Fig 3 - available from: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Frequency distribution histograms showing bone and subcutaneous fat measurements in the study and control groups
Source publication
Background
Fluid in the subcutaneous fat is a common finding anterior to the knee on MRI. This may be caused by chronic low-grade shearing injuries in patients who are overweight. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in the amount of subcutaneous fat around the knee between patients with these appearances and controls...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... cross-sectional bone measurements conformed to a parametric distribution (p = 0.53-0.93) (Fig. 3). The mean area in the study group (first measure performed by obser- ver A) was 31.79cm 2 (SD 2.57, 95% CI 30.40-32.96 cm 2 ) and 30.11cm 2 (SD 3.20, 95% CI 28.63-31.59cm 2 ) in the control group. The difference in means was 1.68cm 2 and not statistically significant (p = 0.09) (Fig. 4). The first re- sults for observer B, and results ...
Context 2
... subcutaneous fat measurements were not parametric (p = 0.0008-0.007) (Fig. 3). The median area in the study group (first measure performed by observer A) was 62.29cm 2 (IQR 57.09-66.47cm 2 ) and 29.39cm 2 (IQR 24.77-32.33cm 2 ) in the control group. The difference in medians was 32.77cm 2 and statistically significant (p < 0.0001) (Fig. 4). The first results for observer B, and results from the second ...
Citations
... The primary study outcome was the change of SDT measured under glare conditions 1 month after orthokeratology. Similar to other studies, 34,35 we conducted a pilot study with 15 children to determine the appropriate sample size. In that test, the baseline SDT with glare was 1.72 ± 0.12 log(arcsec). ...
Purpose:
To investigate changes in shape discrimination under mesopic conditions with and without glare after orthokeratology in myopic children.
Methods:
This prospective study included 79 eyes of 79 myopic children (ages: 8-16 years). Shape discrimination thresholds (SDTs) were measured using radial frequency patterns, with a radial frequency of 4 cycles/360°, a peak spatial frequency of 3 cycles per degree, a contrast of 20%, and a mean radius of 1.5 degrees. SDT under mesopic conditions with and without glare was measured before orthokeratology and again at 1 week and 1 month after orthokeratology. Changes in the SDTs and their relationships to baseline ocular parameters were analyzed.
Results:
SDTs with glare decreased significantly at 1 week (-0.08 ± 0.15 log(arcsec), P < 0.001) and 1 month (-0.09 ± 0.15 log(arcsec), P < 0.001) after orthokeratology. SDTs without glare remained stable (P = 0.81 and P = 1.00, respectively). The difference between SDTs with and without glare also decreased significantly at 1 week (-0.10 ± 0.17 log(arcsec), P < 0.001) and at 1 month (-0.08 ± 0.18 log(arcsec), P = 0.001) after orthokeratology. Based on a multivariate analysis, the greater decrease in SDT with glare after 1 month of orthokeratology was associated with a higher baseline spherical equivalent refraction.
Conclusions:
Orthokeratology resulted in improved shape discrimination in myopic children under mesopic conditions but only when measured in the presence of glare.
... It yields proper assessment of the cruciate and collateral ligaments, making it the preferred imaging modality for evaluating internal derangement of the knee (2). The utility of knee MRI is further demonstrated in its ability to provide detailed imaging of the subcutaneous fat, a parameter intimately associated with obesity (3)(4)(5). ...
Background:
Obesity is a major public health disorder associated with multiple co-morbidities. Knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits visualization of the subcutaneous fat anatomy, which can be correlated to body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related co-morbidities.
Purpose:
This study intends to validate a method of correlating measurements of subcutaneous fat around the distal femur on axial MR images to BMI and obesity-related co-morbidities.
Material and methods:
The most proximal axial slice of each knee MRI was divided into four quadrants. Measurements of the thickest portion of the subcutaneous fat in each quadrant were independently obtained, yielding a value which was assigned the name of the SubCut fat index. The relationship between the SubCut fat index of each quadrant and the patient's BMI was then evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves utilizing both the subcutaneous fat in the medial and lateral quadrants as well as BMI were performed with respect to obesity-related co-morbidities.
Results:
SubCut fat index measurements in all four quadrants and BMI show the strongest correlation (all four, ANOVA P < 0.0001, r = 0.6), with subcutaneous fat measurements of the anterior medial (p < 0.0001) and posterior medial quadrants (P = 0.01). Additionally, BMI and medial quadrants SubCut indices showed strong association with obesity-related co-morbidities including sleep apnea, asthma, diabetes, hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and osteoporosis.
Conclusion:
The SubCut fat index, a marker of distal femur subcutaneous fat on axial MRI, correlates with severity of obesity (BI) and associated obesity-related co-morbidities.
