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In this contribution, the authors evaluate the possibility of using separated access points for power and data transfer in a coupled Wireless Power Transfer-Powerline Communication system. Such a system has been previously proposed by the authors for specific applications, in which Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) should take place in a system where d...
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... the authors' knowledge, the expression of the input impedance so obtained is slightly different with respect to the ones derived in the literature, and it allows to design the WPT system to accomplish maximum power transfer. A four-coils WPT system is shown in Figure 7. The equations using the mesh analysis are as follows: ...
Citations
... In the air, as a medium, ICPDT technology has been applied in various situations, such as the wireless charging of electric vehicles, implantable medical devices [27,28], constantcurrent or constant-voltage inductive charging of UAVs [29], as well as wireless charging of mobile phones, computers, and other devices [30][31][32]. However, inductively coupled power and data transmission systems with intermediate loops in the marine environment have rarely been reported in the literature. ...
Moored buoys are important components of stereo platforms for ocean observation, which are crucial in underwater exploration. In complex marine environments, power supply and data transmission between moored buoys and underwater sensors are difficult. To solve these problems, an inductively coupled power and data transfer (ICPDT) scheme based on LCCL-S-LC hybrid compensation is proposed. The power transmission was analyzed by establishing an LCCL-S-LC compensation buoy ICPDT system model. The system efficiency and output power were analyzed when the load changed, and the optimal load resistor for maximum system efficiency was determined. A modulation and demodulation circuit used for data transmission was introduced, the compensation topology parameters of each loop of the buoy ICPDT system were deduced, and the crosstalk between power and data was analyzed and reduced. An ICPDT system prototype was built to verify the system’s feasibility and effectiveness when it was powered by 24 V. The LCCL-S-LC topology reduced the interference between data and power transmission. When the measured output power of the system was 61.5 W, the power transmission efficiency was 78.1%, and the data receiving end could achieve correct demodulation when the transmission rate was 100 kb/s.
... The wireless power transfer system (WPTS) is a recent technology used to charge batteries of electric and electronic devices without the use of a cabled connection but by means of an inductive coupling [1][2][3][4][5][6]. To this aim, WPTS working frequencies span from a few tens of kHz to a few tens of MHz, or even higher frequencies, depending on the application [1,[7][8][9][10][11]. ...
... The wireless power transfer system (WPTS) is a recent technology used to charge batteries of electric and electronic devices without the use of a cabled connection but by means of an inductive coupling [1][2][3][4][5][6]. To this aim, WPTS working frequencies span from a few tens of kHz to a few tens of MHz, or even higher frequencies, depending on the application [1,[7][8][9][10][11]. ...
The paper is focused on the optimization of the compensation network of a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) intended to operate in dynamic conditions. A laboratory prototype of a WPTS has been taken as a reference in this work, allowing for the experimental data and all the numerical models here presented to reproduce the configuration of the existing device. The numerical model has been used to perform FEM analysis with variable relative positions of the emitting and receiving coil to simulate the movement in a ‘recharge while driving’ condition. Inductive lumped parameters, i.e., self and mutual inductances computed from FEM results, have been used for the optimal design of the compensation network necessary for the WPTS operation. The optimal design of the resonance circuits has been developed by defining objective functions, aiming to achieve these goals: transmitted power must be as constant as possible when the vehicle is in movement and the electrical efficiency must be satisfactory high in most of the coupling conditions. The performances of the optimized network are finally compared and discussed.
... The quality factor (Q) represents a critical compromise in designing the shared WPT-PLC channel to accommodate for both power and data signals, Q = f BW [20][21][22][23][24][25]. In fact, the designer usually faces the problem of compromising between power efficiency and distortions induced by a high-power WPT link that affects the inductive broadband over power line (BPL) communication channel, which conveys low-power modulated data signals. ...
WPT system performances highly depend on the misalignment scenarios of the transmitter or the receiver coil. In this contribution, the authors analyze the effect of the misalignment influencing factors of the integrated WPT-PLC system receiving coil on the system performances. The simulations and experimental analysis are based on power efficiency and channel capacity metrics. The simulations are performed using finite element calculations in COMSOL Multiphysics and Advanced Design System (ADS) from Keysight technology. By analyzing the results, maximum transferred power is reached under resonance conditions. For instance, the calculated efficiencies versus the misalignment cases of the WPT-PLC system varies (η = 86% to 60%) when d = [3 cm to 7 cm], s = [3 cm to 9 cm], and for a tilt angle θ ≤ 20 deg, while the optimal data rate C(bps) is achieved while appealing different data access points and under reasonable SNR value.
