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Frequencies of the primary diagnoses categories of the patients included in the two cross-sectional surveys con- ducted in the Onco-Haematology ward at the Point G Uni- versity Hospital in Bamako in 2012
Source publication
Data on fungal epidemiology in sub-Saharan African countries are scarce. This exploratory study aimed to characterize the fungal flora at the Onco-Haematology ward of the National Teaching Hospital of Point G in Bamako, Mali. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the dry and in the rainy seasons. Nasal swab and sputum samples were collected fro...
Citations
... Although not yet included in the FDA GRAS, generally recognized as sae, list o microorganisms, nor its bioproducts, H. opuntiae has been studied due to its properties o interest in the ood industry which includes its application in beer biofavoring, and also as a ermentative yeast in cocoa beans, kombucha, and ruit pulp production (Ben Taheur et al., 2020;Bourbon-Melo et al., 2021;de Lourdes Chaves Macêdo et al., 2023;Papalexandratou et al., 2013). In addition, this yeast is ound naturally in coee and has never been involved in human inections (Niaré-Doumbo et al., 2014), thereore it could be considered a sae and useul microorganism or application as a biocontrol agent. To the best o our knowledge, this is the rst study on the antiungal eect o H. opuntiae on A. ochraceus strains in coee ruits. ...
... We described Aspergillus spp. exposure in an oncohematological ward with the major species circulating in the air being A. fumigatus followed by A. niger [42]. Recently one case has been described in a HIV patient who developed both tuberculosis and aspergillosis, based on antigen positivity in association with a cavitary lesion containing a nodular opacity in an immunocompromised HIV patient [43]. ...
Mali is a developing country facing several health challenges with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. Little is known or done about fungal diseases, yet they represent a significant public health problem in certain populations. The aim of this study was to estimate the national burden of fungal disease, and summarize data, diagnostic and treatment gaps. We used national demographics and PubMed searches to retrieve articles on published data on these infections and at-risk populations (pulmonary TB, HIV/AIDS patients, patients receiving critical care etc.) in Mali. The estimated Malian population was 21,251,000 in 2020 (UN), of which 45% were children <14 years. Among HIV patients, we estimate an annual incidence of 611 cryptococcosis, 1393 Pneumocystis pneumonia, 180 histoplasmosis and >5,700 esophageal candidiasis and some microsporidiosis cases. Our prevalence estimates for tinea capitis are 2.3 million, for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis 272,460, ∼60,000 fungal asthma and 7,290 cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (often mistaken for TB). Less common acute fungal infections are probably invasive aspergillosis (n=1230), fungal keratitis (n=2820), candidaemia (>1,060) and mucormycosis (n=43). Histoplasmin was found in 6% in general population. A few cases of mycetoma are described in Mali. Many WHO Essential medicines and Diagnostics are not available in Mali. This shows a marked disparity in documented and estimated cases of fungal diseases in Mali. These infections are underestimated due to the lack of accurate diagnosis tools and lack of support for fungal diseases diagnosis and management.
... However, similar to our results, only 5.4% of all Aspergillus species were identified as A. fumigatus in respiratory samples from the onco-hematology ward of Bamako hospital, Mali, and most of the Aspergillus taxa fell into the Nigri (36.6%) and Flavi (32.92%) sections. 33 In Tunisia, similar findings were reported in the hematology unit. 29 Thus, mold species distributions may also reflect climate-associated differences in the environmental Aspergillus flora. ...
... Indeed, in Mali, airborne fungal contamination was significantly higher in the rainy season (66.4%) than in the dry season (33.6%). 33 In addition, endophytic fungi, such as Peniophora sp., also identified herein, were previously isolated from the hot water system of a hospital in the United States. 41 We believe that an important proportion of the molds isolated in this series were contaminants and less than 20% were proven to be clinically relevant. ...
