporus is made up of 4 widely distributed species: P. coccineus (Fr.) ...
... Pycnoporus spp. have been described for their capacity to synthesize high-valueadded substances, including antioxidants, antibiotics, flavorings, and antivirals [9,20,21]. Recently, a Pycnoporus sanguineus SYBC-L7 variant was discovered, in which its pigments, composed of cinnabarinic acid, tramesanguine, and 2-amino-9-formylphenoxazone-1carbonic acid, showed significant antibacterial action against several species, mainly Gram-positive ones [22]. ...
... As spending on culture media is considered one of the main determinants of high enzyme production costs [24], SSF has been considered a cheaper alternative to submerged processes as it allows the use of organic ma er available Pycnoporus spp. have been described for their capacity to synthesize high-value-added substances, including antioxidants, antibiotics, flavorings, and antivirals [9,20,21]. Recently, a Pycnoporus sanguineus SYBC-L7 variant was discovered, in which its pigments, composed of cinnabarinic acid, tramesanguine, and 2-amino-9-formylphenoxazone-1-carbonic acid, showed significant antibacterial action against several species, mainly Gram-positive ones [22]. ...
Substantial amounts of organo-pollutants, often persistent and toxic, are generated globally each year, posing a threat to soil, water, groundwater, and air. The pollutants encompass a wide range of substances from various sources, which include solid as well as liquid ones, such as landfill leachates and wastewaters. The compounds include paper and pulp mill byproducts, pharmaceuticals, diverse types of plastics, hydrocarbons, pigments, and dyes, as well as pesticides and insecticides. Fungal bioremediation stands out as a promising technology that uses the metabolic potential of fungi to eliminate or mitigate the impact of pollutants. Notably, species of the genus Pycnoporus exhibit significant capabilities for degrading a broad spectrum of toxic molecules. This degradation is facilitated by released ligninolytic enzymes, especially laccase, and cellular enzymes pertaining to the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. The laccase, which is overproduced by the genus Pycnoporus, is quite remarkable for its high redox potential. The objective of this review is to highlight the proficiency of the Pycnoporus genus in the degradation of pollutants in submerged and solid-state fermentation. Recent studies conducted over the past decade consistently highlight the Pycnoporus genus as a robust contender in the realm of white biotechnology.
... Pycnoporus (Basidiomycota, Polyporaceae) is a genus of bracket fungi forming bright vermilion, console-shaped annual fruiting bodies on dead wood. The main pigment of these conspicuously colored fruiting bodies is cinnabarin, an amino substituted phenoxazine-3-one derivative [15]. Cinnabarin is known for its bactericidal or bacteriostatic [16,17], antiviral [18], and antitumor effects [19]. ...
... MS data (range 100-1000 m/z) were recorded from 0 to 16 min with a resolution of 60 000 FWHM for MS1. Data-dependent experiments were conducted with stepped collision energies (15,30, and 45 eV) at a resolution of 15 000 FWHM. The number of dependent scans was set to 3. The following selection of filters was employed: intensity threshold filter (5.0E5), dynamic exclusion (parent ions were placed in the exclusion list for 2 s after detection), isotope exclusion, charge state, and apex filter. ...
... The unusually high temperature optimum for growth and the thermotolerance up to 42 °C could be an adaptation to the typical habitat of these fungi: the fruiting body formation of P. cinnabarinus often occurs in particularly sunny places on warm and lightexposed deadwood. P. cinnabarinus is widespread on hardwood in Central and Southern Europe, but comparatively rare in Northern Europe [15]. ...
Background
The demand for natural pigments in general, and for fungi-derived pigments in particular, is constantly rising. Wood-decomposing fungi represent a promising source for natural pigments and they are usually easy to cultivate in pure culture. One of them, i.e., Pycnoporus cinnabarinus , offers a highly interesting spectrum of bioactivity, partly due to the formation of the orange–red pigment cinnabarin. However, apart from a few studies addressing its diverse potential biotechnological applications, there is still a large gap of knowledge concerning the influence of light on the formation of cinnabarin. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different irradiations on the cinnabarin content, the growth, and the morphology of three different P. cinnabarinus strains. We used highly standardized irradiation conditions and cultivation techniques in combination with newly developed methods for the extraction and direct quantification of cinnabarin.
