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In this study, a fuzzy bi-level chance constraint programming (FBCP) model is developed for urban ecological management in Xiamen, China. FBCP has advantages in balancing trade-offs between multiple decision makers and can address fuzzy and stochastic uncertainty in ecosystem management. It also can reflect the impact of different violation risk le...
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... x n,i are the values of driving factors, β is estimated coefficients of the regression equation. Figure 1 presents the framework of the FBCP-CLUE-S model. The upper level, referred as ecological sector, aims to maximize the ecosystem services value to ensure the ecological security of Xiamen. ...
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... transformation of industrial structure and the optimization of land distribution would change the severe pollution emission situation. Figure 10 shows the system benefit and ecosystem service value for 45 different scenarios. From S1 to S3, system benefit would increase from CNY 5.10 × 10 12 (p = 0.05) to CNY 5.27 × 10 12 (p = 0.20), and the ecosystem service value would decrease from CNY 63.78 × 10 9 (p = 0.05) to CNY 62.83 × 10 9 (p = 0.20). ...
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... makers need to balance the relationship between expected benefit and risk to seek the optimal decision. Figure 11 shows the comparison of results between the FCP and FBCP model. In the first period, the system benefit derived from the FBCP model are more conservative. ...
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... the economic benefit of human activity land in the FCP model is far greater than that of ecological land, the decision maker always maximizes the benefit as much as possible under the condition of constraint satisfaction, while ecosystem service value is the intangible asset in the city, and the ecological income should be in the leader-follower relationship in the decision making. This shows that FBCP has more advantages in Figure 11 shows the comparison of results between the FCP and FBCP model. In the first period, the system benefit derived from the FBCP model are more conservative. ...
Citations
... Subsequently, Jiang et al. proposed the theory of the "social-economic-natural" composite ecosystem [26][27][28][29], which holds valuable reference value for the subsequent development of urbanization and ecosystems. Building on the foundation of theoretical research, scholars have conducted empirical studies on the coupling between urbanization and ecosystems in countries such as the United States, Pakistan, South Korea, and China [30][31][32][33][34], providing empirical evidence of the intricate interactions between ecosystems and urbanization systems [16,19,[35][36][37]. There is a significant body of research exploring the interrelationship between urbanization and ecosystem services. ...
Rapid urbanization has significantly impacted the structure of ecosystem services, accelerating the pressure on natural resources and ecological space. The clarification of the interdependent relationship between new-type urbanization (NTU) and ecosystem services (ESs) has contributed to ecological conservation and high-quality co-ordinated development, in contrast to traditional urbanization. This study focuses on the counties in Shaanxi Province as the research subjects, develops a new urbanization evaluation model for county-level areas, and utilizes Section data at the county level in Shaanxi Province for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. (To analyze land cover change, we selected four data periods: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, to capture significant spatial trends.) This study employed the comparative analysis method and the Coupled Co-ordination Model (CCDM) to assess the correlation between traditional urbanization and the value of ecosystem services, as well as between new urbanization and the value of ecosystem services. Additionally, the study utilizes the ArcGIS platform to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two types of urbanization evolution and the spatiotemporal relationship between urbanization and ecosystem co-ordination. The study findings suggest the following: (1) a “low-level coordination” coupling relationship exists between traditional and new urbanization in county-level areas of Shaanxi Province and the value of ecosystem services. (2) The coupling co-ordination of traditional and new urbanization with the value of ecosystem services shows a spread of low-value areas in space, leading to a pattern of low disorder assimilation and significant spatial aggregation. (3) From 2000 to 2020, traditional and new urbanization in various counties of Shaanxi Province consistently exhibited a steady increase, with spatial patterns of “Guanzhong region > Northern Shaanxi region > Southern Shaanxi region”. Both types of urbanization have displayed a “low-level coupling” with ecosystem services. (4) During the same period, the new urbanization index in different counties of Shaanxi Province showed a steady increase, demonstrating an advantage of Guanzhong. Its impact on the ecosystem was significantly weaker than that of traditional urbanization. (5) The development of new urbanization can be more effectively co-ordinated with ecosystem services compared to traditional urbanization. However, currently, its co-ordination with the ecosystem service system is relatively poor. The study’s results suggest that enhancing new urbanization from multiple dimensions is beneficial for promoting the integrated coherence between urbanization development and ecosystem service systems.
