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Formation of beads on electrospun fibers prepared using 10% polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) with the applied electric field strength of 2.0 kV/cm.
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The paper deals with the modification made to the general electrospinning setup. The emphasis is given to characterize the designs based on their applicability. Four basic categories are identified, namely, patterned fibers, fiber yarns, multicomponent, and deposition area of the fiber mat obtained. The mathematical modeling to better understand th...
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Electrospinning is an effective technology for preparing free-standing fiber mats with ultrathin fiber diameter. In this review, the electrospinning technology for application in supercapacitors is discussed. Electrode materials assembled by electrospinning and other post-treatment and chemical modification for electrical double-layer capacitors an...
Electrospinning is a very simple and versitile nanofibrous production technique, very much utilized in the past decades. The current study concerns this process by presenting the production of polyurethane nonwoven fibrous mats. Three types of polyurethane samples were electrospun by setting up the primary technical parameters on the basis of polym...
An effective strategy to produce thermo-responsive islands-in-the-sea hydrogel nanofibres was developed using a single needle electrospinning setup. The produced hydrogel nanofibre mats not only showed excellent temperature response and high response speed, but also showed nanostructured surfaces.
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... As expected, all electrospun nanofibers presented random nanofibers morphology due to the static rectangular collector used. 29 nanofibers produced with 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5% (w/v) copper salt content, respectively. ...
This work investigated the virucidal property of copper-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blended nanofibers against coronavirus. Electrospinning solutions were prepared with 0.25, 0.75, and 1.50% [w/v] of copper salt and their properties of electrical conductivity, surface tension, and viscosity were measured. The copper-PCL/PVP nanofibers produced electrospun composite membranes of 30.5–38 g m−2. IR spectra confirmed the blended PCL/PVP, and SEM/EDS images revealed the morphology of the randomly oriented nanofibers with homogeneously incorporated copper in the electrospun nanofibers. The copper quantification indicated the final incorporation of 5.50 ± 0.31, 14.00 ± 1.03, and 27.10 ± 3.00 mg g−1 of copper, as measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, into electrospun composite membranes for 0.25, 0.75, and 1.50% [w/v] copper solution formulations, respectively, and these compositions also affected the nanofibers mechanical properties. Copper release assays showed that copper-PCL/PVP nanofibers readily release ions into aqueous media. The 0.75% copper-PCL/PVP composite membrane was virucidal against coronavirus, reaching 99.99% inactivation in 1 hour and 99.999% inactivation in 24 h, and non-cytotoxic to L929 cells in 24 h of exposure. This work presents a virucidal composite membrane with potential use in personal protective equipment against viral outbreaks or pandemics.
... After this initial straight jet is ejected, it starts bending and curling, forming a spiral shape ( Fig. 2.2, left panel), in this way reducing the fiber diameter and increasing its length [28,35]. This phase mostly defines the final fiber properties and is thus important to understand in detail. ...
... An overview of diverse static counter electrodes is given in Fig. 2.18 [28]. Parallel and neighboring conductive plates (Fig. 2.18a-d, f), e.g., can be used to increase the electric field along their edges and by this to align fibers perpendicular to the collector edges, as shown by Li et al. [92] for needle-based electrospinning and recently by Storck et al. for a wire-based system [93]. ...
... Besides such rotating drums, diverse other rotating collectors can be found in the literature, some of which were already mentioned briefly in the previous sections. Figure 2.20 gives an overview of some of them [28]. While the combination of an external electrode with a rotating collector (Fig. 2.20a) can be used for self-bundling of fibers [97], spinning into a liquid container is performed to neutralize the usual static charges on the nanofibers before the fiber yarn can be collected on a rotating drum (Fig. 2.20b) [98]. ...
Electrospinning enables producing nanofibers or nanofiber mats from diverse polymers, polymer blends or polymers with embedded nanoparticles. Depending on the technology used, even core–shell structures or Janus fibers can be created. Such nanofibers can be applied in a broad range of fields, from biotechnology and biomedicine to filters and batteries. Here we give an overview of different electrospinning methods, from the needle-based technique to better upscalable needleless techniques, followed by recent developments in near-field electrospinning. Starting from the basic knowledge, each section will explain the respective techniques in detail, allowing beginners to get a first idea as well as specialists to gain most recent knowledge in the broad field of electrospinning.