Results
Red, green, blue, and UV-A irradiation (mean irradiance E e = 1.5 ± 0.18 W m ⁻² ) had considerable effects on the growth and colony appearance of all three P. cinnabarinus strains tested. The cinnabarin content determined was, thus, dependent on the irradiation wavelength applied, allowing strain-specific thresholds to be defined. Irradiation with wavelengths below this strain-specific threshold corresponded to a lower cinnabarin content, at least at the intensity applied. The orange–red pigment appeared by light microscopy as incrusted extracellular plaques present on the hyphal walls. Highly efficient vegetative propagation occurred by arthroconidia, and we observed the tendency that this asexual reproduction was (i) most frequent in the dark but (ii) never occurred under UV-A exposure.
Conclusion
This study highlights a differential photo-dependence of growth, morphology, and cinnabarin formation in P. cinnabarinus . This confirms that it is advisable to consider the wavelength of the light used in future biotechnological productions of natural pigments.
Graphical abstract
... Pycnoporus sanguineus hay còn gọi là nấm Vân chi đỏ ở Việt Nam được xếp vào họ Polyoiraceae, về mặt hình thái là loại nấm mũ, có vân màu đỏ cam đặc trưng [1]. Được mô tả là loài nấm phân hủy gỗ Pycnoporus sanguineus thường được tìm thấy dễ dàng ở các thân cây gỗ mục [2]. Ngoài ra, loại nấm này còn được dùng để điều trị bệnh bạch huyết, viêm gan mạn tính, viêm nhánh khí quản mạn tính, suy giảm hệ miễn dịch [3]. ...
Đặt vấn đề: Dược liệu nấm Vân chi đỏ có dược tính rất cao là một trong 25 loài nấm chính trên thế giới được nhiều người sử dụng ưa chuộng. Là loài nấm giàu các hoạt chất có hoạt tính sinh học như flavonoid, polyphenol, saponin. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay vẫn chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu về dược lý của loại nấm này. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tác dụng bảo vệ gan của cao chiết quả thể nấm Vân chi đỏ (Pycnoporus sanguineus) với mô hình gây tổn thương gan bằng carbon tetrachlorid. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Cao chiết nấm Vân chi đỏ (Pycnoporus sanguineus MH225776). Khảo sát tác dụng dược lý bảo vệ gan trên mô hình gây tổn thương gan chuột bằng CCl4. Kết quả: Trong mô hình thực nghiệm, cao chiết quả thể nấm Vân chi đỏ có tác dụng trong bảo vệ gan gây độc mạn tính bằng CCl4. Kết luận: Ở liều 500mg/kg và 1000mg/kg cao chiết quả thể nấm Vân chi đỏ có tác dụng hỗ trợ bảo vệ gan trong mô hình gây độc mạn tính bằng CCl4 trên chuột nhắt trắng.
... Consequently, they play a vital role in the majority of biological systems' nutrient recycling processes. Moreover, certain polypores are commercially valuable forest pathogens and medicinal mushrooms (Bains et al. 2021) and considerably contribute to biotechnological processes (Téllez-Téllez et al. 2016). These results have been reported in Biotechnology and Bioengineering. ...
The Turkey Tail mushroom, also known scientifically as Trametes versicolor, is a type of polypore medicinal fungus that may be found growing on tree trunks worldwide. Even though T. versicolor is one of the white-rot fungi studied the most extensively, the commercial applications of this fungus and its metabolic products are still in their infancy. The industrial application of T. versicolor is the focus of this study. The main goal is to demonstrate both the opportunities and the challenges associated with this application, including the fundamentals of a circular bio-economy. The utilization of this fungus can make a considerable contribution toward the starting stages of the valorization of lignocellulosic waste biomass and industrial lignocellulose wastes. This chapter also focuses on the various approaches that can be taken in order to cultivate T. versicolor, as well as their enzyme production and biotransformation processes for the manufacture of food and feed, the handling of wastewater, and the production of biofuel, with an emphasis on the obstacles that can be encountered and the potential avenues that can be pursued.