... Other authors [13] only consider the power electronic aspects related to IPT, while the simple circuital model based on coupled inductors is adopted for the pads. Authors in [14][15][16] consider the transfer of small powers while investigating the aspects of data transfer through the coupled pads. On the other hand, authors in [17] discuss an IPT system for low power levels focusing on the power electronics and its control algorithm, while considering two simple circular coils as transmitting and receiving pads. ...
The inductive power transfer (IPT) is expected to greatly contribute towards electrification in transportation. In fact, IPT charging technology has the potential to overcome several limitations of conductive charging: in particular, the process can be fully automatable, and both static and dynamic charging are allowed, thus reducing the size of the battery pack. Additionally, safety is increased due to the absence of safety issues related to loss of cable insulation or to the unwanted interruption of the plug-socket connection. This paper presents, from a systematic approach, the design and realization of a prototype for IPT charging of autonomous shuttles in automated warehouses. First of all, the typical mission profile of the shuttle was properly identified, and a storage system based on power-oriented electrochemical cells was sized. Based on that, the architecture of the IPT system was chosen, both for transmitting and receiving sections. The pads were designed for this purpose, by considering the geometric constraints imposed by the manufacturer, through the utilization of the finite elements method. Finally, the power electronic circuitry was also designed. Numerical simulations of the components, as well as of the complete system, were performed and a prototype was built to widely verify the correspondence of the simulation outputs with the results obtained from an experimental measurements campaign.
... The array of spirals resonators has been already presented in literature as a solution characterized by good magnetic field focusing properties; in addition, high capability of electric field strength reduction for safety purposes has been shown in [1]. The aim of this work is to show that the present array, properly designed, simultaneously permits obtaining a decoupling between the power and data transfer frequencies by maintaining unvaried the performance in both applications [2]. The array consists of a 5×5 spiral resonators matrix, characterized by a resonant frequency of 6MHz by using capacitive loads of C0=560pF. ...
... Usual modelling of such system consists in a reasonable simplification, that is to consider only the coupling with the nearest neighbour (coupling coefficients 12 , 23 , and 34 ). Figure 6 shows a realization of the scheme shown in Figure 3, i.e. the data transmitter and receiver devices (i.e. and ) are connected to the same ports with respect to the two coils through generic filters ̅ (whose role has been explained before). The possibility offered by having additional coils, is summarized in Figure 7 and proposed in (Barmada et al., 2019), in which an access point for data transfer has been created on the Tx and Rx coils, originally short circuited and simply used as repeaters. Here, the data source and data receiver (i.e. and ) are coupled to the resonators by using parallel filters ̅ that have the role of short circuiting the power signal (that should not go through the transmission and receiver devices). ...
... Figure 8 shows a prototype used to evaluate the convenience of creating the double access point as previously described. The details of the prototype (and the design criteria) are explained in in (Barmada et al., 2019); a set of measurements have been performed, at a distance = 5 and = 15 between the coils (case 1 and case 2), with different filter realizations (named "a" and "b"). The results shown here are relative to the longer distance and to a resonant frequency for the power transfer set to = 122.6 ...
... In [23,25] a feasibility study of the whole system was performed, and the design guidelines were presented. Considering both data and power transmission requirements, the experimental setup was implemented and measured achieving theoretical capacities from tens of kbit/s to few Mbit/s; see for instance [24,28]. In this case, the receiving coil could be placed on parallel in fact, users cannot use their devices during charging and this is relatively flexible in terms of positioning. ...
This paper investigates the feasibility of using the three-dimensional omnidirectional inductive channel for power transfer and as a power line communication (PLC) for ground-based vehicle, electric air vehicle, or space applications. The simulation results were performed by the advanced design system software using lumped equivalent circuit model. The power transfer efficiency was determined based on multiport scattering (S)-parameters numerical simulation results while the theoretical channel capacity was calculated based on Matlab software as a function of the coupling coefficient considering an additive white Gaussian noise. Furthermore, the magnetic field distribution was evaluated as function of the misalignment angle θ between the receiver and the three orthogonal transmitters coils.
... Otherwise, the wire would simply evaporate under fault current. Additional information on BPL-PLC solutions, particularly related to smart grids, data transfer, as well as service quality estimation, may be found in [22][23][24][25]. Therefore, the only way in such cases is to connect the capacitive coupler to the bus/phase, but through a thin enough electric wire of a sufficient length, to meet requirements of the electrical strength of the gap. ...
