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Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of MAF, sodium dichloroisocyanurate solution (DCCNa), and MAFC.
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Meta-aramid fibrids (MAF) have attracted much attention. However, it is difficult for this high mechanical performance fiber to form sufficient interface adhesion between the MAF and polyurethane (PU) matrix due to the chemical inertness of its surface. Thus, the surface activity of MAF should be improved to obtain a high-performance MAF/PU composi...
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Context 1
... contrast, Figure 1c,d shows that the surface of MAFC became slightly rough, implying that the surfaces of MAF were successfully activated by the chlorination treatment. Figure 2 shows the FTIR spectra of MAF, DCCNa, and MAFC. The molecular structures of MAF, DCCNa, and MAFC were characterized by FTIR analysis. ...
Context 2
... molecular structures of MAF, DCCNa, and MAFC were characterized by FTIR analysis. As shown in Figure 2, the characteristic absorption peaks of the MAF at 3415 cm -1 and 3060 cm -1 have corresponded to the N-H and aromatic C-H stretching vibrations, respectively, the vibration peaks of 1660 cm −1 , 1608 cm −1 , and 1540 cm −1 were attributed to C=O stretching vibrations, aromatic C=C stretching vibrations, and N-H deformation vibrations in MAF, respectively [11,24]. The characteristic peaks of DCCNa at 1742 cm −1 , 1355 cm −1 , and 700 cm −1 were assigned to C=O, C-N and N-Cl stretching vibrations, respectively. ...
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Citations
... The binding energy at 164.85 eV is caused by the S-S/S-O bond in crystalline sulfur or sulfur-containing inorganic oxides (Li et al., 2016;Hamisu et al., 2017); the peak at approximately 168.75 eV is assigned to the C-S/ SO 4 2− bond, which may be caused by the sulfhydryl group or sulfate on the carbon chain (Han et al., 2005). Cl2p3/2 mainly has two deconvolution peaks corresponding to organic chlorine and inorganic compounds ( Figure 6D), which are located at 200.15 and 201.74 eV, respectively; their corresponding contents are 66.75% and 33.25% (Table 4), indicating that the chlorine in HSWR mainly exists in the organic state, and some form inorganic chlorides with other metals, such as NaCl, and CaCl 2 , etc. (Plummer Christopher et al., 2018;Lu et al., 2019). ...
High-sulfur waste residues (HSWR) is a typical byproduct produced in the printing and dyeing industry that has hazardous properties, such as flammability and reactivity, etc. It is of great significance for the directional and harmless treatment of waste residues in the later stage on the research in-depth of the occurrence characteristics of each component in HSWR. In this paper, the combinatorial analysis method is employed to perform in-depth research on the phase composition, surface chemical situation of element, and the occurrence state of functional groups of the waste residue from multiple perspectives. The results show that the organic and inorganic components in HSWR are intricately interwoven, and exhibit significant thermal instability at high temperatures, with a maximum weight less of 86.66%. Carbon mainly exists in the states of C-H/C-OH/C-C, C-O/C-NH2, and C=O/C-N/C-S/CHx and constitutes the main chain of the carboxylic ring. Sulfur mainly occurs in three forms, namely, amorphous aggregated sulfur, sulfur-containing inorganic salts such as sulfate, and nitrogen-heterocyclic organic compounds containing sulfhydryl groups and methyl sulfur groups. These organic compounds constitute branch chains of the organic phase, and combine with metal cations through hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, and deposit on the surface of inorganic agglomerated sulfur. This wrapping structure increases the stability of volatile compounds in the slag and increases the difficulty of sulfur and chlorine removal. These findings provide a material basis for the later development of safe and effective HSWR disposal techniques.
... Nevertheless, the other peaks of absorption in the FTIR spectrum of PTMEG were designated as stretching vibration of CH2 at 1368 cm −1 and irregular stretching vibration of C-O-C at 1250 cm −1 [31][32][33]. The absorption peaks at 1161 and 1068 cm −1 were caused by the stretching vibration of C-O connected to carbon atoms [34]. ...
... Nevertheless, the other peaks of absorption in the FTIR spectrum of PTMEG were designated as stretching vibration of CH 2 at 1368 cm −1 and irregular stretching vibration of C-O-C at 1250 cm −1 [31][32][33]. The absorption peaks at 1161 and 1068 cm −1 were caused by the stretching vibration of C-O connected to carbon atoms [34]. ...
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are widely used in a variety of applications as a result of flexible and superior performance. However, few scholars pay close attention on the design and synthesis of TPUs through the self‐determined laboratory process, especially on definite of chemical structures and upon the influence on properties. To investigate the properties of synthesized modifier based on chemical structure, firstly each kind of unknown structure and composition ratio of TPUs was determined by using a new method. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics and mechanical properties of modifiers were exposed by thermal characteristics and mechanics performance tests. The experimental results indicate that TPUs for use as an asphalt modifier can successfully be synthesized with the aid of semi‐prepolymer method. The linear backbone structure of TPUs with different hard segment contents were determined by micro test methods. The polyester‐based TPUs had thermal behavior better than the polyether-based TPUs; conversely, the low temperature performance of polyether‐based TPUs was superior. Most importantly, it was found that the relative molecular mass of TPUs exhibited a weak effect on the mechanical properties, whereas the crystallinity of hard segment showed a significant influence on the properties of TPUs.
This review summarizes the results of research published in recent decades on the main directions in the functionalization of fibrous materials using surface modification. Methods for thepreliminary activation of the surface of fibrous materials are described, allowing increasing the adhesion of modifiers. The features of the formation of functionalizing coatings on fibrous materials in comparison with other substrates are analyzed. Some specific methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the surface modification inherent in fibrous materials are considered. Particular attention is paid to giving fibrous materials antimicrobial properties, photoactivity, the ability to protect against ultraviolet radiation, and hydrophobicity.
High performance polymer fibers, such as polyester, aliphatic and aromatic polyamides, are well established in several technical applications, including personal protection equipment, sport, automotive or aerospace. This is due to their excellent thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. In the emerging field of textile based high performance composites and intelligent textiles, polymer fibers are often utilized in hybrids, i.e., in combination with other materials such as polymer matrices or metal coatings. In such cases, the step of activating or functionalizing the fibers is essential to enhance interface strength in the hybrid systems.
This review provides a broad overview on recently applied activation and functionalization techniques on high performance polymer fibers including wet chemical and physicochemical treatments (e.g., hydrolysis, oxidation, complexation, deposition, flame, plasma treatment). The main objective is to review possible modification mechanisms, elaborate the effect of the modification on the fiber properties, and address possible applications of these techniques. The review also includes a comparison of the different techniques, thereby providing a better understanding of their potentials and restrictions. While the techniques differ in terms of versatility, handling, and environmental impact they all can, given the right choice of process parameters, provide well-defined fiber surface properties for the intended application.