New mold species are increasingly reported in invasive fungal infections. However, these fungi are often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to the use of inappropriate laboratory diagnostic tools. Tropical countries, such as French Guiana, harbor a vast diversity of environmental fungi representing a potential source of emerging pathogens. To assess the impact of this diversity on the accuracy of mold-infection diagnoses, we identified mold clinical isolates in French Guiana during a five-month follow-up using both microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In total, 38.8% of the 98 obtained molds isolates could not be identified and required a DNA-based identification. Fungal diversity was high, including 46 species, 26 genera, and 13 orders. Fungal ecology was unusual, as Aspergillus species accounted for only 27% of all isolates, and the Nigri section was the most abundant out of the six detected Aspergillus sections. Macromycetes (orders Agaricales, Polyporales, and Russulales) and endophytic fungi accounted for respectively 11% and 14% of all isolates. Thus, in tropical areas with high fungal diversity, such as French Guiana, routine mold identification tools are inadequate. Molecular identifications, as well as morphological descriptions, are necessary for the construction of region-specific mass spectrum databases. These advances will improve the diagnosis and clinical management of new fungal infections.
Lay summary
In French Guiana, environmental fungal diversity may be a source of emerging pathogens. We evaluated microscopy and mass spectrometry to identify mold clinical isolates. With 39% of unidentified isolates, a region-specific mass spectrum database would improve the diagnosis of new fungal infections.
... Indoor mold was primarily measured as fungal spores present in airborne samples and measured in nasal swabs and sputum samples (Niare-Doumbo et al., 2014;Diongue et al., 2015) (Table 2). ...
... At risk-populations that were examined included pediatric wards with leukemia patients and other immunocompromised or allergic patients, oncology wards, and ophthalmology operating rooms (Gharamah et al., 2012;Niare-Doumbo et al., 2014;Gheith et al., 2015). Occupational exposure to aflatoxin was found in textile workers and was associated with liver tumor biomarkers (Saad-Hussein et al., 2013). ...
The World Health Organization in 2016 estimated that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths were attributed to modifiable environmental factors. However, data clearly characterizing the impact of environmental exposures and health endpoints in African populations is limited. To describe recent progress and identify important research gaps, we reviewed literature on environmental health research in African populations over the last decade, as well as research incorporating both genomic and environmental factors. We queried PubMed for peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, or books examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in human populations in Africa. Searches utilized medical subheading (MeSH) terms for environmental exposure categories listed in the March 2018 US National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which includes chemicals with worldwide distributions. Our search strategy retrieved 540 relevant publications, with studies evaluating health impacts of ambient air pollution (n=105), indoor air pollution (n = 166), heavy metals (n = 130), pesticides (n = 95), dietary mold (n = 61), indoor mold (n = 9), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, n = 0), electronic waste (n = 9), environmental phenols (n = 4), flame retardants (n = 8), and phthalates (n = 3), where publications could belong to more than one exposure category. Only 23 publications characterized both environmental and genomic risk factors. Cardiovascular and respiratory health endpoints impacted by air pollution were comparable to observations in other countries. Air pollution exposures unique to Africa and some other resource limited settings were dust and specific occupational exposures. Literature describing harmful health effects of metals, pesticides, and dietary mold represented a context unique to Africa. Studies of exposures to phthalates, PFASs, phenols, and flame retardants were very limited. These results underscore the need for further focus on current and emerging environmental and chemical health risks as well as better integration of genomic and environmental factors in African research studies. Environmental exposures with distinct routes of exposure, unique co-exposures and co-morbidities, combined with the extensive genomic diversity in Africa may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and promising potential for translation to global public health.
... To our knowledge, our study is the first to use H. opuntiae for the control of several postharvest pathogens. Hanseniaspora opuntiae has never been involved in human infection(NiarDoumbo et al., 2014), indicating that it may safely be used for postharvest biological control. ...
Fresh fruit is highly perishable during postharvest life, mainly due to fungal growth. Thus, fungal control is an important goal for the fruit industry. In this work, a selection of antagonistic yeasts isolated from fig and breba crops were screened in vitro. The isolated yeasts were challenged with three moulds isolated from decayed figs and breba crops, identified as Penicillium expansum M639 and Cladosporium cladosporioides M310 and M624, and pathogenic moulds Botrytis cinerea CECT20518 and Monilia laxa CA1 from culture collections. Two yeast isolates, Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Metschnikowia pulcherrima L672, were selected for their ability to inhibit the growth of aforementioned moulds. These yeasts reduced the radial growth of moulds on PDA by between 45.23% and 66.09%. Antagonistic activity was associated with the interaction of live yeast cells with moulds. M. pulcherrima L672 apparently parasitised C. cladosporioides isolates. In addition, challenges were assayed using wounded apples and nectarines, with significant reductions in percent infection and lesion size for all moulds tested. To our knowledge, this is the first report identifying H. opuntiae as an antagonist against different pathogenic moulds.