... Otherwise, the wire would simply evaporate under fault current. Additional information on BPL-PLC solutions, particularly related to smart grids, data transfer, as well as service quality estimation, may be found in [22][23][24][25]. ...
Application of a high-efficiency voice communication systems based on broadband over power line-power line communication (BPL-PLC) technology in medium voltage networks, including hazardous areas (like the oil and mining industry), as a redundant mean of wired communication (apart from traditional fiber optics and electrical wires) can be beneficial. Due to the possibility of utilizing existing electrical infrastructure, it can significantly reduce deployment costs. Additionally, it can be applied under difficult conditions, thanks to battery-powered devices. During an emergency situation (e.g., after coal dust explosion), the medium voltage cables are resistant to mechanical damage, providing a potentially life-saving communication link between the supervisor, rescue team, paramedics, and the trapped personnel. The assessment of such a system requires a comprehensive and accurate examination, including a number of factors. Therefore, various models were tested, considering: different transmission paths and types of coupling (inductive and capacitive), as well as various lengths of transmitted data packets. Next, a subjective quality evaluation study was carried out, considering speech signals from a number of languages (English, German, and Polish). Based on the obtained results, including both simulations and measurements, appropriate practical conclusions were formulated. Results confirmed the applicability of BPL-PLC technology as an efficient voice communication system for the oil and mining industry.
... The challenge is realizing a broadband or multiband WPT or DT system, relying on a system by its own nature narrowband as a classical 2-coils system is. The antenna array theory [3] suggested us to propose the insertion of an array of passive resonant elements in between the driver and the receiver coils of a standard 2-coils system which principally influences the electromagnetic near field [4]. The array is positioned as close as possible to the driver loop, thus not affecting the useful working distance [5]. ...
A methodology for the design of a multifrequency Wireless Power transfer (WPT) and data transfer (DT) applications with reduced computational burden, is presented. The configuration is made by an array of passive resonant elements placed in the proximity of the driver coil of a common 2-coils system. The proposed methodology is well-known in phased array design and here adopted for WPT and DT applications. The method is based on one numerical fullwave evaluation of the scattering parameters matrix of a 2 - coils system together with a passive resonant array of (N-2) ×(N-2) elements, made resonant by tuning capacitors. By a postprocessing evaluation of the SN×N matrix of the system, it can be possible obtaining the desired multiple frequencies tuning of the array by acting only on the tuning post-processed capacitors. We finally demonstrated that the proposed arrangement enhances the efficiency level of the simple 2-coils driver-receiver system at the multiple frequencies obtained by the chosen multi-tuning condition.
... Recently, the authors proposed a WPT-PLC system that integrates these two technologies [11][12][13][14][15], showing its capability to guarantee an efficient power transfer and broadband data communication through the wireless inductive channel. However, the channel capacity of the communication link of the WPT-PLC system was simply evaluated assuming additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) at the receiver. ...
... B is the channel bandwidth, S t ( f ) is the transmitted signal's spectral density, and H( f, d) is the communication channel's transfer function. In previous studies [11][12][13][14][15], the channel capacity was calculated using equation (6) in the case of I( f ) = 0, N( f ) = N 0 /2 corresponding to AWGN, and constant transmitted power S t ( f ) = S t /2 in the frequency range from 7 up to 30 MHz. It was shown that for a distance d = 10 cm, the capacity ranges from 33.5 kbit/s to 4.4 Mbit/s, when a signal to noise ratio, S t /N 0 , ranges between −2 and 20 dB. ...
This paper presents design considerations for an integrated wireless power transfer (WPT) and power line communication (PLC) system (e.g. WPT-PLC). The main goal is to enable wireless charging of mobile electronic products, along with high data rate communication over the shared wireless inductive resonant channel. Starting from a couple of resonant coils, characterized by the S -parameters matrix, the design of an impedance matching network and decoupling filters is carried out to better decouple power and data signals. A pulse-driven class-E power amplifier (PA) and a rectifier are first conceived based on the measured S -parameters and load-pull characterizations. Second, a sine-driven class-E power link, operating at 6.78 MHz, is proposed to reduce the total harmonic distortion of the integrated WPT-PLC system. These design steps aim to ensure high-power efficiency and low harmonic distortion of the class-E PA in order to mildly affect the channel capacity of the PLC. The harmonic interferences of the pulse-driven and sine-driven class-E power links are compared and discussed, together with the electromagnetic compatibility levels, the channel capacity, and the noise disturbances of the PLC channel in order to guarantee an optimized power and data transfer in the integrated WPT-PLC system.
