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Fresh basidiomata of Microporus vernicipes (a-b). Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographed by K. Acharya. Hyphal system trimitic. Generative hyphae hyaline, interwoven, thin walled, 1.79-3.94 µm wide, clamped at septa, branched. Skeletal hyphae dominant, interwoven, hyaline, thick walled, 3.58-6.44 µm wide. Binding hyphae solid, interwoven, highly branched, hyaline, 1.79-3.58 µm wide. Cystidiole hyaline, mucronate, thin walled, 7.16-11.09 × 3.58-5.01 µm in diameter. Coralloid Dichohyphidial element present within the dissepiments and projecting into the pore mouth, hyaline, highly branched, 1.79-4.29 µm wide. Basidium clavate, hyaline, thin walled, sterigmata-4, 7.5213.25×3.58-5.01 µm in diameter. Basidiospores cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, 4.29-5.336.09(-6.8)×1.79-2.03-2.86 µm, Q= 1.71-3.4, Qm=2.67.
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This new series of macrofungal diversity of West Bengal presents six Aphyllophorales taxa herein. Detailed macro and micro-morphological descriptions are given for each species. Species described in the present study includes Phellinus adamantinus (Berk.) Ryvarden, Pyrofomes albomarginatus (Zipp. ex Lév.) Ryvarden, Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kun...
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Citations
... In forest ecosystems, biological diversity is caused by the vital activity of many organisms, including macromycetes [14,15,16]. They are widespread in nature and are a permanent component of biogeocenoses [17,18]. ...
The study and conservation of biodiversity is one of the global problems of modern biology, since at present in many regions of the planet there is a decrease in the species composition of various organisms, including fungi. The information obtained makes a significant contribution to the knowledge of the diversity of macromycetes of oak forests in the middle reaches of the Ural River, information about which in Kazakhstan is still insufficient and fragmented. The article presents data on the biodiversity of the mycobiota of oak forests of the Urals valley, growing not only in the floodplain of the river, but also in beams, that is, the ravine forests flowing into the central floodplain. We have registered 31 species belonging to 23 genera, 17 families and five orders. The leading families are Polyporaceae, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, Amanitaceae. As a result of our research, it has been found that the mycological composition in ravine oak forests is richer than in floodplain oak forests. The richness of the species composition of macromycetes appears to have been influenced by well-defined associations in ravine oak forests (22 associations), represented by forest boreal tree-shrub species absent in floodplain oak forests, as well as favorable microclimatic conditions, relief, soil cover and various ecotopes that are not observed in floodplain oak forests (16 associations). Ecological-trophic analysis showed a predominance of mycorrhizal (45.1%) and xylotrophs (41.9%) over humus saprotrophs (12.9%). The considered taxonomic composition of macromycetes of the studied area is collected, identified and presented for the first time for this region. Key words: mycobiota, macromycetes, oak forest, Ural river, biodiversity.
Mushroom mycoflora belong to kingdom Mycota (Fungi), which harbors the most diverse group of organisms after insects on earth. Since the beginning of time, macrofungi have drawn the attention of humans due to their peculiar and startling characteristics, such as their varied color, form, and size as well as the existence of gills and pores. Macrofungi also shows great diversity in their inhabiting behaviors encompassing saprobic and parasitic. In the present study, diversity of wood inhabiting macrofungi was surveyed in study area (Ayodhya). Findings exposed a total number of 30 macrofungal species belonging to 14 families. Morphological, microscopic, and macroscopic characters were recorded. Wood inhabiting macrofungi play important role in the biogeochemical cycle of ecosystems. It helps degrade the ligno-cellulosic waste materials and release nutrient back into the ecosystem. In addition to softening wood tissues, the degradation process of wood-growing macrofungi demonstrates collaboration with other microorganisms .
West Bengal, a phytogeographically unique state in India, is extended from Himalayas in north to Bay of Bengal in south facilitating natural growth of a variety of macrofungi. Many of these myco-resources have a long history of appreciation as functional culinary delicacies and medicine. Despite that, research on them is still lacking motivating us to convey a well-organized study on wild mushrooms not only to save our forefather's wisdom but also to promote rural economy. The endurance of past two decades has
contributed 26 species new to science based on morphological analysis, anatomical features, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic position. The research was further extended to determine nutritional values of collected specimens where they appeared as potent functional food with high content of carbohydrate, protein, fiber and low level of fat. Multitudinous studies focusing on therapeutic benefits have also been carried out including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, cardio-protective, anti-parasitic, antiulcer,
hepato-protective, hypo-glycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and immune-stimulation effects. Based on the outcome, pure components have been isolated from some promising taxa underlying mechanism of action. The journey is in continuation with an aim to represent mushrooms of West Bengal as promising resource for food and pharmaceutical industries.
Among the macrofungal specimens collected from various ecological regions of West Bengal, six basidiomycetous group of gilled species under six genera (Lentinula, Amanita, Asterophora, Lepista, Hypholoma and Psilocybe), three basidiomycetous group of poroid species under three genera (Trametes, Hymenochaete and Fistulina) and two ascomycetous group of species having stromata under two genera (Hypocrea and Poronia) have been identified through macro and micro morphological investigation. Out of these, one species (Hypocrea aureoviridis Plowr. & Cooke) is reported for the first time in India and six species [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Amanita griseofolia Zhu L. Yang, Asterophora lycoperdoides (Bull.) Ditmar, Hypholoma subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Dennis, Psilocybe semilanceata (Fr.) P. Kumm. and Poronia pileiformis (Bark.) Fr.] are reported for the first time from West Bengal. All the eleven species are detailly described with elaborated illustrations, photographs and necessary taxonomic notes for easy identification.
Keywords: Ascomycetes; Basidiomycetes; Coprophilous; Fungicolous; Humicolous; Lignicolous; Taxonomy.
West Bengal, a significant landmass of eastern India with its varied topography, edaphic, and climatic conditions facilitates diversified forest types and conducive microhabitats for a wide array of macro-fungal wealth and the members of Aphyllophorales in particular. Detailed macro-microscopic characterizations and chemical reactions were performed to systematically identify the specimens using standard key and literatures. Six members of Aphyllophorales collected from different parts of West Bengal, India and four species belonging to the family Polyporaceae [Hexagonia tenuis (Fr.) Fr., Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr., P. tricholoma Mont. and Lenzites elegans (Spreng.) Pat.] were identified, and a single species was identified under Meripiliaceae [Physisporinus lineatus (Pers.) F. Wu, Jia J. Chen & Y.C. Dai] and Meruliaceae [Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.) P. Karst.]. The detailed description along with field and herbarium photographs, macro-morphology, and microscopic features of six species are provided in this article.
