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Frequency of dementia in the children with traumatic brain injury
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Introduction and objective. The aim of the article is to present the consequences of traumatic brain injury in children, associated with general cognition and behavioural disorders, mainly of the anti-social type.
Materials and method. A total of 20 school-age children took part in the study – 6 girls and 14 boys; average age of the children – 13.3...
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... in the general mental activity tested in the MMSE score was 24.30 points (SD 51.92). This result is within the lower limit for the occurrence of cognitive impairment. None of the subjects showed signs of severe post-traumatic dementia, although a considerable proportion of cognitive disorders appeared, including those that were mild and medium (Fig. ...
Citations
... TBI has been linked to elevated risks of substance use disorder, 9 alcohol use disorder, 10 and aggression, 9,11,12 whereas increased aggression is associated with substance use 13 and childhood physical abuse and internalizing behavior. 14 Further, elevated levels of aggression are noted to be associated with reduced amygdala, hippocampal, 15 and prefrontal cortical volume in alcoholics, 16 psychiatric patients, and healthy populations. ...
... 14 Further, elevated levels of aggression are noted to be associated with reduced amygdala, hippocampal, 15 and prefrontal cortical volume in alcoholics, 16 psychiatric patients, and healthy populations. 11,[13][14][15] Aggression is also linked to increased white matter volumes in occipital and parietal lobes and increased gray matter volume in right cerebellum. 17 However, results are inconsistent as some studies have found increased aggression associated with increased volumes, 18 whereas other studies reported null findings. ...
Nearly 50,000 Canadian children live in foster care. Compared with their peers, foster children experience greater independence and decreased guidance, predisposing them to harmful exposures such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), illicit drugs, and alcohol. Foster children also report a higher level of childhood abuse compared with the general population. This study aimed to: 1) investigate substance/alcohol use disorder, adverse childhood events (ACE), TBI, aggression levels, and the difference between normalized percentages of brain regions of interest (ROIs) in a sample of Canadian youths with and without foster care history; 2) determine the prevalence of substance/alcohol use disorder, ACE, and aggression levels within individuals with foster care history when stratified by likelihood of TBI; and 3) determine the significant correlates of elevated aggression levels within this population. Participants completed standardized questionnaires that measured the prevalence of TBI, substance and alcohol use disorder, ACE, and aggression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure differences in brain ROI. Regression and network analysis were used to study interactions between variables. Seventy-four participants (51 individuals with foster care history and 23 age-matched controls from the general population) completed standardized questionnaires. Fifty-five of these individuals (39 foster participants and 16 controls) underwent brain MRI. Foster participants had higher prevalence of substance use disorder (p < 0.001), alcohol use disorder (p = 0.003), ACE (p < 0.001), and elevated aggression levels (p < 0.001) than healthy controls. No significant difference was found among brain ROI. The prevalence of TBI in foster participants was 65%. Foster participants with moderate or high likelihood of TBI exposure had higher levels of drug use and aggression than those with no or low likelihood of exposure. Brain volumes were not associated with substance/alcohol use disorder or ACE. No significant associations were found between aggression levels and the studied variables.
... Although the ADHD is a pathology characterized essentially by a lack of attention, hyper kinetic activity and impulsiveness, it is transmitted, has a heterogenic pathology that causes a significant compromise in the cognitive function, including mainly deficits in the attentional capacities and executive functions, alterations originated by the dopaminergic system, causing a hypo function of the frontal cortical and subcortical (Clark, Prior & Kinsella, 2000;Lipowska & Sajewicz-Radtke 2012;Marcinkowska et al. 2012;Tomaszewski et al. 2014). ...
... Although the ADHD is a pathology characterized essentially by a lack of attention, hyper kinetic activity and impulsiveness, it is transmitted, has a heterogenic pathology that causes a significant compromise in the cognitive function, including mainly deficits in the attentional capacities and executive functions, alterations originated by the dopaminergic system, causing a hypo function of the frontal cortical and subcortical (Clark, Prior & Kinsella, 2000;Lipowska & Sajewicz-Radtke 2012;Marcinkowska et al. 2012;Tomaszewski et al. 2014). ...
... However, all those traditional therapies for functional brain recovery post-traumatic brain injury are still not satisfactory for patients with aphasia [18,19]. Todate, the best approach seems to be intensive physical and cognitive therapy [17,20,21]. One of the more exciting aspects of this treatment to emerge is the extension of intervention beyond the clinical setting into real-life social environments to which the patients return to after discharge from acute hospitalization and rehabilitation. ...
Objective.The study aimed to evaluate the application of ERPs neuromarkers for the assessment and treatment of a patient with chronic crossed aphasia after severe TBI and a long-term coma.
Case report. An ambidextrous female patient, aged 29, suffered from posttraumatic chronic crossed aphasia, severe TBI and a prolonged coma after a car accident. The patient took part in two differentiated rehabilitation programmes of neurotherapy included 20 sessions of relative beta training and 20 sessions of rTMS; both programmes were combined with behavioural training. The patient was tested 3 times: before the experiment, after completion of programme A, and after completion of programme B. Results. In the 1st recording, the neuromarker of aphasia was found – an excess of the P2 wave over the left temporal area. There was a cognitive control deficit – an excess of omission errors and an increase of RT variability – all indexes of sporadic ADHD. In the 2nd recording, slight improvements in cognitive control, and language functions were found. In the 3rd recording, after the rTMS sessions most of her cognitive dysfunctions had been resolved, including language functions. It should be stressed that the activation (especially the increase in the ERP potential of the right side over the frontal lobe) was found. The neuromarker of aphasia did not change, only the location had slightly moved frontally. Conclusions. The application of ERP neuromarkers assists in the diagnosis, treatment, and academic success of an ambidextrous patient with chronic posttraumatic aphasia and sporadic ADHD. ERPs can be used to assess the functional brain changes induced by neurotherapeutical programmes
... Quality of life is currently addressed in many areas of science, making it possible to consider this idea from an interdisciplinary perspective (Bańka 2005;Pąchalska et al. 2012;Peplińska, Rostowska 2013;Tomaszewski et al. 2013;2014). Hence, depending on the analysed dimension, one can talk about the medical, social, economic, philosophical or cultural aspects of an individual's quality of life (Rapley, 2003). ...