... However, considering the paradigm in materials science (Askeland and Wright, 2018), we propose to analyse potential factors in categories such as structure, properties, and processing as presented in Figure 3. For example, when electrospinning is utilized to produce particle-decorated nanofibers, it would be relevant to identify which parameters heavily affect that fibre morphology, such as polymer, processing and environmental conditions (Sahay, Thavasi and Ramakrishna, 2011). Thus, high-impact factors must be selected from prior scientific knowledge to effectively rank the critical factors depending on their effect on product performance. ...
Complex global problems, such as sustainable crop production, where conventional products do not fully solve the problem due to their low efficacy and negative environmental impact, require rationally designed products. Generally, these products are based on efficient technologies and stimuli-responsive and high-performance materials. Considering the product design approach with a science-based approach such as drug development through QbD. We propose to merge the most relevant elements of these approaches in an integrated design methodology. Regarding the conceptual analysis, we propose two phases: initially, an early phase with conceptual solutions, followed by an advanced phase based on QbD elements to define the research hypothesis. Hence, optimal product conditions defined in the design space must comply with the required performance of the stimuli-responsive product. So, with this proposed integration we pretend to potentialize and strengthen the established tools for product design, achieving an advanced and robust design methodology.
... Additionally, the stretching of the polymer chain and rapid solvent evaporation resulted in solid nanofibres on the collector wall [38]. As shown in Figure 3 [39], the conventional electrospinning setup comprises a precision syringe pump, a high-voltage source, a syringe with a stainless-steel needle, and a collector. The electric supply is connected to the needle and the collector wall, with either a negative or positive charge [40]. ...
Over the years, scientists have been continually striving to develop innovative solutions to design and fabricate medicines with improved therapeutic potential. Conventional dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, and injections, are limited when exploited for advanced therapeutics, such as drug targeting. To cater to these limitations, nanofibres have emerged as novel nanomaterials to provide enhanced bioavailability, targeted drug release, extended drug release profile, minimum toxicity, and reduced dosage frequency, which has indisputably improved patient adherence and compliance. This review will concern understanding the potential of drug-loaded nanofibres in drug delivery while comprehending a detailed description of their different production methods. The literature has been thoroughly reviewed to appreciate their potential in developing nanofibrous-based pharmaceutical formulations. Overall, this review has highlighted the importance, versatility, and adaptability of nanofibres in developing medicines with varied drug release kinetics. Several problems must be resolved for their full commercial realisation, such as the drug loading, the initial burst effect, the residual organic solvent, the stability of active agents, and the combined usage of new or existing biocompatible polymers.
... These techniques use centrifugal force or gases instead of electricity to produce nanofibers, but they yield low-quality fibers, and thus their application in tissue engineering is limited [45]. Depending on the type of process and parameters, different types and shapes of materials can be manufactured, such as nanowires, nano-webs, porous fibers, random and aligned nanofibers, ribbons, and others [46]. Thus, based on the electrospinning technique, various methods of complex nanofiber production have been developed. ...
... These techniques use centrifugal force or gases instead of electricity to produce nanofibers, but they yield low-quality fibers, and thus their application in tissue engineering is limited [45]. Depending on the type of process and parameters, different types and shapes of materials can be manufactured, such as nanowires, nano-webs, porous fibers, random and aligned nanofibers, ribbons, and others [46]. ...
Anticancer therapies and regenerative medicine are being developed to destroy tumor cells, as well as remodel, replace, and support injured organs and tissues. Nowadays, a suitable three-dimensional structure of the scaffold and the type of cells used are crucial for creating bio- inspired organs and tissues. The materials used in medicine are made of non-degradable and degradable biomaterials and can serve as drug carriers. Developing flexible and properly targeted drug carrier systems is crucial for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and novel cancer treatment strategies. This review is focused on presenting innovative biomaterials, i.e., electrospun nanofibers, 3D-printed scaffolds, and hydrogels as a novel approach for anticancer treatments which are still under development and awaiting thorough optimization.
