Figure
Citations
... Inorganic sunscreens are cosmetically unacceptable because of their opaque quality and being occlusive. It was reported that the salicylates (organic sunscreen), the first agent used in sunscreen preparations, have been increasingly for allergic and contact dermatitis, phototoxic and photoallergic reactions, contact urticaria producing skin rash notable for pale red, raised, itchy bumps and even solitary cases of severe anaphylactic reactions and also showed ability to interfere only in selected pathways of multistage process of carcinogenesis Kale et al., 2011;More et al., 2013). ...
The aim of the present research is to study the antioxidant properties of eight seeds [carrot, Moringa oleifera, soya bean, coconut, Cucurbita maxima (Ccm), palm walnut (Pmw), Vigna unguiculata called niebe and Citrullus lanatus (Ctl)] extracts using radical DPPH as model in view of their possible application as antisolar agents. Ethyl acetate seed extracts were prepared with methanol as solvent and the absorbance were recorded after reaction with the radical DPPH using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The EC50, the antiradical power (ARP) and the stoechiometry of eight seeds extracts were determinated. It was noticed that three of the tested herbal extracts namely carrot, Pmw and niebe showed some antioxidant properties. The carrot extracts gave the better results with an EC50, an ARP and a stoechiometry of 1.12, 0.89 and 0.45 respectively. Five seeds extracts (Ccm, moringa, Ctl, coconut and soya) didn't show antioxidant properties. Thus, the carrot extracts are most active whereas five samples did not show reactivity towards radical DPPH. Keywords: Antioxidant properties, EC50, antiradical power (ARP), Citrullus lanatus, Moringa oleifera
... Flavonoids and polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites that act as natural sunscreens by absorbing UV radiation. Flavonoids have two maximum absorption peaks in the UV spectrum, between 240 and 280 nm and between 300 and 550 nm, indicating that they can be used as sunscreens in UVB and UVA photoprotection preparations (Kale et al., 2011). ...
Because phenolic compounds in the structure of lignin function as free radical scavengers and UV blockers, lignin offers potential capabilities, particularly in terms of antioxidant and antibacterial properties. These qualities have led to its use as a natural sunscreen, anti-inflammatory, whitening agent, and anti-aging ingredient in cosmetic formulations. Furthermore, because of lignin's low cytotoxicity, lignin-based cosmetics can help to improve user safety to some level. In certain investigations, lignin was added to commercial sunscreen in varying concentrations, and a syner-gistic effect was achieved when paired with an existing inorganic ingredient. Differences in lignin absorptivity as a lignin-based sunscreen result from different sources and methods of lignin extraction processing, leading to the discovery of the most effective lignin structure as a sunscreen. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory, wound treatment, tyrosinase inhibitory, and anti-aging activities of lignin have been reported to have potential as a new generation of bio-based cosmetic products. This review helps to understand better how to develop lignin as a natural cosmetic , including sunscreen, anti-inflammatory, whitening, and anti-aging agents, along with its mechanisms for environmental purposes.
... According to the study, the SPF of the essential oils was found to be 1.511, 0.956, and 0.309, for H. petiolare, H. cymosum, and H. odoratissimum Eos, respectively. As compared to the previously reported threshold SPF value of 2 [38,39], the results may not establish these Helichrysum EOs noteworthy for sunscreen formulations. ...
Helichrysum species are prominent South African medicinal plants. From the essential oils (EOs) of three Helichrysum species, H. petiolare, H. odoratissimum, and H. cymosum, sixty-three constituent components were identified, with hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as major components. The compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In H. petiolare EO, the major components were faurinone (20.66%) and (E)-β-ocimene (17.21%). Faurinone was isolated from this EO for the first time. In H. odoratissimum, 1,8-cineole (17.44%) and α-pinene, and γ-curcumene (15.76%) were the major components whereas, in H. cymosum, α-pinene (29.82%) and (E)-caryophyllene (19.20%) were the major components. In the antibacterial activity study, the EOs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The EOs were found to possess low antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, and photoprotection activities and moderate antioxidant capacities, thus establishing these Helichrysum EOs as valuable antioxidant agents.
... According to the study, the essential oil of O. suffruticosum was found to possess an SPF value of 2.299. It has been reported that an SPF value above 2 is noteworthy [45,46]. Such a substance may block UV radiation by approximately 57% [45][46][47]. ...
... It has been reported that an SPF value above 2 is noteworthy [45,46]. Such a substance may block UV radiation by approximately 57% [45][46][47]. Therefore, the results establish O. suffruticosum EO as an important cosmeceutical for sunscreen formulation. ...