... have antiplatelet, anticoagulant (Poniedziałek et al. 2019), anti-glioma (Nowakowski et al. 2021), antidiabetic, antioxidant (Ratnaningtyas et al. 2022) activities, and can relieve alcohol-induced liver injury (Zhao et al. 2018), inhibit adipocyte differentiation (Park et al. 2014), and reduce the incidence of chronic inflammatory disorders (Van de velde et al. 2015). Studies have shown that of the pigments of Pycnoporus strains; cinnabarin, cinnabarinic acid, and tramesanguin are the main components, have anti-inflammatory activity and can poison cancer cells, Aedes, Anopheles larvae (Tellez-Tellez et al. 2016), and Diatraea magnifactella (Díaz-Godínez et al. 2016). The secondary metabolites of Phallaceae have anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, and anticancer activity, as well as α-glucosidase inhibitory potential (Ker et al. 2011, Chaiyama et al. 2020, Lee et al. 2020, Jianhua et al. 2022. ...
Traditional chemical pesticides pose potential threats to human health, the environment, and food safety, and there is an urgent need to develop botanical pesticides that are easily degradable, renewable, and environmentally compatible. This research serves to detect the lethal impacts of Amanita pantherina(DC.:Fr) Schrmm.(Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita), Amanita virgineoides Bas (Agaricales, Amanitaceae, Amanita), Coprinus comatus (O.F.Müll.) Pers. (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae, Coprinus), Pycnoporus cinnabarinus(Jacq.:Fr) Karst (Polyporales, Polyporaceae, Polyporus) and Phallus rubicundus (Bosc) Fr. (Phallales, Phallaceae, Phallus) on Drosophila melanogaster(Diptera, Drosophilidae, Drosophila), including their effects on lifespan, fecundity, offspring growth and developmental characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, peroxide content, and the gene transcription associated with signaling pathways and lifespan of D. melanogaster. The results demonstrated that they all produced lethal effects on D. melanogaster. Female flies were more sensitive to the addition of macrofungi to their diet and have a shorter survival time than male flies. The toxic activity of A. pantherina-supplemented diet was the strongest, so that the D. melanogaster in this group had no offspring. The macrofungal-supplemented diets were able to significantly reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes, accumulate peroxidation products, up-regulatd the transcription of genes related to signaling pathways, inhibit the expression of longevity genes, reduce the lifespan and fertility of D. melanogaster. Consequently, we hypothetically suggest that medicinal C. comatus, P. cinnabarinus and P. rubicundus hold the potential to be developed into an environmentally friendly biopesticide for fly killing.
... (Meruvu and dos Santos, 2021), Pycnoporus sp. (Tellez-Tellez et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2019), Rhodotorula sp., and Bacillus sp. (Usmani et al., 2020). ...
... (Usmani et al., 2020). Among them, Pycnoporus genus is a white-rot fungus, listed as foodand cosmetic-grade microorganism, and one of the promising organisms for the development of natural pigments (Lomascolo et al., 2011;Tellez-Tellez et al., 2016). It has been reported that the major Pycnoporus pigments (cinnabarin, cinnabarinic acid, and tramesanguin), possessing antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, are derived from a phenoxazine-3-one type structure, which is the central core of many natural active compounds (Tellez-Tellez et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2019). ...