... Parâmetros de Solução e de Processo PCL acima de 12% tendem a promover problemas durante o processamento, como a solidificação da solução, o que ocasiona a obstrução da agulha, e consequentemente a formação de fibras com irregularidades.As amostras A2 e B2 possuíam baixa concentração polimérica em relação as amostras C2 e D2, durante o processamento os jatos de partículas não mantinham uma trajetória fixa, ocasionando uma deposição reduzida das partículas de gelatina após o período de 6 horas de deposição.A amostra C2 apresentou um processamento contínuo, sem obstrução na agulha e após o período de processamento as amostras foram encaminhadas para caracterização. A amostra D2 possuía a concentração polimérica maior entre as processadas, o processamento seguiu um fluxo contínuo durante o período de 6 horas e as amostras foram encaminhadas para caracterização, onde foi identificado na microscopia eletrônica de varredura que a maior concentração de polímero interferiu na formação morfológica, um comportamento associado ao aumento da viscosidade que corrobora juntamente com as forças eletrostáticas para a formação de fibras(SAHAY et al., 2011).Após uma análise preliminar sobre o comportamento das soluções durante o processamento e as microscopias eletrônicas de varredura, foi observado que o rendimento do processo deve ser um dos fatores determinantes para selecionar as amostras que deveriam prosseguir nas caracterizações. Dessa forma, as amostras selecionas que apresentaram melhores estruturas morfológicas foram de PCL com concentração de 15% (m/v) (C) e Gelatina com 20% (m/v) (C2), como evidenciado na Figura 6, onde foi possível visualizar a formação de fibras de PCL isoladas, livres de defeitos e com distribuição aleatória, apresentando um diâmetro médio de 1,2 µm ± 0,6.14 o Congresso Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Design ESDI Escola Superior de Desenho Industrial ESPM Escola Superior de Propaganda e MarketingFigura 6 -MEV da amostra com formação de fibras de PCL Fonte: Autor. ...
... These materials are promissory materials for application in the most diverse areas of science and have been extensively studied in recent decades (Mercante, et al., 2021). The electrospinning technique comes from studies in the 19th century by Lord Rayleigh, who analyzed the behavior of useless droplets that when subjected to a potential difference (DDP) were expelled in the form of jets (Sahay, Thavasi and Ramakrishna, 2011). ...
The technique of electrospinning polymeric nanofibers has been emerging in the academic environment due to its well-parias and low operational, but the production of these nanofibers finds challenges regarding homogeneity and reproduction of obtained results. As properties of polymeric solutions are important for the determination of electrospinning parameters, such as the applied electrical voltage and injection rate. Seeking rheological behavior of polymeric solutions; which may be affected by the concentration of the polymeric solution and the preparation temperature of these solutions. This way this work studied the effect of the production temperature of polyacrylonitrile and methyl acrylate copolymer solutions and related them to the nanofibers produced at the same injection rates and electrical stresses. It was observed the inversely proportional behavior between the temperature of preparation of the solutions and the viscosity of the solutions at room temperature, which reflects in the integrity and homogeneity of the fibers formed, with the formation of pearls in the nanofibers produced to more viscous solutions.
... Furthermore, the electrospinning method was developed to generate continuous fibers for fabrication non-woven structures in the sub-micron to nanometer scale range by employing electrostatic forces. 73,74 As shown in Figure 2 the compliance, burst pressure and tensile strength introduced as the important mechanical properties for evaluating the clinical applications of fabricated SDVG. 75 Also, their biological properties are analyzed by in-vitro and in-vivo examination by evaluated their toxicity, cell culture and implanted in animal model. ...