The South African medicinal plant Oncosiphon suffruticosum (L.) Källersjö is an important remedy used to treat chronic, respiratory, and skin ailments. From the essential oil (EO) extracted by the hydrodistillation, sixteen constituent components were identified with oxygenated monoterpenes: camphor (31.21%), filifolone (13.98%), chrysanthenone (8.72%), 1,8-cineole (7.85%), and terpinen-4-ol (7.39%) as predominant constituents. In the antibacterial activity study, the EO was found most susceptible against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an MIC of 6.4 mg/mL; however, it showed the same activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with an MIC value of 12.8 mg/mL. The sun protecting factor (SPF) of the EO was found to be 2.299 and thus establishing it as a potentially important cosmeceutical for sunscreen applications. This is the first report investigating the essential oil of O. suffruticosum for its chemical composition and skin-related in vitro biological activities viz antibacterial, antioxidant capacity, antityrosinase, and sun protection factor.
... Broad spectrum sunscreens protect skin form both UVA and UVB radiations but this lead to increase the irritation of the skin. These sunscreens are very expensive and not suitable for sensitive skin (6). Probiotics metabolism frequently produces acidic molecules, lowering the pH of the surrounding environment as seen with Lactobacilli (7). ...
Objective: The objective of current study to investigate the photo protective potential of synbiotic formulation comprising of prebiotic and probiotic.
Methods: Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method and investigated for physical-chemical properties including morphology, physical state, and free radical scavenging potential. Selection of probiotic biomass was made on the free radical scavenging potential by using NO assay. A topical w/o emulsion-based cream was prepared with screened ingredients to achieve a stable product with optimum free radical scavenging potential. The finished product was investigated for various mechanical, physiochemical, and viscoelastic characteristics. The SPF of optimized formulation was determined in UV-stimulated Wistar rat model.
Results: Results indicated that the finished product shows nanoscale feature of elemental selenium. Cream comprising of potential free radical reagent (Selenium nanoparticles with IC50 50.097 µg/ml and biomass of Lactobacillus rhamnosus have IC50 61.63 µg/ml) exhibits a SPF of 29.77. Optimized skin care formulation has desirable physiochemical and viscoelastic properties required for topical application. Histopathology and Draize test indicated the finished product does not show any sign of skin toxicity.
Conclusion: Results inferred that topical formulation combining the features of selenium and probiotic biomass offer an effective alternative for the treatment of sunburn complications.
... 45 Some chemical ingredients in sunscreen might cause edema, erythema, and irritation. 82 To increase the patient compliance, several sunscreens have preservatives, fragrances, and other excipients which might induce allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Patients with photodermatitis are likely to develop photo contact dermatitis to sunscreen. ...
Skin, being one of the vital organs and a protective barrier needs to be pampered and taken care of from early childhood. It is the most visible and the widest exposed organ and by far reflects the general health condition and the aging process in humans. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to this complex biological process of skin aging. In recent times, skin health and its beauty is perceived as an indicator of one’s health which has resulted in an increasing demand for anti-aging products. Exposure to UV radiation is considered to be one of the factors responsible for aging termed as photoaging. In this review, we have discussed the various factors which may accelerate the process of skin aging. Various approaches and strategies to delay the process of skin aging have been emphasized upon. The patents filed in the area of anti-aging and sunscreen products have also been reviewed to gain an insight into the new formulations which have been developed as an anti-aging product. There has been a tremendous rise in the cosmetic and cosmeceuticals market with products having a dual activity of anti-aging and sun protection. Research is constantly on the rise to ensure the safety of these products. Alternatives to the current topical application of sunscreen are being considered to overcome the drawback of reapplication of the sunscreen often which can be a boon to the cosmeceutical market.
... Plates were kept in the dark for 15 minutes to cure. The SPF value of the formulated creams was noted by scanning the prepared plates at three different locations before and after exposure.24 ...
Background:
The aim of this study was to develop sunscreen creams containing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of naringenin for photo-protective and antioxidant effects.
Methods:
Polymeric NPs of naringenin were prepared and optimized. The NPs were incorporated into sunscreen creams and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo skin retention.
Results:
The optimized naringenin NPs showed a size of 131.2 nm, zeta potential -25.4 mV and entrapment efficiency 32.45%. Absence of drug-excipient interaction was confirmed by FTIR and DSC. XRD analysis demonstrated the amorphization of naringenin in nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy showed the sphericity of the NPs with size of <200 nm. Cytotoxicity assessment in HaCaT cells indicated non-toxic nature of naringenin NPs. In vitro skin permeation studies demonstrated that higher amount of naringenin permeated at the end of 12h (Q12h =184.03±3.37 μg/cm(2) ) and deposited in the skin (10.38±0.48 μg/cm(2) ) from NPs as compared to plain naringenin. Sunscreen creams (SC1-SC5) containing plain naringenin or NPs with/without nano-zinc oxide and nano-titanium dioxide were prepared and evaluated. Optimized cream (SC5) containing naringenin NPs showed highest SPF value and enhanced skin retention of naringenin in comparison with NPs in suspension form and other cream formulations.