... Infection occurs after inhalation of conidia stirred up from construction or renovation works in the hospital. The main risk factor for this HAI is the concentration of Aspergillus conidia in the BioMed Research International 5 air [2,[145][146][147][148][149], and the most susceptible individuals are hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, neutropenic patients, and those with hematologic malignancies [136,145,[150][151][152][153]. ...
... Under this statement, the dispersion of H. capsulatum infective propagules could represent a potential risk factor for hospital-acquired histoplasmosis, especially in individuals hospitalized in units lacking adequate air quality control. H. capsulatum has never been identified in air quality studies from hospital settings [152]. This could be explained by the difficulties in this fungus' isolation, including prolonged culture growth in laboratory conditions, special nutritional needs, and culture inhibition by the presence of other fastgrowing fungi [64,68]. ...
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are described in diverse settings. The main etiologic agents of HAI are bacteria (85%) and fungi (13%). Some factors increase the risk for HAI, particularly the use of medical devices; patients with severe cuts, wounds, and burns; stays in the intensive care unit, surgery, and hospital reconstruction works. Several fungal HAI are caused by Candida spp., usually from an endogenous source; however, cross-transmission via the hands of healthcare workers or contaminated devices can occur. Although other medically important fungi, such as Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Histoplasma capsulatum, have never been considered nosocomial pathogens, there are some factors that point out the pros and cons for this possibility. Among these fungi, H. capsulatum infection has been linked to different medical devices and surgery implants. The filamentous form of H. capsulatum may be present in hospital settings, as this fungus adapts to different types of climates and has great dispersion ability. Although conventional pathogen identification techniques have never identified H. capsulatum in the hospital environment, molecular biology procedures could be useful in this setting. More research on H. capsulatum as a HAI etiologic agent is needed, since it causes a severe and often fatal disease in immunocompromised patients.
Aims:
The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential of Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Meyerozyma caribbica and Kluyveromyces marxianus for in vitro biocontrol of A. ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae and A. carbonarius growth, OTA effect on yeast growth, and yeast in vitro OTA detoxification ability using an experimental design to predict the combined effects of inoculum size, incubation time and OTA concentration.
Methods and results:
Predictive models were developed using an incomplete Box- Behnken experimental design to predict the combined effects of inoculum size, incubation time and OTA concentration on OTA detoxification by the yeasts. The yeasts were able to inhibit fungal growth from 13% to 86%. K. marxianus was the most efficient in inhibiting the three Aspergillus species. Furthermore, high OTA levels (100 ng ml-1) did not affect yeast growth over 72 h incubation. The models showed that the maximum OTA detoxification under optimum conditions was 86.8% (H. opuntiae), 79.3% (M. caribbica) and 73.7% (K. marxianus), with no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the values predicted and the results obtained experimentally.
Conclusion:
The yeasts showed potential for biocontrol of ochratoxigenic fungi and OTA detoxification, and the models developed are important tools for predicting the best conditions for the application of these yeasts as detoxification agents.
The proportion of cultured microorganisms is dramatically lower than those predicted to be involved in colonization, acute, or chronic infections. We report our laboratory's contribution to promoting culture methods. As a result of using culturomics in our clinical microbiology laboratories (including amoeba co-culture and shell-vial culture) and through the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight and the 16S rRNA gene for identification, we cultured 329 new bacterial species. This is also the first time that 327 of species have been isolated from humans, increasing the known human bacterial repertoire by 29%. We isolated 4 archaeal species for the first time from human, including 2 new species. Of the 100 isolates of giant viruses, we demonstrated the human pathogenicity of Mimivirus in pneumonia and Marseillevirus in diverse clinical situations. From sand flies, we isolated most of the known Phlebovirus strains that potentially cause human infections. Increasing the repertoire of human-associated microorganisms through culture will allow us to test pathogenicity models with viable microorganisms.
