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Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe bacterium that threatens human periodontal health. It can cause many oral diseases, including periodontitis, gingivitis and peri-implantitis, and even some diseases such as colorectal cancer are related to it. This paper aims to develop a novel and simple surface modificati...
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... results of the FTIR analysis showed that the Ti-0.2, Ti-0.5 and Ti-1.0 have a biguanide group (represented by a C=N bond) of PHMB together with an OH-N hydrogen bond on the surface of the titanium (Figure 3). The FTIR spectra of PHMB biocides showed biguanide group signals in the range of 1750-1550 cm −1 , mainly consisting of a C=N (carbon-nitrogen bond) stretching band at 1630 cm −1 and N-H (nitrogen-hydrogen bond). ...
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies showed that the common anaerobe Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is closely associated with a higher risk for carcinogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of CRC. However, there is no specific antimicrobial therapy for CRC treatment. Herbal medicine has a l...
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Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption, ultimately resulting in implant failure. Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties, and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis. Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque. However, it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment. Therefore, the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants, such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture, the introduction of diverse functional coatings, or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules, metallic nanoparticles, or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration. Furthermore, we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products, and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives, so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy, biological safety, and osteogenic property.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is generally characterized by a high prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ), a spindle‐shaped, Gram‐negative anaerobe pathogen derived from the oral cavity. This tumor‐resident microorganism has been closely correlated with the occurrence, progression, chemoresistance and immunosuppressive microenvironment of CRC. Furthermore, F. nucleatum can specifically colonize CRC tissues through adhesion on its surface, forming biofilms that are highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Accordingly, it is crucial to develop efficacious non‐antibiotic approaches to eradicate F. nucleatum and its biofilms for CRC treatment. In recent years, various antimicrobial strategies, such as natural extracts, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, polymers, inorganic‐organic hybrid materials, bacteriophages, probiotics, and vaccines, have been proposed to combat F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum biofilms. This review summarizes the latest advancements in anti‐ F. nucleatum research, elucidates the antimicrobial mechanisms employed by these systems, and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each antimicrobial technology. Additionally, this review also provides an outlook on the antimicrobial specificity, potential clinical implications, challenges, and future improvements of these antimicrobial strategies in the treatment of CRC.
As one of the major derivatives of biguanides, poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a well-known commercially available polycationic antiseptic and disinfectant. PHMB is the hydrochloride salt of an amino polymer...
Dental implants have become the mainstream strategy for oral restoration, and implant materials are the most important research hot spot in this field. So far, Ti implants dominate all kinds of implants. The surface properties of the Ti implant play decisive roles in osseointegration and antibacterial performance. Surface modifications can significantly change the surface micro/nanotopography and composition of Ti implants, which will effectively improve their hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, osseointegration performance, antibacterial performance, etc. These optimizations will thus improve implant success and service life. In this paper, the latest surface modification techniques of Ti dental implants are systematically and comprehensively reviewed. The various biomedical functionalities of surface modifications are discussed in-depth. Finally, a profound comment on the challenges and opportunities of this frontier is proposed, and the most promising directions for the future were explored.
The application of microbes to synthesize metallic NPs is due to their increased capability to survive at maximum concentrations of metallic ions. The gold nanoparticles are used as the catalytic agent in the degradation of organic dyes, bioremediation, and antibacterial and antimicrobial effects. Despite the fact that the production of metal gold nanoparticles is relatively new, the relationships amongst microorganisms and metals have been thoroughly documented. In the subject of bioremediation, the capacity of bacteria to accumulate metals has also been acknowledged. Recently, the diversity of microorganisms has been used as factories for fabricating AuNPs both intracellularly and extracellularly. Microbial cells, upon treatment with gold salts, synthesize gold nanostructures, which are further isolated and purified using varied methodologies to acquire AuNPs. Control over the size and shape of AuNPs can be achieved by manoeuvring the main growth parameters.