The aim of the study was to verify the correlation between the undertaken occupational activity and the subjective per-ception of quality of life for individuals with motor disabilities, manifested as declared happiness, evaluation of one's own life and a sense of purpose in life. Research was carried out in Poland between 2012 and 2013. 103 subjects – individuals with motor disabilities, both occu-pationally active and inactive, took part in the study. 44.7% of the respondents had congenital disabilities; 55.3% were disabled due to a previous accident or illness. The respon-dents' levels of disability were relatively equally distributed between the groups. None of the subjects were medically in-capable of working. Three tools were used to verify the re-search questions and hypotheses: the Purpose in Life Test, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Self – Anchoring Ladder. We found a significantly positive influence of the occupational activity of individuals with motor disabilities on their percep-tion of purpose in life and overall life evaluation, both in the present and in the future. There is also the significance of variables such as: the sex of the respondents and the reason and level of disability on the aforementioned correlations. For example we found that occupational activity (or lack thereof) had a stronger influence on men and the occupationally in-active individuals with congenital disabilities exhibited the lowest quality of life indices. It was found that taking action aimed at the occupational ac-tivation of disabled persons resulted in overcoming re ser -vations and stereotypes among employers.
Aggressogenic parenting styles are associated with increased rates of callous and unemotional traits, and in turn, with antisocial behaviours. Traumatic brain injury is also associated with antisocial behaviour, but not callous and unemotional traits specifically. No study has previously investigated these three variables, aggressogenic parenting, traumatic brain injury, and callous and unemotional traits, in a single study. The study setting was Cape Town, South Africa. The sample included high school boys ( N = 54), aged 13–21 years in an observational, descriptive study. We hypothesised that boys who reported that they had sustained a traumatic brain injury and who had been exposed to aggressogenic parenting would display increased levels of callous and unemotional traits, and that those with traumatic brain injury but had experienced positive parenting would display lower levels of such traits. The main measures included the Comprehensive Health Assessment Tool, the Inventory of Callous/Unemotional traits, and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Results show that almost 41% (22/54) of participants reported sustaining a traumatic brain injury. Aggressogenic parenting significantly moderated callous and unemotional traits only in participants with traumatic brain injury, F(1.46) = 4.76, p = .03, while positive parenting and substance use did not. In conclusion, traumatic brain injury in the presence of aggressogenic parenting is associated with greater callous and unemotional traits in this sample of adolescent boys.
Aim: Aggressive incidents (AI) are a serious concern in health care and can have negative effects on the physical and emotional well-being staff. This study aimed to determine frequency, characteristics and risk factors for aggressive behavior.
Methods: AI were recorded during six months by the staff in a pediatric rehabilitation clinic using the evaluation form for AI (EVA). Patients were divided into the study group (patients who were involved in AI) and controls.
Results: 14/105 (13%) of patients were involved in 79 AI. 0.44 AI per day occurred. Most often AI occurred on Mondays and 98% included physical, 22% verbal aggression. Most frequent target (43%) were nurses, followed by therapists (31.6%).
Significant risk factors for AI were: previous aggressive behavior (p = .038), lower cognitive and higher mobility sub-scores in the WeeFIM. Conclusion: Findings emphasize the magnitude of AI in pediatric rehabilitation and thus the importance of implement preventive strategies.
Abbreviations: ADL: Activity of daily living; AI: Aggressive Incidents; CFCS: Communication Function Classification System; EVA: Recording aggressive incidents (Erfassung von Aggressionsereignissen); GMFCS: Gross Motor Function Classification System; MACS: Manual Ability Classification System; SOAS-R: Staff Observation of Aggression Scale-Revised; WeeFIM: Functional Independence Measure for Children; WPV: Workplace violence
Objective: To describe behavioural and adjustment problems in a group of 57 adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare them with a clinical group of peers with brain lesions of other origin (N = 33) and a control group of healthy adolescents (N = 48).
Methods: All subjects received an age-appropriate assessment, including the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) 4/18, the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and the vineland adaptive behaviour scales (VABS).
Results: Compared with healthy peers, adolescents with TBI presented with more marked behavioural problems on most CBCL scales (Internalization and Externalization domains were both affected) and on the SDQ Hyperactivity and Peer problems scales. They also showed a more impaired functioning in most VABS domains. Compared with adolescents with brain lesions of other aetiology, patients with TBI showed more conduct problems on the SDQ scale, but no significant differences were found on the CBCL scales. Regarding the VABS, patients with other lesions presented with the worst outcome in the Motor and Daily Living Skills domains.
Conclusions: Adolescents with TBI are exposed at a very high risk to develop behavioural and psychological disturbances with the potential to severely affect their social re-entry. Further knowledge is needed to plan early and well-timed interventions.