... Among them, Pycnoporus genus is a white-rot fungus, listed as foodand cosmetic-grade microorganism, and one of the promising organisms for the development of natural pigments (Lomascolo et al., 2011;Tellez-Tellez et al., 2016). It has been reported that the major Pycnoporus pigments (cinnabarin, cinnabarinic acid, and tramesanguin), possessing antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, are derived from a phenoxazine-3-one type structure, which is the central core of many natural active compounds (Tellez-Tellez et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2019). Furthermore, Pycnoporus strains also can produce various useful enzymes for industry, including hydrolases and oxidases mainly laccases, which make them easier to use agroindustrial wastes (Tellez-Tellez et al., 2016). ...
Natural pigments are playing important roles in our daily lives. They not only make products colorful but also provide various health benefits for humans. In addition, Pycnoporus genus, listed as food- and cosmetic-grade microorganism, is one of the promising organisms for developing natural pigments. In this study, a new fungal strain with high efficiency in producing intense orange pigments was isolated and identified as Pycnoporus sanguineus SYBC-L7. Different agro-industrial wastes were applied to evaluate the growth and pigment production of strain SYBC-L7. SYBC-L7 can grow rapidly and effectively produce pigments using wood chips as substrate in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Culture conditions were also optimized for value-added pigments production and the optimum production conditions were glucose as carbon source, ammonium tartrate as nitrogen source, initial pH 6.0, and relative humidity of 65%. Pigment components, cinnabarinic acid, tramesanguin, and 2-amino-9-formylphenoxazone-1-carbonic acid were confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, an agar plate diffusion assay was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the pigment. These pigments showed more significant inhibition of Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that Pycnoporus sanguineus SYBC-L7 was able to cost-effectively produce intense natural orange pigments with antibacterial activity in SSF, which is the basis of their large-scale production and application.
... Pycnoporus sanguineus is a fungus of the phylum Basidiomycota, usually found on dead trees in mild climate regions or in tropical forests; its basidiocarp is orange-colored to red, and forms horizontally on the stems of trees (TÉLLEZ-TÉLLEZ et al., 2016). ...
Basidiomycete fungi that decompose wood produce substances with promising biological activity for the alternative control of plant diseases. The production of these substances can change according to the climatic conditions and the substrate used for fungal cultivation. The objective of this study was to develop a substrate with sawdust from Eucalyptus sp. and to verify its influence on biomass and cinnabarin production by Pycnoporus sanguineus. Sawdust was used in two particle sizes: less than 500 microns (G1) and between 500–841 microns (G2). Four isolates of P. sanguineus were plated on Petri dishes containing potato broth and agar media added with 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15% sawdust for each particle size. The largest final diameter of the colony and speed of mycelial growth were observed in the substrate with G1 particle size, with the Ps14 isolate showing the highest averages. For these variables, the sawdust concentration did not influence G1 granulometry and provided the highest values in G2 granulometry. Fresh mycelium mass and cinnabarin production showed the highest values in G2, with the isolated Ps13 and Ps08 showing the highest averages, whereas in G1, Ps14 had the best performance for the analyzed variables. These results indicate that sawdust from Eucalyptus sp., at concentrations of 10% and 15%, is an alternative for the in vitro cultivation of P. sanguineus, and that particle size influences the growth speed, fresh mass production, and cinnabarin content.
Keywords
Basidiomycetes; Fungal growth; Cinnabarin
... This mushroom produces bright red colour pigments, which are deposited in the fruiting bodies. Few other species of Trametes including T. sanguinea, T. cinnabarina, and T. punicea also produce this type of pigments (Eggert 1997) (Téllez-Téllez et al. 2016). Few studies have characterized the pigments from T. cinnabarina (synonym. ...
... P. cinnabarinus) for their bioactive properties including the antibacterial activity. Cinnabarinic acid, cinnabarin, tramesanguine, and few other phenoxazinone derivatives were characterized as bioactive metabolites of T. cinabarina and T. sanguinea (Sullivan and Henry 1971;Eggert et al. 1996;Téllez-Téllez et al. 2016). However, scarce information is available for bioactive properties of metabolites isolated from T. coccinea. ...