Conclusion:
Optimized nanoparticulate sunscreen cream exhibited highest skin retention and negligible skin permeation of naringenin besides showing excellent SPF value. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... In another work [58], the SPF of three formulation containing respectively lutein ester (extracted from Tagetes erecta), M. oleifera seed oil and M. oleifera seed oil with lutein ester were evaluated. Physical Parameters of the emulsions were performed and no irritation reaction was observed (Patch test). ...
Besides the unquestionable positive effects of solar exposure for human health, UV rays have been widely investigated for toxicology aspects related to excessive UVB and UVA doses, which involve sunburns, skin aging, DNA skin damage and tumorigenesis. At present, synthetic and mineral sunscreens are used to protect against these damages but several natural molecules can provide UV protection, including also synergic effect or enhanced photo stability. Although a large number of herbal extracts and plant origin molecules can deserve potential applications, most of the study reported utilizes different method and different strategies of investigation, making thus difficult to understand the real versus claimed potential. This is possibly one of the reasons why, beside the large body of literature there are no officially approved natural commercial sun-filter but a consistent number of commercially available solar products (sunscreen) on the market that contain herbal derivatives. In this review we have evaluated the papers appeared in the last 15years and we have critically collected the most significant data. Several databases, namely Scifinder, Pubmed, Google Scholar, ISI-Web of Science and Scopus, were used as literature sources; excluding patents and symposium or congress papers. Only articles in the English language have been selected. New formulation, new skin delivery systems, skin penetration enhancers and boosters are most likely the next frontier of investigation in order to better understand the role of whole herbal extracts in exerting their photo protective activity.
... Chemical sunscreens may cause side effects, such as erythema, edema, and irritation. 10 The progression in the field of nanotechnology and preparation of nanosized zinc oxide and titanium dioxide has allowed formulator to create more effective and cosmetically acceptable sunscreen cream, without causing local side effects except, perhaps, generation of free radicals, which may be carcinogenic. [11][12][13] Hence, addition of other sunscreen agent along with physical sunscreen is better option to enhance the level of protection. ...
The objective of present work was to develop novel sunscreen creams containing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of morin. Polymeric NPs containing morin were prepared and optimized. The creams containing morin NPs were also prepared and evaluated. Optimized NPs exhibited particle size of 90.6 nm and zeta potential of −31 mV. The entrapment efficiency of morin, within the polymeric NPs, was found to be low (12.27%). Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed no interaction between morin and excipients. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that the NPs were spherical in shape with approximately 100 nm diameter. Optimized NPs showed excellent in vitro free radical scavenging activity. Skin permeation and deposition of morin from its NPs was higher than its plain form. Different sunscreen creams (SC1–SC8) were formulated by incorporating morin NPs along with nano zinc oxide and nano titanium dioxide. SC5 and SC8 creams showed excellent sun protection factor values (≈40). In vitro and in vivo skin permeation studies of sunscreen creams containing morin NPs indicated excellent deposition of morin within the skin. Morin NPs and optimized cream formulations (SC5 and SC8) did not exhibit cytotoxicity in Vero and HaCaT cells. Optimized sunscreen creams showed excellent dermal safety. SC5 and SC8 creams demonstrated exceptional in vivo antioxidant effect (estimation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) in UV radiation-exposed rats. The optimized sunscreen creams confirmed outstanding UV radiation protection as well as antioxidant properties.
... The determination of the in vitro SPF values using an UV-vis spectrophometer can be affected by many factors for example, no applicability of proper methods for evaluation of sunscreen products, the use of different solvents in which the sunscreen are dissolved; the combination and concentration of the sunscreen and herbal extracts; the type of emulsion; the effects and interactions of vehicle components, such as esters, emollients and emulsifiers used in the formulation; the interaction of the vehicle with the skin; the addition of other active ingredients; the pH system, viscosity and the emulsion rheological properties, among other factors, which can increase or decrease UV absorption of each formulation [10]. The effect of the different constituents of the sunscreen formulation on the maximum absorbance is well known and documented [1,4,9,[18][19][20][21][22]. UV absorption bands produced by herbal extracts can interfere with those of paba. ...
The aim of this work was to evaluate four seeds (Moringa oleifera, Soya bean, Vigna unguiculata called Niebe or Cowpea and Citrullus lanatus ) extracts with regard to ultraviolet absorption properties in view of a possible application as antisolar agents. Aqueous and ethyl acetate seed extracts were prepared and after dilution with ethanol the absorbance were recorded from 290-320 nm using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The calculated Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of four seeds extracts were evaluated in various conditions using Mansur equation. It was noticed that all of the tested herbal extracts showed some UV protection capabilities: Niebe ethyl acetate extract / para-aminobenzoic acid in the ratio 2000 ppm/20 ppm showed the highest SPF value of 40.50 while 1000 ppm, 500ppm and 500 ppm/5 ppm of soya ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest SPF value of 0.00. The proposed spectrophotometric method is simple, rapid, not expensive and easy-to use for the in vitro determination of SPF values.
Keywords: Sun Protection Factor, seeds extracts, niebe, soya, Citrullus lanatus, Moringa oleifera