The main objective of the present review article is to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo biocompatibility behavior of hybrid PCL-based scaffolds with collagen, gelatin, and chitosan to improve endothelialization for VTE applications. It is reported that the high-rate failure of small diameters vascular grafts (SDVGs, <6 mm) due to adhesion of platelets and plasma protein and aggregation, over-proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and neointimal hyperplasia at the implantation site is main challenge in vascular tissue engineering (VTE). The fast re-establishment of a functional endothelial cell (EC) layer representing a crucial importance strategy has been proposed to reduce these adverse outcomes. Polycaprolactone (PCL), with optimum mechanical properties, it showed great potential in biomedical applications, but its biocompatibility is still highly concerned in VTE. Modifications of the PCL vascular grafts by developing the hybrid structures using natural polymers with optimum hydrophilicity and biocompatibility properties in order to speed up the re-endothelialization process have been proposed over the last years. Analyzing the mentioned results in the present study can offer a better understanding of the benefits and challenges of applying the natural polymer as a thrombotic response upon implantation in clinical trials. Also, it can suggest the PCL-Collagen as the best framework for the fabrication of rationally designed SDVGs for VTE.
... Platforms for Cancer Research: as reviewed elsewhere [193] there are four areas in cancer research in which microfluidics can be applied: cancer cell isolation, molecular diagnostics, tumor biology, and high-throughput screening for therapeutics. Regarding the cancer cellular isolation, the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is particularly valuable to cancer diagnosis in early stages, as well as treatment choice. ...
... These hollow tubes could be used in a number of tissue engineering applications, including vascular scaffolds and nerve lead conduits [192]. Scaffolds with well aligned nanofibers can be generated by electrospinning with a point electrode and a ring electrode as collector, which can be useful for wound closure because these scaffolds can facilitate skin cell migration towards the center of the scaffold [193]. It is possible to control both the alignment and architecture of electrospun nanofibers by varying collector design. ...
Electrospun fibers have been very widely explored in the context of drug delivery. The rapid drying nature of the electrospinning process tends to result in amorphous solid dispersions, and hence the use of a hydrophilic filament-forming polymer can give significant increases in dissolution rate, apparent solubility, and bioavailability. Electrospun formulations thus have great potential to overcome the solubility challenges faced by > 70% of emerging drug candidates. Beyond this, by careful choice of the polymer carrierPolymer Carrier and the nanoscale architecture of the fibers (monolithic, core/shell, Janus, etc.) it is possible to precisely control both the drug release rate and location, and in a number of cases much sought after zero-order (constant rate) release has been obtained with electrospun systemsElectrospun Systems. FibersFibersfrom electrospinningElectrospinning have thus been widely explored for drug delivery via a range of routes, including oral, transdermal, ocular, and implantation. In this chapter, we will review the body of literature in the area, focusing on the various types of release modality that can be obtained and the most exciting recent findings in the field. We will further consider issues of translation from bench to bedside, covering the great progress made in the scale-up of the electrospinningElectrospinning process in recent years, the need for production under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions, and evaluating how close electrospun formulations are to becoming marketed products.
... These hollow tubes could be used in a number of tissue engineering applications, including vascular scaffolds and nerve lead conduits [192]. Scaffolds with well aligned nanofibers can be generated by electrospinning with a point electrode and a ring electrode as collector, which can be useful for wound closure because these scaffolds can facilitate skin cell migration towards the center of the scaffold [193]. It is possible to control both the alignment and architecture of electrospun nanofibers by varying collector design. ...
Biofabrication of engineered cell-laden constructs and scaffolds is essential for tissue engineeringTissue Engineering and tissue modeling. ElectrospinningElectrospinning is a highly scalable technology to fabricate porous scaffolds with micro or nano-fibrous structure. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been recently developed for tissue engineeringTissue Engineering by providing control over cell location and multicellular structure. With the availability of electrospinningElectrospinning techniques, it is possible to combine nano- and microfiber-based structures with 3D bioprinted constructs, to obtain composite structures that have biomimetic or functional features and improved mechanical stability. In addition, electrospun fibersFibers can add various functions such as drug releaseDrug Release Modality properties to the developed 3D bioprinted constructs. In this chapter, we will discuss the techniques for electrospinning, 3D bioprinting3D Bioprinting, and the approach of combining electrospinning and 3D bioprinting3D Bioprinting for biofabrication. We also highlight current challenges and future research directions.