... The pigments of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus has been reported to contain a major bioactive compound called as cinnabarinic acid, along with few analogues of this compound (Eggert et al. 1995;Eggert 1997). Cinnabarinic acid is a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, which derives from two molecules of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid through a condensation reaction (Fazio et al. 2012;Téllez-Téllez et al. 2016). Laccase-mediated production of the red pigments by mycelial cultures of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus has been established earlier (Eggert et al. 1995). ...
Wild mushrooms are rich sources of natural compounds with potent bioactive properties. Several important metabolites have been reported from mushrooms, which possess clinically important bioactive properties like antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activity. In this study, we have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Trametes coccinea fruiting body extracts against different bacterial isolates, viz., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. Fruiting bodies of three T. coccinea samples, of which two were collected from Santipur, Arunachal Pradesh and one collected from Jorhat, Assam, were used for extraction using methanol. The extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against all the test bacteria. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli was recorded as 400 µg/ml, 400 µg/ml, and 300 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds of the extract were separated and detected using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Presence of cinnabarinic acid (CBA)—a potent antimicrobial compound- was detected in TLC, which was further confirmed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Cinnabarinic acid was able to inhibit the formation of biofilms in Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus, suggesting that the compound can be beneficial in the management of biofilm-based antimicrobial resistance.
... The production of this antibiotic occurs at days 18-22 of fungal growth. Synthesis of cinnabarin is increased at a slightly alkaline pH (6.0) and 28 • C [12]. ...
Citation: Romero-Arenas, O.; Jara y Rivera, A.P.; Valencia de Ita, M..A.; Lezama, C.P.; Villa-Ruano, N.; Rivera, A. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnabarin on Xanthomonas campestris Abstract: Phaseolus vulgaris is the most legume cultivated in the world; in Mexico, it is considered the second most important crop after corn. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of Xanthomonas campestris strain "Xcf1-APJR" isolated from the leaves of bean crops, and determine the antimicrobial activity of cinnabarin on this strain. Bacterial cultures were obtained from leaves with necrotic leaf spot symptoms of bean plant variety "Flor de Mayo M38" in Puebla, Mexico. The antimicrobial activity of cinnabarin was tested at 7, 14 and 21 days on X. campestris pv. campestris. The Xcf1-APJR strain showed 100% identity with X. campestris pv. campestris as a causal agent of necrotic leaf spot. Treatment with a potato dextrose medium with a dehydrated sugar cane (PDA+C) showed a higher orange pigmentation than the other treatments after 7, 14 and 21 days of incubation and a higher concentration of cinnabarin (54.33 InU/g) with in vitro antimicrobial activity against X. campestris pv. campestris.
... Jamur ini memiliki persebaran yang luas mulai dari daerah temperate hingga tropis dan memiliki tubuh buah yang mampu bertahan sepanjang tahun (Téllez-Téllez, 2016 (Fazio et al. 2012;Couturier et al. 2015). Karena warnanya yang cerah dan mudah luntur ketika tersentuh atau terpapar air, penulis meyakini bahwa jamur ini berpotensi sebagai salah satu sumber alternatif pewarna alami. ...
Fungi are knownto have both broad distribution and ecological range. The diversity of wild mushrooms which distributed around the residence area are rarely been reported previously in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to increase the collection data of the diversity of wild macrofungi in places that intersect with the anthropogenic activities. Observations were conducted usingopportunistic sampling method. The identification of mushrooms was carried out using several identification keys. A total of 10 mushrooms were identified and described in this study. All these fungi are members of the phylum of Basidiomycota which is divided into 5 orders and 8 families. These fungi are: Leucoagaricus sp., Marasmiellus sp., Coprinellus sp., Psathyrella sp., Schizophyllum sp., Auricularia sp., Phallus indusiatus, Phallus cf. multicolor, Pycnoporus cf. sanguineus, and Dacryopinax spathularia. Some mushrooms are known to have potential as food, medicinal, and natural dyes.
